1. Master RESEARCH MANUAL April 15 Milele.doc

NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT

2015 NATIONAL ADOLESCENT AND YOUTH SURVEY (NAYS)RESEARCH MANUALApril 2015

TABLE OF CONTENTSivINTRODUCTION

vSURVEY PURPOSE

viMETHODOLOGY

iSurvey tools

ivSAMPLE

vSURVEY ORGANIZATION

vTEAM ROLES

viiREGULATIONS

viiCONDUCTING THE INTERVIEWS

xCONTACTING THE RESPONDENTS

xiANALYSIS AND REPORT-WRITING

xiiTimeline

13FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION GUIDE 1: AGES 10-14 YEARS

16MODULE 1: HEALTH

18MODULE 2: EDUCATION

20MODULE 3: ECONOMIC


24MODULE 1: HEALTH



30MODULE 4: GOVERNANCE


35MODULE 1: HEALTH




45FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION GUIDE 4:

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc416598252" AGES 25-34 YEARS

47MODULE 1: HEALTH





59MODULE 1: HEALTH




69KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEW (KII) GUIDE: MODULE 1 HEALTH

73KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEW (KII) GUIDE: MODULE 2 EDUCATION

78KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEW (KII) GUIDE: MODULE 3 ECONOMY

82KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEW (KII) GUIDE: MODULE 4 GOVERNANCE

86IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW (IDI) GUIDE: MODULE 1 HEALTH

87IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW (IDI) GUIDE 1: Health Facility in-charge

90IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW (IDI) GUIDE 2: Manager In-charge Youth Organization

IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW (IDI) GUIDE: 93MODULE 2 EDUCATION

IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW (IDI) GUIDE: 98MODULE 3 ECONOMIC

100IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW GUIDE 1: Enterprise Development Fund Representative

102INDEPTH INTERVIEW GUIDE 2: Leading Employer

103IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW GUIDE 3: Vocational Training Institutions

105OBSERVATION GUIDE AND CHECK LIST

106HEALTH MODULE - OBSERVATION GUIDE FOR YOUTH FRIENDLY SERVICES

108EDUCATION MODULE - OBSERVATION GUIDE

110CHECK LIST FOR THE YOUTH SERVING ORGANIZATIONS

INTRODUCTIONKenya is experiencing a youth bulge; an increasing population of youth which presents an important resource and opportunity for economic development. Young people aged 10-24 years make up an estimated 36 percent of the population in Kenya. This youthful population is a demographic asset and investing in their education, health, skill development and employment prospects will accelerate a demographic dividend.A demographic dividend is an accelerated economic growth spurred by a change in the age structure of the population. If mortality and fertility levels continue to decline, the current child dependency burden will reduce. The result is an increase in the working age population which, if properly harnessed, can translate into high economic growth for a country. However, this transformation requires that appropriate policies, strategies, programs and projects be put in place before a dividend can be realized. In the past decade, many developing countries, including Kenya, have shown interest in the demographic dividend concept with a view of accelerating economic development and improving the well-being of their citizens.

In Kenya, there is growing concern among policy makers on the increasing population of young persons and its significance to national development. This population segment presents both challenges and opportunities. A challenge because the country can experience a backlash from the growing numbers of youth; the bulging youth population is likely to exert pressure on the economy and environment, increase unemployment, undermine sustained development, security, governance, and precipitate corruption. On the other hand this large population of young persons can become a powerful force for economic development and positive change if they are healthy, educated and skilled, and availed with suitable employment opportunities. Article 55 of the Constitution of Kenya (2010) recognizes the importance of investing in the youth. Unleashing the potential and power of the youth is critical for Kenyas development. Kenyas youthful population is an important asset and therefore investing in the health, education, skills, and economic opportunities for young persons will ensure a productive and healthy labor force which will in turn lead to the realization of the demographic dividend.

In 2014, the National Council for Population and Development (NCPD) and Futures Group, with support from USAID, developed a demographic dividend model for Kenya from the generic DemDiv model. The purpose of the model was to demonstrate Kenyas potential to achieve a demographic dividend. Among other things, the model showed that if Kenya reduces her fertility to an average of 2 children per woman and at the same time make appropriate investments in education, health and the economic sectors, then the following will be achieved come the year 2050;

73 percent of the population will be in the working ages and the dependency ratio will reduce substantially

The lives of 5 million children and 350,000 mothers will be saved largely due to the births averted as a result of increased family planning methods uptake

Educational attainment for all children will increase to an average of 16 years

90 percent of the working age population will be employed

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita will increase by more than 12 times

To better understand how the youth bulge in Kenya can be harnessed to accelerate the achievement of a demographic dividend, the National Council for Population and Development (NCPD) in collaboration with Ministry of Health (MOH), Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MOEST), Ministry of Labour and Social Security and Services (MOLSSS) and Ministry of Devolution and Planning proposes to conduct a National Survey on Adolescents and Youths in Kenya. This survey is aimed at strengthening evidence on the potential of achieving a demographic dividend at the County level and identifying County specific opportunities for investing in health, education and economic environment that is necessary to accelerate the realization of a demographic dividend.

The UN defines adolescents as individuals aged 10-19 years and youth as persons aged 15-24 years. Article 260 of Kenyas Constitution and the National Youth Council Act of 2009 defines youth as all individuals from 18 to 34 years of age. Due to these varying categorizations of youth, this survey will go by UN definition of young people as persons aged 10-24 years in order to accommodate both categorizations of adolescents and youth. However, where necessary the data for youth aged 18-34 years will also be presented.

SURVEY PURPOSEThe purpose of the 2015 National Adolescents and Youth Survey is to provide information that will enhance Kenyas efforts to harness the demographic dividend. The survey will answer the following key questions; What potential for a demographic dividend exits in each of the 47 counties?

What specific investment opportunities that can accelerate achievement of the demographic dividend are available in each of the 47 counties?With regard to the above, the general and specific objectives of the survey are;General Objective: Provide evidence of a potential for demographic dividend and identify opportunities for investment in key sectors (health, education and training, and economic).

Specific Objectives:

Generate a profile of young persons and adolescents in each county. This includes the population size and age distribution, and socio-demographic characteristics. Identify health, Education, Economic and Governance issues that affect young persons in each county

Identify investment opportunities in the key sectors in each county

Provide policy and programme recommendations from the survey findingsMETHODOLOGY

The survey will use the secondary data sources of the 2009 Kenya Population and Housing Census and the recent 2014 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS) to generate a profile of the young persons in Kenya aged 10-24 years showing a synopsis of the youth population; size and age distribution by county and the socio-demographic characteristics of the youth population by county. An inventory of youth-serving organizations in the 47 counties will also be carried out. These will include both public and private youth organizations.Analysis of secondary data including Kenya Demographic and Health Survey and Kenya Population and Housing Census will be conducted to establish the youth situation in Kenya in terms of its population and socio-demographic characteristics. A rapid assessment or audit will be carried out in a number of sampled youth-serving organizations (both public and private) to ascertain the extent and type of support provided to youth.

The study will employ qualitative methods of data collection to establish opportunities available for socio-economic investment necessary for initiating a demographic dividend. This research approach was selected because it is useful in exploring a problem to which little is known and it is very helpful in understanding the significance of experience or sequence of events through a range of views and opinions. This will allow triangulation of data collection methods and sources in order to provide a more complete picture of the relevant community context.A structured questionnaire will be designed to gather information on youth-serving organizations and a qualitative guide will be developed to elicit more information on the views and experiences of the subjects as articulated from their own reality on the various dimensions of the enquiry.The survey methodology includes:

i. Analysis of secondary data; 2014 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS) and 2009 Kenya Population and Housing Census (KPHC)ii. Rapid capacity assessment and check list of youth-serving organizations

iii. Focus group discussions with young persons

iv. Key informant interviews with community/opinion leaders, policy makers and decision makers

v. In-depth interviews with service providers in Health, Education, Economic and Governance sectorsvi. Case studies with individuals/organizations with exceptional experiencesAn intensive desk review of available material that will provide the basis for the survey and for the field work will be carried out. A participatory, consultative and inclusive approach will be employed to ensure the widest possible blend of discussions, ideas and suggestions.

Table 1: Application of Data Collection Tools per CountyParticipantsTools

Focus Group Discussions (FGD)Key Informant Interviews (KIIs)In depth Interviews (IDIs)ChecklistCase Studies

Health(1)1. County Director of Health OR2. County Executive Committee Member (CEC) - Health(2)1. Health Facility In-charge

2. Manager In-charge of Youth Serving Organization in Health(1)

Education(2)

1. County Director of Education (CDE)

2. County Executive Committee Member (CEC) -Education(4)1. Primary School with Pre-primary School heads (1 public School)

2. Secondary School Principals (1 public)

3. Tertiary Institutions University dean of student (1)

4. TVET (1) or College (1)(1)

Economics(3)

1. County Executive Committee Member (CEC) - Finance and Economic Planning

2. County Director of Youth Development

3. To be selected (CEC) depending on the main economic activity of the county

(3)1. Enterprise Development Fund Representative (UWEZO, YEDF, WEF etc)

2. A leading employer in the County

3. Vocational Training Institutions(1)

Governance(2)1. County Commissioner

2. County Executive Committee Member (CEC) Public Administration

All sectors - Young Persons FGD Age 10-14 (1 Male and 1Female in School)(2)

Young Persons FGD Age 15-19 (1 Male and 1Female in School)(2)

Young Persons FGD Age 15-19 mixed group out of school (male & female, married & unmarried)(1)

Marginalized populations (those living with disabilities) FGD Age 15-24(1)

Young Persons (20-24) Married and unmarried youths(1)

Young Persons (25-34) Married and unmarried youths(1)

Older Persons 35-60 Years (1)

YSOs (Health, Education, Economic)(3)(3)

Total981233

Survey tools

The following data collection tools will be utilized in the survey:

1. Focus Group Discussions Guide

2. In-depth Interview Guide

3. Key informant Interview Guide

4. Checklist and profile on Youth Serving Organizations

5. Case studies/narration among individuals/organizations with exceptional experiencesIn each county the research assistants will endeavor to cover the identified thematic areas with a view of soliciting information that can help harness the potential of the young persons to harness demographic dividend. The research assistants will use the outline of the above prescribed guides to elicit the views of the respondents with additional probing questions where necessary. One (1) narration/case study will be documented in each county.

Focus Group DiscussionsFour hundred and twenty three (423) Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) will be organized throughout the country. Although the survey focus is on issues affecting the youth and adolescents, views will be sought not just from young people but also from older persons 35 years and above with community responsibility in the society. In each county a minimum of nine (9) FGDs (2 for young persons aged between 10-14 years, 3 for ages 15-19, 1 for Special populations (15 24 years), 1 for ages 20-24 and 1 for those above ages 35-60 years.) For the 2 FGDs which will be held among the 10-14 years, one (1) each for girls and boys in school. For the three FGDs which will be held among 15 19 years, one (1) each for girls and boys in school, and the other one for boys and girls out of school at the time of the study. Each FGD will have 8 to 12 participants with each session taking up to two (2) hours.

In-Depth InterviewsIn-depth interviews will be carried out with service providers (health, educators, and employers), Administration, youth director covering the key thematic areas in the study. The following are the respondents to be interviewed from the different sectors.

Health sector

1. Health Facility In-charge

2. Manager In-charge of Youth Serving Organization in Health

Education sector

1. Primary School with Pre-primary School heads (1 public School)

2. Secondary School Principals (1 public)

3. Tertiary Institutions University dean of student (1)

4. TVET (1) or College (1)

Economic pillar

1. Enterprise Development Fund Representative (UWEZO, YEDF, WEF etc)

2. A leading employer in the County

3. Vocational Training InstitutionsKey Informant InterviewsKey informant interviews will be carried out with policy makers and decision makers covering the key thematic areas in the study. The following are the respondents to be interviewed from the different sectors. Key Informant Interviews will include;

Health sector

1. County Executive Committee Member (CEC) - Health

Education sector

1. County Director of Education (CDE)

2. County Executive Committee Member (CEC) - Education Economic pillar

1. County Executive Committee Member (CEC) - Finance and Economic Planning

2. County Director of Youth Development

3. To be selected (CEC) depending on the main economic activity of the county

Governance

1. County Commissioner2. County Executive Committee Member (CEC) Public Administration

Checklists/ Profile of Youth Serving Organizations (YSOs)A checklist for youth serving organizations will be designed to capture data on the types of services the organizations offer to the youth in the sector of Health, Education and Economic. The checklist will entail the following: Type of organization (public, private, FBO, NGO, SACCOs etc), geographical coverage, target population (Number, age, gender, marginalized and vulnerable), type of programs and services provided, duration that the organization has been in operation, project duration and sources of funding. Whether these organizations are active or inactive.

Case studies/NarrationA case study will be identified and documented for each of the three (3) pillars (Economic, Health and Education). It will involve identifying institutions/youth groups or individuals who have performed fairly well in terms of addressing economic empowerment of the youth, offering youth friendly services and facilitating access and availability of education to vulnerable young persons in the community and also organizations championing for young people as among the key persons in decision making processes.

SAMPLE This is a national survey that will cover all the 47 counties in Kenya. These counties have been grouped into 16 study regions mainly based on social-demographic characteristics and are as shown in the table 2; The survey will use the sampling frame for the 2014 Kenya Demographic Health Survey (KDHS) National Sample Survey and Evaluation Programme (NASSEP V). The sample frame is considered adequately representative of the population. Other categories of sampling frame include the NGOs/CBOs, government ministries with functions relevant to the subject of study. Table 2: Distribution of Counties by Study Regions

RegionCounties

1. NairobiNairobi

2. North Eastern Garrisa, Wajir, Mandera

3. Upper EasternIsiolo, Marsabit

4. Central EasternMeru, Embu, TharakaNithi

5. Lower EasternKitui, Makueni, Machakos

6. North Rift (1)Trans Nzoia, West Pokot, Turkana,

7. North Rift (2)UasinGishu, Elgeiyo Marakwet, Nandi

8. Central RiftNakuru, Kericho, Bomet, Baringo

9. South RiftKajiado, Narok, Samburu

10. WesternKakamega, Vihiga, Bungoma, Busia

11. Nyanza SouthKisii, Nyamira, Migori (Kuria)

12. Nyanza NorthKisumu, Siaya, Homa Bay, Migori (Luo)

13. Central (1)Kiambu, Muranga, Kirinyaga,

14. Central(2)Nyeri, Nyandarua, Laikipia

15. Coast Region (1)Mombasa, Kwale, TaitaTaveta,

16. Coast Region (2)Tana River, Lamu, Kilifi

SURVEY ORGANIZATIONThe survey will be undertaken by the National Council for Population and Development (NCPD) in collaboration with the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Devolution and Planning (Directorate of Youth), KIPPRA, Ministry of Labour, University of Nairobi, Family Health Options Kenya, NOPE, AFIDEP, APHRC. At National level a steering committee will guide the survey on policy issues while a technical committee will focus on the technical issues.

In each region there will be one team comprising of a supervisor, moderator, note taker, and a driver. Ideally, the site visits will be conducted sequentially whereby one site/community will be visited at a time. However, more Key Informant Interviews, Narratives and In-depth interviews may be conducted if the situation on the ground allows. TEAM ROLES Each survey team at regional level will comprise of a supervisor (Ideally the County Population Coordinator or any other technical officer as nominated by NCPD), moderator, note taker, and a driver. The Regional team is the one mandated with the responsibility to contact the respondents. In addition, the initial data analysis process begins at the interview site during the evening debriefs by the teams. For the success of the survey, the team members have been assigned the following roles and responsibilities:1. Supervisor (CPC)

The Supervisor is the person who acts as the overseer of the exercise within the study area and a bridge between the data collection team and the technical committee. Specifically the Supervisor will perfrom thesefollowing tasks:a. Work closely with the Technical committee to ensure smooth running of the exercise at Regional levelb. Participate/contribute during training for the pretest and main survey

c. Arrange for meetings, appointments and call backs with all relevant personnel at the County level as necessary

d. Participate in the KII with County heads

e. Supervise the RAs during field work f. Ensure that work is completed as scheduled g. Ensure quality workh. Submit all the information collected to the HQ 2. Moderator

The moderator will initiate the process and provide the rules/framework under which the interview will be conducted. Like other members of the survey team, he/she must have good understanding of the subject of discussion. Specifically, the moderator will perfrom thesefollowing tasks:

a) Ensure that he/she has the necessary material for the interview of the dayb) Introduce the survey team c) Explain the purpose of the visit

d) Moderate the discussions e) Manage time

f) Participate in the daily analysis of resultsg) Identify candidates for the narratives

3. Note Taker

For the information provided by the respondents to be useful, a proper record of the discussions must be done. While the moderator ensures a smooth flow of the discussions, a note taker has to be present at all times of an interview to record the verbatim responses. Specifically, a Note taker will perfrom thesefollowing tasks:

a) Ensure that he/she has the necessary material for the interview, including tape recorderb) Observe the interview and write down and record electronically all the (important) information provided

c) Be able to follow the interview guideline and (skillfully) support the moderator as necessary e.g. ensuring no question is skipped

d) Participate in the daily analysis of results e) Make computer back up copy of the tape recordThe recorded sessions will be saved in the following format of labeling/filing Type of QR method _Type of FGD group _ Site _Initials of Moderator _dateExamples of labeling/filing FGDs1. FGD1_MYP 10-14_NKU_RW_10-12-2013

(Focus Group Discussion 1 _Male Young Persons 10-14 _ Nakuru _Rose Wanjiru_10-5-2015)2. FGD3_MXYP 20-24_KK_DW_10-12-2013

(Focus Group Discussion 3 _Mixed Group Young Persons20-24_ Kakamega _Daniel Waweru_10-5-2015)3. FGD6_FYP 15-19_NRB_TK_10-12-2013

(Focus Group Discussion 6 _Female Young Persons 15-19 _ Nairobi _Timothy Kamau_10-5-2015)The roles of the moderator and note taker must not be permanent throughout the exercise and may be interchanged when necessary to allow for equal distribution of tasks. REGULATIONSThere will be 16 teams covering all the counties across the country. Each team will have a supervisor, a moderator, a note taker and a driver. The interviewers/Research Assistants (RAs) will represent the regions on the basis of their ability to understand the local language and culture. Initially, 16 RAs representing all the regions will take part in the pretest of the survey tools. Before the commencement of field work, all the 32 RAs will undergo a ten days intensive training on how to select participants for the FGDs, how to moderate the interview, how to take notes, how to identify the gaps and how to conduct the in-depths interviews. During the training they will go through the tools, undertake a test, homework and mock interviews to improve on their skills in qualitative research. Interviewers are expected to read and understand this manual. All the 32 selected RAs must participate in the main training for a period of 10 days without absenting themselves. 10 coders will also be recruited and undergo training on coding of the data using the NVIVO software.CONDUCTING THE INTERVIEWSThe selection criteria for those to participate in the FGD will be as follows: the supervisor will make prior arrangement with the village mobiliser and select the FGD participants as per the criterion agreed on. The team will then arrive at the agreed venue and make sure that it is conducive for the discussions. The participants should not be coerced to take part in the discussions but should willingly and freely participate. None of the FGD participants should be persons in authority or with significant influence in the community as this may hamper free discussion.

The invited participants will be requested to convene at an appropriate time at the chosen venue (e.g., a communal centre, a school, a volunteered private home etc.). The moderator and the note taker should arrive at least one hour before the agreed time. Ethical issues

A verbal informed consent process will be used among all study participants before any data is collected. The consent page in the data collection tool being administered will be read aloud to the study participants, and will include an explanation of the purpose of the study, expected duration of the interview, topics to be covered, permission to use tape recorders and confidentiality (see Annex 1). Participants will be assured that the confidentiality of all information is guaranteed and that participation is purely voluntary and can be withdrawn any time they wish. After reading the consent form, the interviewer will ask for any questions or clarifications from participants and attempt to answer them.

All tape recordings of interview data will be destroyed after the transcripts have been completed and analysis finalized. Interview data will be securely stored at the NCPD offices. The team will then seek informed consent from the participants before starting the discussion, including consent to have the session recorded and photos taken. Confidentiality will be assured by indicating that any analyses and reports produced from the sessions will not bear any names or personal identifiers for any participant. Participants will be provided with refreshments during the discussions.

The discussions will be guided by the standard methodology. The Research assistants will receive appropriate training on the skills and prompts required to effectively conduct an FGD. The note taker will have to be a person with legible handwriting and will be instructed on how to capture events during the FGD (e.g., details of a particular person attempting to dominate the discussion, special circumstances of silence moments during discussion of sensitive topics, etc.), to assist during the analysis. Interviewing Techniques

The following tips will assist the research team in conducting FGDS and In-depth interviews:

Table 3: Principles of Interviewing in Qualitative Research

FGDSIn-Depth Interviews

Interviewing

Build rapport

Cultivate a positive atmosphere

Make eye contact

Speak pleasantly

Be neutral

Probe for more responses

Ask open ended questions

Use humour where appropriate

Be patient

Tips for recording FGD proceedings

Seek their consent to tape record

Be a careful observer and record non verbal communications

Take verbatim notes

Take good quotes

Use the standard form in annex

Record participant identifiers

Use short hand

Record both questions and answer

Record responses comments and observations clearly

Take note of the following participants

Aggressive

Shy

Angry

Talkative

Respect for each other

Encourage the passive participants to participate

Do not intimidate them to participate

Try to control those who are dominant in the group

Treat all participants equally

Interviewing

Be familiar with the topic

Prepare well for the topic

Prepare the equipments

Practice the interview

Practice using the equipments

Be friendly

Smile

Use nice tone



Take verbatim notes

Take good quotes


Record participant identifiers

Use short hand



Tips for recording IDI proceedings



Take verbatim notes

Take good quotes


Use short hand



Listen carefully

Common errors in Interviewing

Failing to listen

Interrupting discussions

Dominating the process

Asking leading questions

Asking ambiguous questions

Failing to probe

Failing to record responses correctly and promptly

Failing to plan for the meetings

Arriving late

Failing to give time for discussions

Failing to thank participants at the end of session

The Interviews will be conducted in the language which the respondents are most comfortable with after agreement with the research team.CONTACTING THE RESPONDENTS The team supervisor will be required to make prior arrangement with participants and leaders in the communities and facilities where the interviews are to be conducted. They will do this using official letter of authority bearing NCPDs official letter head and signature. The team leader will have to obtain in advance the contacts of the village mobilisers and the facilities where the FGDs and IDIs will be conducted. The team leader must always infrom theseteam on any changes in the schedules in good time and check the vehicle to ensure that it is in good condition and has enough fuel. Each of the team members must ensure that there are enough materials for conducting the interviews.

The survey respondents will be selected to have the following representation: 1. FGDs To cover both urban and rural areas, in and out of school adolescent and youth, FGDs for young persons of ages 10-14 years, 15-19 years who are single and married, FGD for special populations ( people with disabilities), 20-24 years and for those aged between 25-65 years will also participate in the survey. In selecting these groups, cultural diversities and religion will also be considered. The local leaders will be key in mobilising for FGDs.2. In-depth interviews

Twelve (12) In-depth Interviews per County with service providers targeting the youth in Health sector, Education sector and Economic sector. The key persons will be respondents 1 health facility in-charge , 5 education (Various levels) persons, 1 from Youth Directorate (National and County Government), 2 from labour and representative of employers and 3 youth serving organizations as per the model pillars.3. Policy makers

Seven (7) Key Informant Interviews per County with policy makers in Health sector, Education sector, County Economic Planning, Two key economic sectors, Administration and Security and Judiciary at county levels will be contacted by the Technical Committee and Regional Supervisors respectively. ANALYSIS AND REPORT-WRITINGThe field notes from the FGDs and IDIs will be expanded and completed by the moderator and the note takers every evening after the field work. In the evenings the teams will meet to share their experiences as they make full notes from their short field notes. Decisions will also be made from the field notes and the daily experiences to guide the next days work. The teams will also discuss questions that did not work well and come up with a strategy to improve on their administration. They will also identify any missing information and address the information gaps. Team reports will be sent to the HQs on a weekly basis. After completing the fieldwork each day, the information collected will be transcribed from the digital recorders and the field notes to come up with complete field reports that will be submitted for analysis. These will be given to the supervisor for counter checking before sending to Nairobi for transcription and interpretation. If necessary, there will be consultations and interviews with the teams to help decode and clarify specific exchanges/situations during the discussions/interviews.

Data Analysis

Qualitative data from the FGDs, key informant interviews, and in-depth interviews will be analyzed using the computer QRS software of NVIVO. This software assists to access, manage, shape and analyze textual data. Data from the different counties will be analyzed separately, and the themes that are cross-cutting compared. Emerging themes will be built from the data as it is collected. Substantive and conceptual categories will be generated from which codes will be developed. Additional codes will be added to the base codes as the reading and analysis process continues.

Transcribed field notes on Focus Group Discussions, in-depth interviews and Key informant interviews will be imported into the qualitative software as rich text units, which will be worked on according to the topic of interest. All common themes will be coded and categorized in a standard way using the tree nodes structure so that comparisons can be made across sub-samples for easier analysis.

Timeline

The survey will commence in April 2015 with a pretest. This will be followed by the main survey training and field work between May and June 2015. It is estimated that inscription/interpretation, analysis and report writing will take approximately 3 months after completion of field work. The survey results will then be presented at the National Launch to be followed by disseminations to counties. The time line is presented in Table 4 below:Table 4: 2015 National Survey on Adolescents and Youth Survey Timelines

ActivityTimingNo. of Days

1Preparatory ActivitiesFeb 201528

2Development of Survey Framework26th -28th February, 20153

3Development of survey Tools1st-8th March 20157

4Pre-test training8th-17th March 20159

5Main training21st April -3rd May 201512

6Field Work5th May- 30th June 201557

3Data entry and analysis12th May 7th July57

4Report Writing13th July 2nd July10

5Report LaunchAugust 2015

FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION GUIDE 1: AGES 10-14 YEARS Consent to School Management for Parents/Guardians:

The National Council for Population and Development (NCPD) in collaboration with the Ministry of Health (MOH), Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MOEST), Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS), Directorate of Youth and other partners is carrying out a survey on young persons at the county level.

Purpose of study: We are studying about the health, education of young people and their potential to participate in the economy. The survey will use Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) for young persons in school aged 10-14 and 15-19 years. Your school has been selected to participate in this survey.

Confidentiality: The information we collect from the pupils/students will be treated with utmost confidentiality. We will not record their names on the forms, so no one will be able to identify their specific responses.

Study procedure: These discussions will take two hours. We shall record the discussions and the information gathered will only be used for the stated purpose.

In this regard we ask for your consent for the pupils/students to participate in the survey. Consent given by School Management YES_______________NO_____________(Tick)FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION guide (FGD)Introduction:

Good morning/afternoon. My name is ________________ am joined by my colleague/s _______________, ___________________. We are working with National Council for Population and Development (NCPD). NCPD in collaboration with the Ministry of Health (MOH), Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MOEST), Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS), Directorate of Youth and other partners is carrying out a survey on young persons at the county level.

Purpose of study: We are studying about the health, education of young people and their potential to participate in the economy.

Confidentiality: You have been selected to participate in the survey and what you say is important and valuable and represents the views of your community.The information you give will be treated with utmost confidentiality. We will not record your names on the forms, so no one will be able to identify your specific responses. Study procedure: These discussions will take two hours. We will record the discussions and the information gathered will only be used for the stated purpose.

Only one consent form for the focus group discussion will be signed by the group representative to show that all participants have accepted to take part in the study.

Group Representatives Signature----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Thank You.

MODULE 1: HEALTH

Introduction: Young persons are the future of any society. It is therefore important to ensure that young persons are healthy at all times. Now, we are going to discuss health issues affecting young persons of your age in this community. This discussion will help us understand the current local status of health and how these can be improved in order to contribute to development.

1. Health issues affecting young persons

a) What are the main health-issues affecting young persons of your age in this community/county? Probe for health problems e.g. teenage pregnancy, HIV, STIs, Sexual Gender Based Violence (SGBV), mental health

b) How common are these health issues among the young persons? Probe for the mentioned health problems in 1 (a) Probe whether they know of friends or people who have been affected Probe why these problems are commonc) How do these health issues affect the well-being of young persons of your age?d) How can these health issues or problems be addressed? Probe for possible ways the mentioned health problems can be dealt with? e.g. seeking counselling services and health information, family life education, health talks

2. Availability and accessibility to health information and services

a) What are the main sources of health information and services for young persons of your age in this community/county?b) What health information and services do young persons of your age in this community/county mainly access from these sources? Probe for the sources mentioned in 2(a)c) How often do young persons of your age in this community/county access health information and services from these sources?d) How useful is this information to young persons of your age?e) What are the preferred sources of health information and services for young persons of your age in this community/county?f) In every community there are people living in difficult circumstances such as persons with disabilities, HIV positive, orphans etc. Do you have such people of your age in the community/county?

g) What health information and services are available for young persons living in with disabilities, HIV positive, orphans?

h) We have what we call youth friendly services. The provider is friendly, provider maintains confidentiality and privacy, environment is friendly to young people. About the health services and information available to young people, are they friendly to young persons? If YES or NO, Explain your answer Probe provider maintains confidentiality and privacy, environment is friendly to young people

i) What are main challenges young persons of your age face in accessing health information and services in this community/county? Probe for the health providers, the facility infrastructure, the cost of services, time, their fears and concerns

Probe for specific challenges for people with disabilitiesj) How can these challenges be addressed? Probe what needs to be done to make the health information and services friendlier to young persons in this community/county?

3. Organizations (public and private) addressing health issues of young persons NOTE: Follow on health issues mentioned in 1 (a) a) In the health issues affecting young persons, which organizations/people address these issues? Probe what specific health issues do they address?

b) How have these organizations/people changed the health status of young persons in this community/county?c) What are your views about the efforts being made by the organizations/people to address health issues affecting young persons in this community/county?NOTE: If persons are mentioned in 3 (a) follow-up with Supervisor/Mobilizer for name of the organizations4. Opportunities for improvement in healtha) What are the health information and services that are required by young people in this community/county but are not being provided? MODULE 2: EDUCATIONIntroduction: Now, we are going to discuss education issues affecting young persons of your age in this community. This discussion will help us understand the current local status of education and how these can be improved in order to contribute to development.

1. Education issues affecting young persons

a) What are the main issues affecting the education of primary school age children in this community/county?

Probe for reporting time, absenteeism for both teachers and pupils/students Probe for drug and substance abuse for both teachers and pupils/students Probe what are the reasons for drug and substance abuse?

Probe for child labourb) How have these issues affected their education?c) How common are these issues?

Probe whether their friends or relatives have been affected

Probe why are these issues common?

FOR GIRLS FGD ONLY: Probe are sanitary towels provided to girls in school. If NO why?

d) Are there primary school age children of your age who do not attend school or have dropped out of school? If YES, why? Probe for costs, teenage pregnancy, early marriage, child labour, poverty, cultural practices (e.g. Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), gender discrimination, School Feeding Program (SFP) not provided, corporal punishment Probe how common are these problems?

2. Availability and accessibility of education servicesa) What are your views about the availability and accessibility of primary schools in this community/county? Probe for availability (whether schools/teachers/classrooms are available) Probe for accessibility (whether schools can be accessed in terms of distance to school, time taken to reach school, transport costs etc)

b) Are there schools in this community/county that have facilities for pupils with special needs? Probe for physically challenged, Intellectually challenged, visually impaired, hearing challenged, communication disorders, exceptionally talented/gifted

c) Are there adequate learning facilities in the schools?

Probe for classrooms, desks, dormitories, laboratories, toilets/latrines, libraries, books

Probe for electricity, toilets/latrines and waterNOTE: In the Observation list indicate the condition of the facilities (depletion, leakage etc.)

d) Are there differences between boys and girls accessing school? If YES

Probe for the differences in the number of boys and girls Probe why there are differences by sex3. Access to ICT services in the education sectora) What ICT services are available for pupils in this school/community?

Probe for computer classes, cyber cafes Probe for computer resource centre/computer library Probe for computer lessons for classes with pupils with special needs

4. Organizations (public and private) addressing education issues of young persons NOTE: Follow on the education issues mentioned in 1 (a) a) In the main issues affecting the education of young persons that you have mentioned, which organizations/people address these issues? Probe what specific education issues do they address?

b) How have these organizations/people changed the education status of young persons in this community/county?c) What are your views about the efforts being made by the organizations/people to address issues affecting the education of young persons in this community/county?NOTE: If persons are mentioned in 4 (a) follow-up with Supervisor/Mobilizer for name of the organizations5. Opportunities for investment in education

a) How can these main issues affecting the education of young persons be addressed?

b) Are there any education services that are required by young people in this community/county but are not being provided? If yes, Probe which education services?

MODULE 3: ECONOMICIntroduction: Now, we are going to discuss economic issues affecting young persons of your age in this community. This discussion will help us understand the current economic activities by the young persons.1. Employment and income opportunities among young personsa) Are there young people of your age engaged in any economic activities in this community/county? If YES, Probe in what economic activities are they commonly engaged in? Probe why are they engaged in these economic activities?b) What challenges do young people; both boys and girls of your age encounter in engaging in these economic activities?c) What do you think should be done to address these challenges?

2. Availability and access to ICT servicesa) What ICT services are available to young people of your age in this community/county?

Probe for internet, phone, TV, radio, computer, resource centres, librariesb) What type of services do the young people of your age seek for? (Facebook, twitter)

c) Which of these services are the most preferred by young people?d) What type of information are the young persons looking for from the ICT services?e) What do they use the information for?f) What challenges do young people of your age face in accessing ICT services in this community/school?g) What needs to be done to address these issues?3. Population structure

What do you think about the growing population of young people in this community/county in relation to health, education and economic engagement? Probe in relation to health status, access to health services

Probe in relation to education status, access to education services

Probe in relation to economy and access to employment

FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION GUIDE 2: AGES 15-19 YEARS

Consent to School Management for Parents/Guardians:

The National Council for Population and Development (NCPD) in collaboration with the Ministry of Health (MOH), Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MOEST), Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS), Directorate of Youth and other partners is carrying out a survey on young persons at the county level.

Purpose of study: We are studying about the health, education of young people and their potential to participate in the economy. The survey will use Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) for young persons in school aged 10-14 and 15-19 years. Your school has been selected to participate in this survey.

Confidentiality: The information we collect from the pupils/students will be treated with utmost confidentiality. We will not record their names on the forms, so no one will be able to identify their specific responses.

Study procedure: These discussions will take two hours. We shall record the discussions and the information gathered will only be used for the stated purpose.

In this regard we ask for your consent for the pupils/students to participate in the survey. Consent given by School Management YES_______________NO_______________(Tick)

FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION guide (FGD)

Introduction:



Confidentiality: You have been selected to participate in the survey because you come from this community. What you say is important and valuable and represents the views of your county.

The information you give will be treated with utmost confidentiality. We will not record your names on the forms, so no one will be able to identify your specific responses. Study procedure: These discussions will take two hours. We will record the discussions and the information gathered will only be used for the stated purpose. In this regards we ask for your consent to use the recording device. Only one consent form for the focus group discussion will be signed by the group representative to show that all participants have accepted to take part in the study.

Group Representatives Signature----------------------------------------------------------------------------Thank You.

MODULE 1: HEALTH

Introduction: Young persons are the future of any society. It is therefore important to ensure that young persons are healthy at all times.

Now we are going to discuss health issues affecting young persons of your age in this community. This discussion will help us understand the current local status of health and how these can be improved in order to contribute to development.


a) What are the main health issues affecting young persons of your age in this community/county? Probe for health problems e.g. teenage pregnancy, HIV, STIs, SGBV, mental healthb) How common are these health issues among the young persons? Probe for the health problems mentionedc) How do these health issues affect the well-being of young persons of your age?d) How can these health issues/problems be addressed? Probe for possible ways the mentioned health problems can be dealt with? e.g. seeking for counselling services and health information, family life education, health talks

2. Availability and accessibility to health information and services

a) What are the main sources of health information and services for young persons of your age in this community/county?b) What type of health information and services do young persons of your age in this community/county mainly access from these sources? Probe for the source mentioned for health information and services in 2(a)c) How often do young persons of your age in this community/county access health information and services from these sources?d) How useful is this information and services to young people of your age?e) What are the preferred sources of health information and services for young persons of your age in this community/county?f) What are the main Sexual and Reproductive Health/ Family Planning (SRH/FP) information and services available and accessible to young persons in this community/county?g) What challenges do young persons in your community/county face in accessing SRH/FP information and services? Probe for factors which act as barriers for young persons e.g. the health providers, and the facility infrastructure, the community, cost, time, and their fearsh) In every community there are people living in difficult circumstances such as persons with disabilities, HIV positive, orphans etc. Do you have such people of your age in this community/county?

i) What health information and services are available for young persons living with disabilities, HIV positive, orphans?

j) We have what we call youth friendly services. The provider is friendly, provider maintains confidentiality and privacy, environment is friendly to young people). About the health services and information available to young people, are they friendly to young persons? Explain your answer

Probe provider maintains confidentiality and privacy, environment is friendly to youthk) What are main challenges young persons of your age face in accessing health information and services in this community/county? Probe for the health providers, the facility infrastructure, the community, cost of services, time, their fears and concerns Probe for specific challenges for young people with disabilitiesl) How can these challenges be addressed? Probe what needs to be done to make the health information and services friendlier to young persons in this community/county?

3. Organizations (Public and Private) addressing health issues of young persons

NOTE: Follow on main health issues mentioned in 1 (a) a) In the health issues affecting young persons that you have mentioned, which organizations/people address these issues? Probe what specific health issues do they address?

b) How have these organizations/people changed the health status of young persons in this community/county?c) What are your views about the efforts being made by the organizations to address health issues affecting young persons in this community/county?NOTE: If persons are mentioned in 3 (a) follow-up with Supervisor/Mobilizer for name of the organization

4. Opportunities for improvement in Healtha) What are the health information and services that are required by young people in this community/county but are not being provided? MODULE 2: EDUCATION

Introduction: Now we are going to discuss education issues affecting young persons of your age in this community. This discussion will help us understand the current local status of education and how these can be improved in order to contribute to development.


a) What are the main issues affecting the education of secondary school age children in this community/county? Probe for reporting time, absenteeism for both students and teachers Probe for drug and substance abuse for both students and teachers

Probe for reasons for drug and substance abuse? Probe for child labourb) How have these issues affected their education?c) How common are these issues?

Probe whether their friends or relatives have been affected?

Probe why are these issues common?

FOR GIRLS FGD ONLY: Probe: Are sanitary towels provided to girls in school. If NO, why?

d) Are there secondary school age children who do not attend school or have dropped out of school? If YES, why? Probe: for costs, teenage pregnancy, early marriage, child labour, poverty, cultural practices (e.g. Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), gender discrimination, School Feeding Program (SFP not provided), corporal punishment How common are these problems?

2. Availability and accessibility of education servicesa) What are your views about the availability and accessibility of secondary schools in this community/county? Probe for availability (whether schools are available in this community/county) Probe for accessibility (whether schools can be accessed in terms of distance to school, time taken to reach school, transport costs etc)

b) Are there schools in this community/county that have facilities for students with special needs? Probe for physically challenged, Intellectually challenged, visually impaired, hearing challenged, communication disorders, exceptionally talented/gifted

c) Are there adequate learning facilities in the schools?

Probe for classrooms, desks, dormitories, laboratories, libraries, books

Probe for electricity toilets/latrines, and waterNOTE: In the Observation list: indicate the condition of the facilities (depletion, leakage etc.)d) Are there differences between boys and girls accessing education in schools? If YES, Probe for the differences in the number of boys and girls

Probe why there are differences by sex3. Access to ICT services in the education sectora) What ICT services are available for students/young persons in this school/community?

Probe for computer classes, cyber cafes Probe for computer resource centres/computer libraries Probe for computer lessons for classes with students with special needs

4. Organizations (public and private) addressing education issues of young persons

NOTE: Follow on the education issues mentioned in 1 (a) a) Which organizations/people address education challenges of young persons of your age in this community/county? Probe what specific education challenges do they address?

b) What are your views about the efforts being made by the organizations/people to address challenges affecting the education of young persons in this community/county?NOTE: If persons are mentioned in 4 (a) follow-up with Supervisor/Mobilizer for name of the organizations5. Opportunities for investment in education

a) What more needs to be done to address the challenges affecting education of young persons in this community/county?

MODULE 3: ECONOMICIntroduction: Now, we are going to discuss economic issues affecting young persons in this community. This discussion will help us understand the current economic activities by the young persons1. Employment and income among young personsa) Are there young people of your age engaged in any economic activities in this community/county? IF YES,

Probe what economic activities they commonly engaged in Probe type of employment

Probe why they are engaged in these economic activities

b) What challenges do young people, both boys and girls of your age encounter in engaging in these economic activities?c) What do you think should be done to address these challenges?

2. Availability and accessibility of income and employment opportunities

a) What are the interventions or programmes in place in this community/county to address youth unemployment? (By government and other organizations) Probe for UWEZO, AGPO, YEDF, WEF, NYS, Private sector support program

b) How have young persons benefited from these interventions?

c) What are the challenges in accessing these interventions?

d) What can be done to address these challenges?3. Availability and access to ICT servicesa) What ICT services are available to young people of your age in this community/county?

Probe for internet, phone, TV, radio, computer, resource centres, librariesb) What services do the young people of your age seek for? (Facebook, twitter)

c) What are their preferred services?d) What type of information are the young persons looking for from these ICT services?e) What do they use the information for?f) What challenges do young people of your age face in accessing ICT services in this community/county?g) What can be done to improve access to ICT services?4. Organizations (public and private) addressing economic opportunities for the young persons

a) What are the key organizations/people that are addressing youth economic empowerment in this community/county?

Probe role of MFIs, CDF, business innovation and incubation centres, talent identification and nurturing centres, apprenticeship, industrial attachment and internshipsb) What services are they providing?c) What are your views about the efforts being made by the organizations to address economic issues affecting young persons in this community/county?NOTE: If persons are mentioned in 4(a) follow-up with Supervisor/Mobilizer for name of the organizations

5. Potential areas that can increase employment and income opportunities (Industrialization and trade issues)

a) What are the potential investment areas that can promote job creation and income for the youth in this community/county? List 5 key areasMODULE 4: GOVERNANCE Introduction: We are now going to discuss about governance in this community/county. This discussion will assist to understand the current situation of governance practices of this community/county, the challenges encountered and how these can be improved in order for young people to effectively contribute to development with particular focus to health, education and the economy.NOTE for RA: Governance refers to the process through which systems are managed from within and without. It encompasses how policies interact, how courts operate, and participation of the public in the planning and implementation of projects/programmes, fairness in distribution of resources, whether the implementers are accountable and transparent and whether the results are achieved with integrity and optimization of resources1. Rule of law

a) Justice systemi. What are the main cases that are prevalent in this community/county?

Probe for land disputes, crime,

ii. How would you describe the process of solving cases, disputes in this community/county? Probe for traditional systems, out of court settlement, Kangaroo courts

iii. What challenges does this community experience in solving the disputes and cases?

iv. What ways can be applied to address these challenges?

b) Securityi. How would you describe the security situation in this community/county?

ii. What mechanisms are in place to ensure there is security for everybody?

iii. What roles do young people of your age play in maintaining security?

iv. What challenges exist in ensuring security for all in this community/county?

v. How best can the community address these challenges?

c) Administration

i. How would you describe the administrative structures in this community/county? (the roles, effectiveness) Probe for formal and traditional structures

ii. What roles do young people play in administration, management committees, public affairs in this community/county?

iii. What challenges do young people face in engaging with administration or management structures in this community/county? iv. How can these challenges be addressed?

d) Cohesioni. What are the issues/challenges that affect unity of the people of your age in this community/county?

ii. What interventions are there in place to promote unity among the people of your age? iii. What more needs to be done to promote unity among the people in this community/county?

NOTE: If No Interventions in (ii) probe what needs to be done to promote unity among the people in this community/county?

2. Transparency and accountability

a) What mechanisms are in place to inform young people on planned/ongoing activities in this community/county?

Probe for service delivery charter

Probe whether information about projects, bursaries, tenders are put on public notice boards

Probe for suggestion boxes

Probe for public forums

Probe for barazas/community meetings

Probe for media

b) What are the mechanisms in place to ensure accountability and transparency? Probe for disciplinary action

Resignation

Stepping aside for investigation

c) How can these mechanisms be improved?

3. Consensus, equity, inclusiveness, participation and responsivenessa) How are youth involved in project identification, design and implementation in this community/county? b) How do projects/programmes address the young peoples needs?

c) How do the opportunities that exist ensure that they serve those who deserve?

Probe for Gender, age, PWDs

d) What roles would young people LIKE to play in projects/programmes in this community/county?

e) What are the challenges that young persons face during their involvement in project implementation in the community/county?f) How can young peoples involvement in project process be improved?

4. Effectiveness and efficiency

a) How are the available resources allocated to target the young people in this community/county?

b) What mechanisms are in place to ensure resources are used to achieve the expected outcomes?

c) What can be done to improve efficiency and effectiveness in utilization of resources to meet the needs of young people in this community/county?

5. Political Leadership

a) What role does political leadership play in the management of youth affairs in this community/county? Probe for resource allocation and utilization, employment, Health, Education, Economy

6. Population Structure

a) What do you think about the growing population of young people in relation to health, education, economy and governance?

Probe in relation to health status, access to health services


Probe in relation to economic, employment status, access to employment

Probe in relation to participation in governance issues (security, administration etc)

FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION GUIDE 3: AGES 20-24 YEARS FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION guide (FGD)

Introduction:



Confidentiality: You have been selected to participate in the survey because you come from this community/county. What you say is important and valuable and represents the views of your county.



Thank You.

MODULE 1: HEALTH


Now, we are going to discuss health issues affecting young persons of your age in this community/county. This discussion will help us understand the current local status of health and how these can be improved in order to contribute to development.

1. Health Issues Affecting Young Persons

a) What are the main health-issues affecting young persons of your age in this community/county? Probe for health problems e.g. unplanned pregnancy, HIV, STIs, SGBV, Mental health

b) How common are these health issues among the young persons? Probe for the health problems mentioned

Probe whether they know of friends or people who have been affected

Probe why these problems are commonc) How do these health issues affect the well-being of young persons of your age?d) How can these health issues/problems be addressed? Probe for possible ways the mentioned health problems can be dealt with? e.g. seeking for counselling services and health information, health talks

2. Availability and access to health information and services

a) What are the main sources of health information and services for young persons of your age in this community/county?b) What health information and services do young persons of your age in this community/county mainly access from these sources? Probe for sources mentioned for the health information and servicesc) How useful is the information and services?

d) How often do young persons of your age in this community/county access health information and services from these sources?e) What are the preferred sources of health information and services for young persons of your age in this community/county?f) What are the main Sexual Reproductive Health/ Family Planning (SRH/FP) information and services available and accessible to young persons in this community/county?g) What challenges do young persons in your community/county face in accessing SRH information and services? Probe for factors which act as barriers for young persons e.g. the health providers, and the facility infrastructure, the community, cost, time, and their fears.

h) In every community there are people living in difficult circumstances such as persons with disabilities, HIV positive, orphans etc. Do you have such people of your age in the community/county?

i) What health information and services are available for young persons with disabilities, HIV positive, orphans?

j) We have what we call youth friendly services. The provider is friendly, provider maintains confidentiality and privacy, environment is friendly to young people. About the health services and information available to young people, are they friendly to young persons? Explain your answer

Probe provider maintains confidentiality and privacy, environment is friendly to youthk) What are main challenges young persons of your age face in accessing health information and services in this community/county? Probe for the health providers, the facility infrastructure, the community, cost for services, time, their fears and concerns

Probe for specific challenges for people with disabilitiesl) How can these challenges be addressed?

Probe what needs to be done to make the health information and services friendlier to young persons in this community/county?

3. Organizations (public and private) addressing health issues of young persons

NOTE: Follow on health issues mentioned in 1 (a) a) In the health issues affecting young persons that you mentioned, which organizations/people address these issues? Probe what specific health issues do they address?

b) How have these organizations/people changed the health status of young persons in this community/county?c) What are your views about the efforts being made by the organizations/people to address health issues affecting young persons in this community/county?NOTE: If persons are mentioned in 3 (a) follow-up with Supervisor/Mobilizer for name of the organizations

4. Opportunities for improvement in healtha) What are the health information and services that are required by young people in this community/county but are not being provided? MODULE 2: EDUCATION Introduction: Now we are going to discuss education issues affecting young persons of your age in this community/county. This discussion will help us understand the current local status of education and how these can be improved in order to contribute to development.


a) What are the main issues affecting the education and training of young persons of your age in this community/county?

Probe for reporting time, absenteeism for both students and teachers

Probe for drug and substance abuse for both students and teachers Probe for reasons for drug and substance abuse?

b) How have these issues affected their education and training?c) How common are these issues? Probe why are these issues common?

d) Are there young persons of your age who have never attended tertiary institutions or have dropped out of these institutions? If YES, probe why?

Probe for costs, unplanned pregnancy, marriage, poverty, cultural practices, gender discrimination IF NO in (d), Probe for the facilitating factors of attendance in tertiary institutions2. Availability and accessibility of education servicesa. What are your views about the availability and accessibility of tertiary institutions in this community/county? b. Are there tertiary institutions in this community/county that have facilities for students with special needs? Probe for physically challenged, Intellectually challenged, visually impaired, hearing challenged, communication disorders, exceptionally talented/gifted

c. Are there adequate learning facilities in the institutions?

Probe for halls, desks/chairs, dormitories, laboratories, libraries, learning materials

Probe for electricity, water, toilets/latrines

d. Are there differences between males and females in accessing tertiary institutions? If YES, Probe for the differences in gender Probe why there are differences

3. Access to ICT services in Tertiary Institutionsa) What ICT services are available for young persons in tertiary institutions/community?

Probe for computer classes, cyber cafes

Probe for computer lessons or units Probe for computer resource Centres / computer libraries Probe for computer lessons for learners with special needs 4. What are your views about the content of the curricular taught in the learning institutions and the requirement in the prevailing job market?

5. Are there opportunities for young persons to gain skills in this community/county? If YES,

Probe for apprenticeship, internship or mentorship opportunities

Probe how relevant does the apprenticeship, internship or mentorship that young persons receive prepare them for the prevailing job market?

If there are NO opportunities in (5), probe why?

Probe what can be done to create opportunities6. Organizations (public and private) addressing education and training challenges of young persons NOTE: Follow on the education and training issues mentioned in 1 (a) a) What organizations/people address education and training challenges of young persons of your age in this community/county? Probe what specific education and training challenges do they address?

b) What are your views about the efforts being made by the organizations/people to address challenges affecting the education and training of young persons in this community/county?

NOTE: If persons are mentioned in 4 (a) follow-up with Supervisor/Mobilizer for name of the organization

7. Opportunities for investment in education and training

a) What more needs to be done to address the challenges affecting the education and training?

MODULE 3: ECONOMICIntroduction: Now we are going to discuss economic issues affecting young persons of your age in this community/county. This discussion will help us understand the current economic activities by the young persons.1. Issues affecting access to employment and income opportunitiesa) In what economic activities are young persons of your age commonly engaged in this community/county? Probe if they earn income from the work they do. If not, probe Why

b) What challenges do young people, both male and females of your age encounter in engaging in these economic activities?c) What do you think should be done to address these challenges?

2. Availability and access to employment and income opportunities

a) What are the main employment and income opportunities available for young persons of your age in this community/county?

Probe for employment opportunities

Probe for income generating opportunities.

b) What are the challenges affecting young persons of your age in accessing employment and income opportunities in this community/county?

Probe for their skills and labor market requirements

Probe for access to capital

Probe for registration, taxation, security, community cohesion, business ethics, attitudec) What are the interventions or programmes in place in this community/county to address youth unemployment?

Probe for UWEZO, AGPO, YEDF, WEF, NYS, Private sector support programsd) How have young persons benefited from these interventions in this community/county?

e) What are the challenges in accessing these interventions?

f) What can be done to address these challenges?

3. Availability and access to ICT services

a) What ICT services are available to young people of your age in this community/county?

Probe for internet, phone, TV, radio, computer, resource centres, librariesb) What services do the young people of your age seek for? (Facebook, twitter)c) What type of information are the young persons looking for from these ICT services?d) What do they use the information for?e) What challenges do young people of your age face in accessing ICT services in this community/county?f) What can be done to address these challenges?4. Organizations (public and private) addressing economic opportunities for the young personsa) What are the key organizations/people that are addressing youth economic empowerment in this community/county?

Probe role of MFIs, CDF, business innovation and incubation centres, talent identification and nurturing centres, apprenticeship, industrial attachment and internshipsb) What services are they providing?c) What are your views about the efforts being made by the organizations/people to address economic issues affecting young persons in this community/county?NOTE: If persons are mentioned in 5 (a) follow-up with Supervisor/Mobilizer for name of the organizations

5. Potential areas that can increase employment and income opportunities (Industrialization and trade issues)

a) What are the potential investment areas that can promote job creation and income for the youth in this community/county? List 5 key areasMODULE 4: GOVERNANCE Introduction: We are now going to discuss about governance in this community/county. This discussion will assist to understand the current situation of governance practices of the county, the challenges encountered and how these can be improved in order to enable young people of your age to effectively contribute to development with particular focus to health, education and the economy.

NOTE RAs: Governance refers to the process through which systems are managed from within and without. It encompasses how policies interact, how courts operate, and participation of the public in the planning and implementation of projects/programmes, fairness in distribution of resources, whether the implementers are accountable and transparent and whether the results are achieved with integrity and optimization of resources1. Rule of law

a) Justice systemi. What are the main cases that are prevalent in this community/county?

Probe for land disputes, crime,

ii. How would you describe the process of solving cases, disputes in this community/county? Probe for traditional systems, out of court settlement, Kangaroo courts

iii. What challenges does this community experience in solving the disputes and cases?

iv. What ways can be applied to address these challenges?

b) Securityi. How would you describe the security situation in this community/county?

ii. What mechanisms are in place to ensure there is security for everybody?

iii. What roles do young people of your age play in maintaining security?

iv. What challenges exist in ensuring security for all in this community/county?

v. How best can the community address these challenges?

c) Administration

i. How would you describe the administrative structures in this community/county? (the roles, effectiveness) Probe for: Formal and

Traditional structures

ii. What roles do young people of your age play in administration, management committees, public affairs in this community/county?

iii. What challenges do young people face in engaging with administration or management structures in this community/county? iv. How can these challenges be addressed?

e) Cohesioni. What are the issues or challenges that affect unity of the people in this community/county?

ii. What programmes are there in place to promote unity among the people?

iii. What more needs to be done to promote unity among the people in this community/county?

NOTE: If No programmes in (ii) probe what needs to be done to promote unity among the people in this community/county?

2. Transparency and accountability

a) What mechanisms are in place to inform young people on planned/ongoing activities in this community/county?

Probe for service delivery charter

Probe whether information about projects, bursaries, tenders are put on public notice boards

Probe for suggestion boxes

Probe for public forums

Probe for barazas/community meetings

Probe for media

b) What are the mechanisms in place to ensure accountability and transparency? Probe for disciplinary action

Resignation

Stepping aside for investigation

c) How can these mechanisms be improved?

3. Consensus, equity, inclusiveness, participation and responsivenessa) How are young persons of your age involved in budget process, project identification, design and implementation in this community/county? b) What roles would young persons of your age LIKE to play in projects/programmes in this community? c) How do projects/programmes address the young peoples needs?

d) How do the opportunities that exist ensure that they serve those who deserve?

Probe by gender, age, persons with disabilities (PWDs)e) What are the challenges that young persons face during their involvement in project implementation in the community/county?f) How can young peoples involvement in project process be improved?

4. Effectiveness and efficiency

a) How are the available resources allocated to target the young people in this community/county?

b) What mechanisms are in place to ensure resources are used to achieve the expected outcomes?

c) What can be done to improve efficiency and effectiveness in utilization of resources to meet the needs of young people in this community/county?

5. Political Leadership

a) What role does political leadership play in the management of youth affairs in this community/county? Probe for resource allocation and utilization, employment, Health, Education, Economy

6. Population Structure

In conclusion, what do you think about the growing population of young people in relation to health, education, economic status and governance?

Probe in relation to health status, access to health services


Probe in relation to economy, employment status, access to employment

Probe in relation to participation in governance issues (security, administration etc)

FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION GUIDE 4:AGES 25-34 YEARS

FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION guide (FGD)

Introduction:

Good morning/afternoon. My name is ________________ am joined by my colleague/s _______________, ___________________. We are working with National Council for Population and Development (NCPD). NCPD in collaboration with the Ministry of Health (MOH), Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MOEST), Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS), Directorate of Youth Affairs and others partners is carrying out a survey on young persons at the county level.


Confidentiality: You have been selected to participate in the survey because you come from this community/county. What you say is important and valuable and represents the views of your county.



Thank You.

MODULE 1: HEALTH


Now we are going to discuss health issues affecting young persons of your age 25-34 years in this community/county. This discussion will help us understand the current local status of health and how these can be improved in order to contribute to development.


a) What are the main health-issues affecting young people of your age in this community/county? Probe for health problems e.g. pregnancy, HIV, STIs, SGBV, Mental health b) How common are these health issues among the young persons? Probe for mentioned health problems c) How do these health issues affect the well-being of young persons of your age?d) How can these health issues/problems be addressed? Probe for possible ways the mentioned health problems can be dealt with? e.g. seeking for counselling services and health information, health talks

2. Availability and access to health information and services

a) What are the main sources of health information and services for young persons of your age in this community/county?b) What health information and services do young persons of your age in this community/county mainly access from these sources? Probe for sources mentioned for the health information and services

c) How often do young persons of your age in this community/county access health information and services from these sources?d) What are the preferred sources of health information and services for young persons of your age in this community/county?e) What are the main Sexual Reproductive Health/ Family Planning (SRH/FP) information and services available and accessible to young persons in this community/county?f) What challenges do young persons of your age face in accessing SRH information and services? Probe for factors which act as barriers for young persons of your age e.g. the health providers, and the facility infrastructure, the community, cost, time, and their fears.

g) In every community there are people living in difficult circumstances such as persons with disabilities, HIV positive, orphans etc. Do you have such people of your age in the community/county?

h) What health information and services are available for young persons with disabilities, HIV positive, orphans?

i) We have what we call youth friendly services. The provider is friendly, provider maintains confidentiality and privacy, environment is friendly to young people) Have you heard about youth friendly services in this community/county? About the health services and information available to young people, are they friendly to young persons? Explain your answer Probe provider maintains confidentiality and privacy, environment is friendly to youthm) What are main challenges young persons of your age face in accessing health information and services in this community/county? Probe for the health providers, the facility infrastructure, the community, cost of services, time, their fears and concerns

n) How can these challenges be addressed? Probe what needs to be done to make the health information and services friendlier to young persons in this community/county?3. Organizations (public and private) addressing health issues of young persons NOTE: Follow on the health issues mentioned in 1 (a) a) In the health issues affecting young persons that you have mentioned, which organizations/people address these issues? Probe what specific health issues do they address?

b) How have these organizations/people changed the health status of young persons in this community/county?c) What are your views about the efforts being made by the organizations/people to address health issues affecting young persons in this community/county?NOTE: If persons are mentioned in 3 (a) follow-up with Supervisor/Mobilizer for name of the organization4. Opportunities for improvement in Healtha) What are the health information and services that are required by young people of your age in this community/county but are not being provided? MODULE 2: EDUCATION Introduction: Now we are going to discuss education issues affecting young persons of your age 25-34 years in this community/county. This discussion will help us understand the current local status of education and how these can be improved in order to contribute to development.

1. Education issues affecting young persons age 25-34a) What are the main issues affecting the education and training of young persons in this community/county?

Probe for drug and substance abuse in the in

1. Master RESEARCH MANUAL April 15 Milele.doc

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