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Jan 19, 2016
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•Living things need energy Living things need energy to survive and function.to survive and function.
•You get the energy you You get the energy you need from the food you eat.need from the food you eat.
•Where does that energy Where does that energy come from?come from?
•Sun Sun Plants Plants You !!! You !!!
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• You must eat food to get You must eat food to get energy (you are a energy (you are a heterotroph).heterotroph).– When you breakdown When you breakdown
your food you store the your food you store the energy in the bonds of energy in the bonds of ATP.ATP.
• Plants can make their Plants can make their own food (they are own food (they are autotrophs).autotrophs).– Plants store sunlight Plants store sunlight
energy in the chemical energy in the chemical bonds of glucose (a bonds of glucose (a carbohydrate).carbohydrate).
glucose
ATP 33
ATP: Energy StorageATP: Energy StorageWHAT IS ATP? WHAT IS ATP? • Universal Energy
Molecule• The cell’s
“Energy Bank”• Adenosine
Triphosphate (ATP)
• Consist of Consist of – a sugar called
ribose– N containing
Adenine– Three phosphate
groups
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ATPAdenine Ribose 3 Phosphate groups
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When the energy is used theWhen the energy is used the ATP ATP is converted into ADPADP
Partiallychargedbattery
Fullychargedbattery
P
P
ADPADP ATPATP
CLIP
The Bonds between the phosphate groups in ATP are VERY HIGH ENERGY.When a phosphate group is removed-energy is released
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Using ATP in Active Transport Animation
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ATP• Cell can make
ATP from ADP by using the energy from carbohydrates.
• This means that the energy in carbohydrates is then stored in ATP until needed by cells.
Breaking down Carbohydrates releases energy
ADPATP
Energy from the Carbohydrates is stored
in ATP!!!
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CLIP
. ATP is the major energy link between energy-using and energy releasing
reactions.
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glucose
Trapping Energy 1010
Clip
•Use– sunlight, carbon
dioxide & water
•Produce – high energy high energy
carbohydratescarbohydrates such as sugars (glucose) &starches.
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants:
Plants store sunlight energy
in Glucose!
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Clip
Where does Where does photosynthesis photosynthesis take place?take place?
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Leaf StructureLeaf StructurePhotosynthesis Location:
The leaves of plants:a.stomatab.cells
StomataCellChloroplast
CO2
Goes in
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Section 23-4
Epidermis
Stomata
Guardcells
The Internal Structure of a LeafCO2 enters through the stomata
Chloroplasts
CO2
Goes in
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Let’s go look at leaves……
ChloroplastsChloroplasts are only found in are only found in photosynthetic, eukaryotic cells. photosynthetic, eukaryotic cells.
Using the energy from the sunlight, chloroplasts are able to
formform ATP as well as synthesizing sugars from H20 & CO2.
Chloroplast Structure 1515
ChloroplastChloroplastOrganelleOrganelle where photosynthesisphotosynthesis takes
place.
Thylakoid
StromaOuter Membrane
Inner Membrane
Chloroplast Structure 1616
Chloroplast Picture
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Chloroplast Structure
Things to know about Chloroplasts
1. Have a double membranedouble membrane the inner membrane the outer membrane
2. Have their own DNAown DNA this carries the information to make the enzymes
18.118.1
1. Have a double membranedouble membrane the inner membrane the outer membrane
2. Have their own DNAown DNA this carries the information to make the enzymes 3. Have their own ribosomesown ribosomes more like
the ribosomes of prokaryotes than eukaryotes make their own enzymesmake their own enzymes required for photosynthesis require carbon dioxide and water produce glucose
4. Contain chlorophyllchlorophyll this green chemical (pigment) "traps" sunlight energy
Things to know about Chloroplasts
18.218.2
Pigments are
molecules that absorb light energy
• Plants absorb certain wavelengths of light.
• Blue and Red.• Pigments are
molecules that absorb light.
• Main pigment is Chlorophyll.
• When they absorb light, they are absorbing EnergyEnergy.
b
a
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Photosynthesis: Products Photosynthesis: Products &Reactants&Reactants
CO2 + H2OChloroplast
Light Energy
Glucose & O2
2020
SUNSUN
Formula For Formula For PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis
•6 _____ + 6 ______ +__________
______ + ______
Reactants
Products
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Photosynthesis Takes Place in 2 Steps.
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Step 1:Step 1: Light Dependent Light Dependent ReactionReaction. .
– Energy capturedEnergy captured from Sunlight.
– HH22O is splitO is split into H+, electrons, & Oxygen (O2).
– The O2 diffuses out of the Chloroplasts.
– MADE:MADE: O2 , ATP & NADPH.
– Takes place:Takes place: Thylakoid
2323The light reaction is the photo part of photosynthesis.
–The Chemical Energy Stored in ATP and NADPH is used to make Glucose using CO2.
–This is a light independent reaction.
–MADE:MADE: Glucose–Takes place:Takes place: Stroma
Step 2:Step 2: Light IndependentIndependent Reaction (CALVIN CYCLE).
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Sunlight Water
Oxygen
The Calvin cycle is the synthesis part of photosynthesis.
ATP
NADPH
Step 1:Step 1: Light Dependent Light Dependent ReactionReaction
This process is known as carbon
fixation.
Chloroplast
Water
O2
Sugars
CO2
Light-Dependent Reactions
CalvinCycle
NADPH
ATP
ADP + PNADP+Chloroplast
Section 8-3
Photosynthesis: An Overview
Go to Section:
LIGHT REACTION DARK REACTION-Light Independent
Thylakoid Membrane Stroma
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SUNLIGHTSUNLIGHT
Photosynthesis
Occurs in two Occurs in two StepsSteps
Light dependent Reaction
Dark Reaction/
Calvin Cycle
Oxygen
ATP
NADPH
Thylakoid
Membrane
Glucose Stroma
Produces
Produces
Occurs (location)
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Occurs (location)
6CO2 + 6H2O + energy from sunlight → C6H12O6 + 6O2
PLANTS STORE ENERGY FROM
THE SUN IN THE BONDS OF GLUCOSE GLUCOSE !!!!
CLI
P 2727
Where does each reactant enter the
plant??? 2828
•Once plants use light energy to form carbohydrates, other organisms, called Heterotrophs, can then use this carbohydrate energy for their own life processes.
•One way carbohydrate energy is used by organisms is through the process of cellular respiration.
Sun Sun Plants Plants You!! You!!2929
Major Conce
ptHow it’s
all connecte
d.
Cellular Respiration
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Cellular RespiratioCellular Respirationn
• Process that occurs in cells in which cells break down Glucose for ENERGY!
• Occurs in cytoplasm and Mitochondria.
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Breaking down food for energy.
Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration Overview:Overview:
• Plants are producers and make glucose by the process of photosynthesis.
• Heterotrophs breakdown glucose for energy.
• There are two important ways a cell can harvest energy from food: fermentation fermentation and cellular respiration. and cellular respiration.
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Breaking down food for energy.
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Cellular Respiration Takes Place in 3 Steps3 Steps.
Step 1: GlycolysisStep 1: GlycolysisStep 2: Krebs CycleStep 2: Krebs CycleStep 3: Electron TransportStep 3: Electron Transport
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Step 1: GlycolysisStep 1: Glycolysis• Means “Means “Splitting Splitting
GlucoseGlucose””
•GlycolysisGlycolysis starts with starts with GlucoseGlucose..
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–Glucose is broken downGlucose is broken down into 2 molecules into 2 molecules calledcalled Pyruvate Pyruvate (aka pyruvic acid(aka pyruvic acid )..
–Happens in theHappens in the CytoplasmCytoplasm..–ClipClip•Glycolysis does not
need oxygen!
Mitochondria AnatomyMitochondria Anatomy
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Steps 2 & 3 Occur in the Mitochondria 2 membranesOwn ribosomesOwn DNA
In the presence of Oxygen:In the presence of Oxygen:Step 2:Step 2: Krebs CycleStep 3:Step 3: Electron Transport• Happens in the
MitochondriaMitochondria• Starts with PyruvatePyruvate.
• Pyruvate moves into the mitochondria and is broken down into
COCO22,,HH22OO && ATPATP.
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Glucose
Glycolysis Krebs cycle
Electrontransport
Fermentation (without oxygen)
Alcohol or lactic acid
Cellular Respiration Review
Go to Section:
With oxygen
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36
Glucose
Glycolysis Krebs cycle
Electrontransport
Fermentation (without oxygen)
Alcohol or lactic acid
Breaking down glucose without oxygen
Go to Section:
With out oxygen
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EthanolandCarbon Dioxide
Lactic AcidPyruvic Acid
Fermentation• Without oxygen:Without oxygen: Pyruvate is
converted into Lactic AcidLactic Acid or AlcoholAlcohol during Fermentation.
• Lactic Acid- Muscle cells• Alcohol- Yeast
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• In the presence of oxygen:
1 Glucose is converted into 36 ATP.
• Without oxygen:
1 Glucose is converted into 2 ATP.
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C6H12O6 + 6 O2 => 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 36 ATP
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Photosynthesis Respiration
•produces food •stores energy •Uses H2O•uses CO2 •releases O2
•occurs in sunlight
•uses food •releases energy •Produces H2O•produces CO2 •uses O2
•occurs in the dark as well as light
Photosynthesis vs. RespirationPhotosynthesis vs. Respiration43
4444Energy Converters video. Click picture.
• Photosynthesis “they might be giants”