1 Joint DG INFSO ICT for Inclusion & JRC IPTS Information Society Workshop on: Long-term care challenges in an ageing society: the role of ICT and migrants Brussels, 19 th January 2010 Results from a cross-country comparison on Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK Stefano Kluzer, JRC–IPTS Information Society Unit Joint Research Centre (JRC)
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1 Joint DG INFSO ICT for Inclusion & JRC IPTS Information Society Workshop on: Long-term care challenges in an ageing society: the role of ICT and migrants.
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Joint DG INFSO ICT for Inclusion & JRC IPTS Information Society Workshop on:
Long-term care challenges in an ageing society: the role of ICT and migrants
Brussels, 19th January 2010
Results from a cross-country comparison on Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK
Stefano Kluzer, JRC–IPTS Information Society Unit
Joint Research Centre (JRC)Institute for Prospective Technological Studies The European Commission´ s Research-Based Policy Support Organisation
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Research challenges
Informal caregivers
ICT use in LTC at home
Barriers to ICT opportunities for informal caregivers
Suggestions for action
Content of presentation
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Long-term care (LTC) = informal & socio-cultural specific activitiesLack of common definitions (scope / content) -> OECD pilotLack of data (general / comparable)
ICT-specific in LTCRecent, still limited diffusion -> limited information beyond expertsFew studies (Empirica)
Migrant-specificComparable statistics in EU under development Informal work -> limited coverage by labour/employment surveysUndocumented status -> lack of data + difficult to interview migrants
Exploratory research + caution on conclusions !!!
Research challenges
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Desk-based analysis of reports and statistics -> LTC provision, organization and ICT-related policies + migrant labour in LTC sector
Web searches and interviews with key informants -> ICT-based initiatives and services for LTC at home
in DE, IT and ES, tot. 40 informal migrant caregivers interviewed about their knowledge, use and expectations regarding ICT in care work
Research method
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IPTS
Formal contract/
social security
PaymentRecognised
nursing qualif. / certification
Documented (if migrant)
OECD*
Formal long-term care workers
Care workers
Yes salary/pay Yes Yes Practicing nurses
Yes salary/pay No YesPersonal care workers
Informal caregivers
Carers
No No No Yes /NoUncompensated informal caregivers
Nobenefits / allowance
No YesCompensated informal caregivers
Informal care assistants
No salary/pay Yes /No YesUndeclared caregivers
No salary/pay No NoUndocumented migrants
* See (Fujisawa & Colombo, 2009)
Caregivers definitions
Migrants in any category: as paid caregivers in all countries; as carers in DE and UK
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Informal caregivers play a crucial in LTC
How people in need are cared for Migrant paid caregivers
DE 2007 - 44% exclusively family members
50-100,000100,000 (illegally employed alone)
IT 2003 - 90% by family members
740,000 in 2006 (42% undoc; 25% doc/ no contract; 33% doc + job contract)
ES 2004- 75% exclusively informal care
200,000 - 600,000
UK
2001 Almost 6M carers (11% of pop.) 4.4M of working age
Few migrant ‘grey labour’
in 2001, > 10% care workers from BME groups in 2006, 16% of 650,000 care workers born abroad (London -> 68%)
Key features of migrant paid caregivers: Significant numbers in all 4 countries Almost only women (informal care assistants) Different migration projects, residence and work contractual status High vulnerability, reflecting low rights (informal care assistants)
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Challenging work/life conditions
Critical conditions Needs
Time devoted to care (up to 24/7)
•Balance work and caring functions•Coordinate with service providers and professionals•Remote access to basic services (shop, bank etc.)
Socialization and isolation -> emotional stress
•Communication with others•Share emotions and experiences with other caregivers•Specialized support
Limited experience and skills• Information, training and other support -> manage medical/care aspects: esp. emergency situations, but also everyday tasks (complex with 80+ care recipients)
Limited knowledge of services and support opportunities (including technology-related)
• Available and fast access to information and guidance
Sensitive personal information (themselves and recipients)
• Guarantee adequate security and privacy
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Additional challenges for migrant caregivers
Critical conditions Needs
Time devoted to care (up to 24/7)
•Balance work and caring functions•Coordinate with service providers and professionals•Remote access to basic services (shop, bank etc.)
Socialization and isolation -> emotional stress
•Communication with others•Share emotions and experiences with other caregivers•Specialized support
Limited experience and skillsInformation, training and other support -> manage medical/care aspects: esp. emergency situations, but also everyday tasks (complex with 80+ care recipients)
Limited knowledge of services and support opportunities (including technology-related)
• Available and fast access to information and guidance
Sensitive personal information (themselves and recipients)
• Guarantee adequate security and privacy
- lack social support network- intercultural and language barriers- lack basic understanding of care context (players, rules etc.)- due to work/residence status -> invisible + difficult access to training, support etc.
Esp. newly arrived and from ‘culture-linguistically distant’ countries
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Policies pay still limited attention to informal caregivers
LTC policy and informal caregivers (carers) Formally acknowledged, but focus mostly on financial measures UK has established and articulated measures (and robust data on carers)
ICT policies for LTC UK: coherent national strategy / carers’ multiple needs considered DE, ES and IT: no national strategy / carers “play –if at all- a minor role”