1 Mapping of the Airspace Systems Program to the JPDO NGATS 2025 Capability Requirements Presentation to the ARAC Airspace Systems Program Subcommittee.

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Mapping of the Airspace Systems Program to the JPDO NGATS 2025 Capability

Requirements

Presentation to the ARAC Airspace Systems Program Subcommittee

Robert A. Jacobsen, Program Manager

John A. Cavolowsky, Dep. Prog. Mgr for Technical Integration

August 4, 2005

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Primary Purpose of the Analysis

To understand the degree of alignment between the ASP to the NGATS Curb-to-Curb capabilities requirements.

- This is a “bottoms up” mapping.

To assist in realigning and reprioritizing the ASP to be more fully supportive of the JPDO.

- This is a work in progress.

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ASP/NGATS Observations• ASP is reviewing its activities relative to NGATS requirements.

– Much of NASA’s current and proposed research is directly relevant to the NGATS concepts even though the vocabulary may not appear so.

• The core of the ATM process in the future NGATS concept is the “evaluator concept.”– This is a direct derivative of the Traffic Flow Management/Strategic

Management activities underway and planned by ASP.– Shared responsibility and controller human factors are key research elements.

• Not all ASP research is directly targeted to NGATS, but most of it is.– Analysis of promising automation concepts and technology to take forward for

further development and demonstration in support of NGATS/JPDO goals and objectives.

– Prototype software that can be extended for operational demonstration of transformed NAS operations.

• ASP’s TNAS program augmentation is focused on the longer term concepts of strategic ATC/ATM.

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Highly in

tegrated & automated

Highly integrated &

automated

ATM system

ATM system

Leve

l of

Sys

tem

Cap

abili

ty

Individual DST Development for Focused Applications

Integration of DSTs for more

Efficient Operations

New Transformational Operations & Advanced Capabilities in Specific

Airspace Domains

Seamless Mixed-Operations Across Airspace Domains

Near Term Far Term

Decision support tools to operate

within today’s framework

NAS Transformation New Ways of Operating to Meet New Needs for Air Mobility

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Mapping and Analysis Observations

• Many R&D activities map to many NGATS 2025 capability requirements. – Current project portfolio is not organized to provide clearly

understandable applicability to NGATS 2025.

• We have conducted several ASP mapping analyses.– NGATS 2025 Capabilities PRIMARY

– Agile Air Traffic System IPT Action Plan

– ASP independent R&D requirements assessment

• How does this help to restructure ASP project elements?– An alignment with a functional architecture may be a better

approach.

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JPDO C2C Capabilities

•Network-Enabled Information Access

•Performance-Based Services

•Layered, Adaptive Security

•Weather Assimilation into Decisions

•Broad-Area Precision Navigation

•Aircraft Trajectory-Based Operations

•“Equivalent Visual” Operations

•Expanded Airport Operations with “Super Density”

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Sample JPDO C2C Expanded Capabilities Net-Enabled Information Access

C2C Capabilities

1. Net-enabled info access

a. Creation of network-centric architecture standards and protocols

b. Definition of appropriate dissemination and the use of information, accounting for safety, security, and mission criticalities c. Determination of architectures that optimize reliability, scalability, and cost in the air transportation, communication, navigation, and surveillance environments d. Ground-to-ground information sharing

i. Integrated surveillance system across government

ii. Timely info (weather, safety, security) from private, commercial, & government sources

iii. Network allowing for facility consolidation (with careful and early attention given to creating effective policy for consolidation) e. Air-to-ground & ground-to-air information sharing

i. Aircraft position and intent

ii. Clearance and 4D trajectories

iii. Weather info

f. Air-to-air information sharing to support

i. Cockpit situational awareness

ii. Conflict resolution

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Sample Detailed Mapping of ASP Projects to C2C Capabilities

C2C Capabilities Related ASP Projects & Sub Projects

1. Net-enabled info access a. Creation of network-centric architecture standards and protocols

SBT - MCNASBT - ICNSISBT - CA - S/C, SDSBT-FCS-GISBT-ICNSI-AS

b. Definition of appropriate dissemination and the use of information, accounting for safety, security, and mission criticalities c. Determination of architectures that optimize reliability, scalability, and cost in the air transportation, communication, navigation, and surveillance environments

SBT - CA - AO

d. Ground-to-ground information sharing SBT - STC - SWN i. Integrated surveillance system across government ii. Timely info (weather, safety, security) from private, commercial, & government sources iii. Network allowing for facility consolidation (with careful and early attention given to creating effective policy for consolidation) e. Air-to-ground & ground-to-air information sharing SBT - FCS - Next Gen

SBT - SatcomERSBT - ICNSI - GA/GNSBT - MCNASBT - CNS Tech - VHFSBT - CA - AO - AICSBT - STC - TAC

i. Aircraft position and intent SBT - MCNA ii. Clearance and 4D trajectories SBT - MCNA iii. Weather info SBT - MCNA f. Air-to-air information sharing to support SBT - FCS

SBT - MMDAEAS - AFM

i. Cockpit situational awareness SBT - MMDAEAS - AFM

ii. Conflict resolution EAS - AFM

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Top Level Mapping of ASP Projects to C2C Capabilities

1. Net-enabled information access

• Space-Based Technology– Mobile Communications Network

Architecture

– Integrated CNS Infrastructures: Aviation Spectrum; Global Ground/Air Network

– Future Communication Study: Next Generation Communications; Global Interoperability

– Satellite Based CNS: Satcom for Enroute

• Efficient Aircraft Spacing– Airborne Separation: Autonomous Flight

Management

C2C Capabilities Related ASP Projects & Sub-projects

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2. Performance-based services

• Space-Based Technology– Satellite Based CNS: Oceanic CNS

• Strategic Airspace Usage– Collaborative Traffic Management

• Efficient Aircraft Spacing– Airborne Separation: Enhanced

Oceanic Operations

• UAV in the NAS


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3. Layered, adaptive security

4. Weather assimilated into decisions

5. Broad-area precision navigation

• Out of ASP Scope

• Virtual Airspace Modeling and Simulation

– System Level Integrated Concepts: Operational Concepts; All Weather Concepts, System-wide blended Concept

• Spaced-Based Technology– CNS Technology: Advanced CNS

Technologies


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6. Aircraft trajectory-based operations

• Virtual Airspace Modeling and Simulation– System Level Integrated

Concepts: System Wide Optimization, Advanced Airspace Concept, Point-to-Point, Surface Operation Automation Research Concept, Terminal Area Capacity Enhancing Concept, All Weather Concept, System-wide Blended Concept

• Strategic Airspace Usage– Oceanic Tailored Arrivals– System-wide Evaluation and Planning Tool

• Efficient Flight Path Management– Advanced Routing: Integrated Trajectory

Management; Tactical Conflict Detection and Resolution

– Enroute Descent Advisor– Multi-facility Traffic Management

• Efficient Aircraft Spacing– Shared Separation: Trajectory Oriented

Operations with Limited Delegation


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7. “Equivalent visual” operations


– System Level Integrated Concepts: Operational Concepts; Point-to-Point Automated Airports, Surface Operation Automation Research Concept, Metron Surface concept, System-wide Blended Concept

• Satellite-Based Technologies– Integrated CNS Infrastructures:

Transitional Architecture

• Small Aircraft Transportation System– Higher Volume Operations– Lower Landing Minima

• Efficient Aircraft Spacing– Airborne Precision Spacing– Autonomous Flight Management


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8. Expanded airport operations with “Super Density”


– System Level Integrated Concepts: Point-to-Point, Wake Vortex Avoidance System, Terminal Area Capacity Enhancing Concept, System-wide Blended Concept

• Strategic Airspace Usage– Oceanic Tailored Arrivals

• Efficient Flight Path Management– Enroute Descent Advisor– Multi-facility Traffic Management

• Efficient Aircraft Spacing– Wake Vortex Solutions– Shared Separation: Trajectory Oriented

Operations with Limited Delegation


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Alignment Results:Areas of Good Alignment

• By the numbers, ASP alignment with NGATS 2025 Capabilities is strong.

• 46 of 52 ASP Projects/Sub-Projects align directly to a C2C capability

• Most projects/sub-projects that do not align directly to a C2C capability are required to support other ASP projects that in turn directly support the C2C Capabilities. For example:

• VAMS VAST sub-project (ACES)

• Human Measures and Performance

• Difficult to determine the extent of achievement of the capability

• Further definition of functional elements needed to evaluate

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Alignment Results:Potential Areas for Augmentation (examples)

• Net-enabled information access• Ground to ground information sharing

• Performance-based services• Multiple levels of service• Allow flexibility to varying situations and needs• Performance-based standards for cooperative surveillance and communication

• Broad-area precision navigation• Satellite-based navigation primary for en route and terminal area• Basis for cooperative surveillance and reduced separation standards • Alternatives to GPS/GNSS for primary means of precision navigation

• Aircraft Trajectory Based Operations• 4D trajectories for the basis for planning and execution of aircraft operations in the airspace and on the surface• Common 4D geo-spatial information system• Dynamic Airspace design• Determination of the appropriate incremental insertion of tomorrow’s 4D planning and evaluation into today’s system• Determination of responsibilities between aircraft operators and service providers• Mission criticality and backup requirements

• Super Density Operations• Reduced runway occupancy time• Two aircraft on runway simultaneously

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ASP Independent R&D Requirement Assessments

• ASP needed to begin identification of JPDO NGATS requirements in advance of JPDO agendas (for agency budget planning activities).

• ASP initiated two efforts to identify R&D needs stemming from earlier forms of JPDO planning documents– Agile ATS Action Plan

– Earliest NGATS Architecture and Block-to-Block Capabilities

Interesting and consistent results, but not straight forward to use for program restructure.

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Example of AATS IPT Derived Research Req’tsArea: Explore 4D traffic flow management concepts

Scope and Characteristics:

o Gate-to-gate conflict free 4D trajectories and 4D contracts including separation assurance

o Integrated with SUA, TFR, and Homeland Security requirements

• Determine the stability over time, of iterations of negotiated, optimal, conflict free trajectory contracts in various domains.

• Determine how to accommodate the ability of various aircraft types and capabilities to meet 4D contracts.

• Determine the allowable variance in meeting 4D contracts.

• Determine how to monitor compliance with 4D contract.

• Determine the feasibility and policy implications of guarantees of service based on meeting 4D contracts.

• Determine the utility and role of time-based metering at all major terminal areas.

• Determine capabilities achieved over a look ahead range of 330 days to 20 minutes

• Determine the role for 4D trajectory management in specialized airspace (e.g., super high airspace; skyways)

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Key Categories of Research from NGATS Architecture and Block-to-Block Capabilities• Optimizer/Evaluator Research• CNS Research• Human Factors Research• Vehicles• Security• Airspace Structure• SWIM• Surface Operations• Weather• Flight-deck Situational Awareness• Wake Vortex• Affordable Avionics• Policy

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Optimizer/Evaluator Research

• Profile generation/algorithm software development– Planning for optimizing all future 4D Trajectories

• Sequencing• Separation

– Optimizing all active 4D Trajectories in real time (with respect to user needs)– Accounting and predicting of the impact of weather– Accounting and predicting the impact of system capacity and demand at any instant of time

• Ground• In-flight

– Accounting for aircraft performance• Information Management Capability

– Database management• Data Sources and availability• Data fusion• Information exchange formats• Accessibility• Latency

– Manner in which user interaction occurs• Automatic user interaction/negotiation

– Pre-flight– In-flight

– System Robustness and Security• Fault management

– Transition strategies – Quality Assurance

• Operational metrics

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CNS Research

• Optimized GNSS– Total satellite system design to support concept (GPS IV)

• Numbers, performance, avionics, etc, etc• ADS-B system

– Affordable avionics and ground system• Digital Communications

– System choice • concept, modulation, frequency, security. • Spectrum, International acceptance, compatibility• Affordable avionics and ground system

• Transition Planning– Facilities

• Manned, Unmanned• Ground based, space based

– Mixed equipage• Information display and I/O processes

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Human Factors• Management By Exception Operations

– Human and automation interaction/roles and responsibilities– Workload for pilot and controller– Strategy to recover from partial and full system problems/failures– Identify attributes/characteristics/capabilities of future controllers

• Situational awareness and information display needs and systems to support the controller, pilot, airlines, public, users, etc.

– Ground based – Flight planning– In-flight

• Preflight and in-flight processes for interacting with users– Information flow, timeliness, display, and processes– Automatic filing/negotiation

• Decision Support Tools– Cockpit– Service providers– Other users

• Transition• Fault management • Facilities

– Number, kind and distribution

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NATIONAL AIRSPACE OPTIMIZERNATIONAL AIRSPACE OPTIMIZER

NGATS FUNCTIONAL FLOWNGATS FUNCTIONAL FLOW

NCI Data Base

Traffic Information

Weather Information

SUA Status & Plans

Infrastructure Status & Plans

Security Information

Surveillance & Track Data

A/G Communications

NCI Data Base

Traffic Information

Weather Information

SUA Status & Plans




A/G Communications

Traffic Statistics

Weather Information


Optional 4 - D Trajectory Contract Offers

4 - D Trajectory Request

Accepted Trajectory Contract

Passenger

Cargo

GA

Business

Military

Ground - Based Users

Flight Dispatch & Flight Planning

Ramp Management

Gate Management

Ground - Based Users

Flight Dispatch & Flight Planning

Ramp Management

Gate Management

Traffic Managers

(Airspace & Traffic Flow)

Airport & Airspace Configuration Monitoring

Trajectory/Traffic - Flow Monitoring

General System Oversight

Management by Exception

Traffic Managers

(Airspace & Traffic Flow)

Airport & Airspace Configuration Monitoring

Trajectory/Traffic - Flow Monitoring

General System Oversight

Management by Exception

Aircraft Managers

(Airborne & Surface Controllers)

Trajectory Contract Conformance Monitoring

Control by Exception

Aircraft Managers

(Airborne & Surface Controllers)

Trajectory Contract Conformance Monitoring

Control by Exception

SatNav

Flight Deck Users

(Pilots & Automation)

4 - D Contract Execution (Gate - to - Gate)

Maneuvers by Exception

Flight Deck Users

(Pilots & Automation)

4 - D Contract Execution (Gate - to - Gate)

Maneuvers by Exception

A/c Equipage :

ADS - B

Datalink

TCAS

RNAV

Wx Radar

DSS

FMS

Assigned Trajectory

Nonconformance Alerts & Decision Options

Airspace & Traffic Situation Information

Weather Information


A/G Communications

ADS - B Position

Weather Report

Trajectory Change Requests

Airport/Airspace Configuration

Nonconformance Alerts & Decision Options

A/G Communications


Weather Information

Traffic Statistics

Nonconformance Decision

A/G Communications

Exception Resolution

Airport & Airspace Configuration

Trajectory Planning

Traffic Statistics

Weather Information



TFM Decision “ Override ”

Exception Resolution

ADS - B

Position

Status

Separation

Other

Aircraft

DoD

DHS

Mexico

Canada

International

Commercial Space

Internet

Weather

Network Centric Information

Data Base, Voice & Data Communications, and Technical System Man agement

PLANNING EXECUTION

PLANNING EXECUTION

Planning

Optimization Function

Airport Configurations

Airspace Configuration

4 - D Trajectory Planning & Deconfliction

Demand Scheduling

Capacity Allocation

Planning

Optimization Function

Airport Configurations

Airspace Configuration

4 - D Trajectory Planning & Deconfliction

Demand Scheduling

Capacity Allocation

Real - Time

Processing Function

Separation Assurance (Trajectory Revisions)

Nonconformance Alerts

Trajectory Change Requests Analysis

Real - Time

Processing Function

Separation Assurance (Trajectory Revisions)

Nonconformance Alerts

Trajectory Change Requests Analysis

SatComm

SatComm

Alignment with a functional architecture may be a better approach

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Crown Consulting, Incorporated1

Next - Generation Air Transportation System

NATIONAL AIRSPACE OPTIMIZERNATIONAL AIRSPACE OPTIMIZER

PLANNING EXECUTION

SITUATION ANALYSIS INTERFACE

(User Selectable)

Flight Deck

Traffic Managers

Aircraft Managers

PLANNING INTERFACE

(User Selectable)

Traffic Managers

Pre - departure Users*

NATIONAL AIRSPACE OPTIMIZER

CAPACITY MODULE

(Rolling Module)

Airports

Airspace

Infrastructure (Satellites, etc.)

DEMAND/CAPACITY OPTIMIZER

4 - D Scheduling Algorithm:

Provides long time horizon conflict - free

trajectories that optimize flow based on

negotiated rules, subject to capacity

constraints

Baseline

Weather

Outages

Arrival/Departure Rates

Fleet Mix

DemandAvailable

Capacity

Exceptions

Resolution

Accept Contract

Exceptions

4 - D Options

& Contracts

4 - D Pilot Requests

A/C Position (ADS - B)

* Pre - departure Users

Passenger

Cargo

General Aviation

Business

Military

Accept Contract

Exceptions

4 - D Options

& Contracts

PLANNING EXECUTION

Non - Conformance and Exceptional

Situation Problem Solver

Provides new 4 - D trajectories to fix short

range conflicts due to non - conformance

and in response to pilot requests

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Backup Material

1 Mapping of the Airspace Systems Program to the JPDO NGATS 2025 Capability Requirements Presentation to the ARAC Airspace Systems Program Subcommittee.

Documents

ngats requirements

jpdo ngats

ngats concepts

ngats curb

asp research

future ngats concept

air information sharingi

ground ground