1 “Live as if you are going to die tomorrow learn as if you are going to live forever” Gandhi EQ’s What is Imperialism? How is Imperialism different.

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“Live as if you are going to die tomorrow learn as if you are going to live forever”• Gandhi

EQ’s• What is Imperialism? • How is Imperialism different from Colonialism?

SL 1-9 Map of Africa Analyze Maps

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1800 - 1914

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In the 16 and 1700’s the America’s and some of Asia was colonized by European countries.

In the 18 and early 1900’s these same European countries focused on Africa and Asia.

This started the period of Imperalism

Imperialism – the extension of a nations power over other lands• Ex: Britain controlled India

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They wanted to export Raw Materials from these lands and also sell their manufactured goods to them

1. Economic motives – Raw materials & markets

1. Raw Materials such as Rubber, Tin, Oil and Iron Ore

2. Rivalries – colonies = prestige3. Social Darwinism/ “White Mans Burden”

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Europeans and Americans were white, Africans were black, and Asians were oriental.

Racism – The idea that one race is superior to other races.

Social Darwinism – • Survival of the fittest• The belief that since

Europeans were the most civilized and industrialized, they were the fittest race

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“White Mans Burden” – The idea that Europeans – White Men – had the moral responsibility of civilizing inferior races.

Rudyard Kipling’s Jungle Book

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During the 17 And 1800’s Britain was the strongest country in the world.

They controlled colonies on all 6 inhabited continents and boasted “The sun never set on the British Empire”

Why were the British so successful?

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Since the industrial revolution their factories produced the largest amount of manufactured goods

Strongest Navy in the world allowed them to safely transport goods around the world.

Successful government of colonial empire.

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Can you figure out how this one can be true? In the bedroom, the nearest lamp to the bed is 12 feet away. Alone in the room, and without using any special devices such as cords, pulleys, remotes or “The Clapper,” a person can turn off the lamp and make it to the bed before the room is dark. How?

Eq’s:• What is the first thing that comes to mind when you think about

Africa? SL 10-19, Africa Reflection Intro Africa Geography trivia, Livingstone Handout

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By the late 1800’s other countries began competing with Britain for colonies and resources around the world

Germany and the U.S. were Britain’s biggest economic competitors, which caused Britain to focus more on extracting resources from colonies

Other countries followed Britain’s colonial success and desired colonies• The French and Dutch expanded their holdings and by 1900

France had an empire second in size only to Britain’s.• Spain and Portugal attempted to build new empires in Africa.• Austria-Hungary moved into the Balkans.• Russia expanded into the Caucasus, Central Asia, and Siberia.

Two non-European countries, the United States and Japan, also became involved in overseas expansion during this period. • Both the U.S. and Japan were interested in East Asia.• The U.S. was also deeply tied to Latin America.

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France – French Indochina (Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia.

Britain – Burma, Malaya, New Guinea, and Australia

U.S. – Philippines, Guam

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Protectorate – A political unit that depends on another government for its protection• Ex: Puerto Rico is protectorate of the U.S. 51st State????

Direct Rule – Local leaders are removed from power and replaced by leaders from the mother country. • Ex: France in Indochina

Indirect Rule - The Imperial country would cooperate with local leaders of the colony and allow them to maintain some power• Ex: Dutch in the East Indies.

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In 1898, the U.S defeated the Spanish (SP. American war).

With this Victory The U.S. took control of Spanish colonies – Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam

President McKinley thought the U.S. should also civilize the rest of the world.• The U.S. also took control of Hawaii during this

time period

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Since the Slave Trade in the 1600’s, European countries had a close trading relationship with Africa.

The Slave trade declined in the 1800’s because most European countries and the U.S.A. Made it illegal.

Despite the ending of the slave trade Europe became interested in other areas of trade with African regions

Because of Imperialism a permanent European presence was set up in Africa.

There are 5 regions of Africa North, South, Central, East and West.

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Was a Scottish explorer/ missionary who went to Africa in 1841

Was one of the first Europeans to Explore the interior parts of Africa.

Went missing for a while. The New York Herald

hired Henry Stanley to find him. He did

After Livingstone Died in 1873 Stanley carried on his work

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Prior to 1880 there was very little European presence in Africa.

By 1914 (World War I) Almost the entire continent was Controlled by European powers

Only Two Countries maintained their independence --- Ethiopia and Liberia Why?

British controlled the most territory, French the 2nd most, then German (3rd)

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“Learn what you are and be such”• Pindar

EQ's-• Who was Gandhi? • Did the benefits of being a colony outweigh

the costs? Why? SL 20 – 28 Ch 14 Vocab Handout Gandhi Movie

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The White population in Africa grew the most in South Africa.

Boers, who were the descendants of the original Dutch settlers controlled Cape Town and other southern areas until the British took control of the area in 1810’s

The Boers fled north and set up South African (Boer) Republic.

Zulu – Indigenous (native to a region) South African people• Their leader in 1870’s &

1880’s was Shaka

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Cecil Rhodes, who set up British diamond and Gold companies in South Africa, wanted British influence to spread and take over the Boer Republic.

From 1899 to 1902 The British, Boers and Zulu fought over control of South Africa

The British Won – Set up the Union of South Africa in 1910

Future ---- Apartheid Segregation

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Sepoys – Indian soldiers hired by the British East India company to protect the companies interests.

Sepoy Mutiny – 1857 Sepoys revolted against the British… The British put down the rebellion and brutally massacred those involved

This Sepoy mutiny is also called the First war for independence

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India was seen as Britain's most valuable colony

Why? India had almost 300 million people Britain saw it as a huge market for its manufactured goods.

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More Roads, Schools, and transportation

More Hospitals and better sanitation

Better quality of goods (British Cloth)

Less Warfare More efficient

government

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Loss of culture Loss of religion and way of life European Racism and mistreatment

of Indians

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Born in 1869 in Gujaret, India

Studied law in London became a lawyer

Went to S. Africa in 1893, noticed racism and mistreatment towards Indians and Africans

When he returned to India he led the movement for Indian Independence

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Gandhi urged his followers not to use violence in their fight against the British.

He wanted to use a nonviolent resistence to show the British their faults

Examples of Non – Violent resistence: Boycotts, Peaceful protests, refusing to follow unjust laws.

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DQ: What will be the next big invention that will change the world? (ex: Railroad, internet, electricity)

EQ's• Why was Latin America able to stay

independent during the age of Imperialism? SL 29 - 34 Africa Map Test Panama Canal Diagram, Ch 14 Important Event Chart

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Most of South and Central America was colonized by the Spanish and Portuguese in the 1500’s

During the new Imperialism most of these countries had become independent.

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Peninsular’s- White Europeans born in Spain/ Portugal

Creoles – White Europeans born in the America,

Mestizo – A person of mixed descent, European and Native

Mulatto – A person of mixed descent, European and African

Africans – usually slaves Natives – descendants from

those people in the America’s when Europeans got here

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Simon Bolivar, Jose De San Martin were El Libertadores (The liberators) of South America.

They fought to win independence from Spain for Spanish colonies.

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The Panama Canal was built by the U.S.A through the newly independent country of Panama

The canal saves almost 7,000 miles of a trip from New York to L.A.

The U.S. lease of the canal ran out in 1999

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President James Monroe warned European nations not to interfere in the Western Hemisphere.

He was trying to protect the independence of the new countries and also the dominance of the hemisphere for the U.S.A

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“One sees great things from the valley only small thing from the peaks”• G.K. Chesterton

Ch 14 Test