1 IPv6 5A7CE IP Next Generation IP Next Generation (IPv6) (IPv6) • what? what? • why? why? • when? when?
1IPv6 5A7CE
IP Next Generation (IPv6)IP Next Generation (IPv6)IP Next Generation (IPv6)IP Next Generation (IPv6)
• what?what?
• why?why?
• when?when?
2IPv6 5A7CE
Why IPng?Why IPng?Why IPng?Why IPng?
• the limited availability of IPv4 addressesthe limited availability of IPv4 addresses– classless routing is the way to the 21st centuryclassless routing is the way to the 21st century
• routing is not hierarchicalrouting is not hierarchical– lots of routers, network structures are complicated lots of routers, network structures are complicated
• awkward address management in large awkward address management in large networksnetworks– the fight for space between the subnet bits and the fight for space between the subnet bits and
host bitshost bits
• no obligatory data security featuresno obligatory data security features– party authentication and data encryption party authentication and data encryption
3IPv6 5A7CE
The Run for the IPngThe Run for the IPngSimple CLNP
Simple CLNP
IP EncapsIP Encaps
CNATCNAT
NimrodNimrod
PIPPIP
SIPSIP
TP/IXTP/IX
IPAEIPAE
TUBATUBA
CATNIPCATNIP
SIPSIP
SIPPSIPP
1992 1993 1994
4IPv6 5A7CE
IPv6 (SIPP-16)IPv6 (SIPP-16)IPv6 (SIPP-16)IPv6 (SIPP-16)
• some of the header fields omittedsome of the header fields omitted
• new features with new headersnew features with new headers
• hierarchical addresses hierarchical addresses – so many that in the early stages only a minor so many that in the early stages only a minor
portion of the address space is reservedportion of the address space is reserved– IPv4, multicast and anycast addresses IPv4, multicast and anycast addresses – ““plug and play” for workstationsplug and play” for workstations
• flow labels and priorityflow labels and priority– to support the QoS featuresto support the QoS features
5IPv6 5A7CE
SIPP 16 HeaderSIPP 16 Headerversion hdr length service total length
identification flags fragment offset
time to live protocol header checksum
source address
destination address
additional parameters filler
0 15 16 31
version class flow label
payload length next header max hops
source address (128 bits)
0 15 16 31
destination address (128 bits)
IPv4:20 bytes+ options (rare)• source routing
IPv6:40 bytes+ options (common)• hop-by-hop option• source routing• fragmentation• tunnelling• authentication/encryption
next header option specific data n bytes
6IPv6 5A7CE
Important when Assigning Important when Assigning AddressesAddresses
Important when Assigning Important when Assigning AddressesAddresses
• the encoding of topological the encoding of topological information information
• geographical informationgeographical information
• mesh structures, multi-homingmesh structures, multi-homing
• methods of assigning host numbersmethods of assigning host numbers
• growing the hierarchygrowing the hierarchy
• multicast addressesmulticast addresses
• addresses for mobile hosts addresses for mobile hosts
• other protocols (also IPv4)other protocols (also IPv4)
7IPv6 5A7CE
IPv6 AddressesIPv6 Addresses
FEDCFEDC::BA98BA98::76547654::32103210::FEDCFEDC::BA98BA98::76547654::32103210
xx::::yy the area between filled with zeroesthe area between filled with zeroes
::::a.b.c.da.b.c.d the encoding of an IPv4 addressthe encoding of an IPv4 address
::0::0 an undefined addressan undefined address
::1::1 “myself”, loopback“myself”, loopback
FE80::FE80::interface IDinterface ID a network separated by routers (link-a network separated by routers (link-local)local)
FEC0::FEC0::subnet:interface IDsubnet:interface ID internal for an organization (site-local)internal for an organization (site-local)
FF...FF... multihost addressmultihost address
FF02::1FF02::1 equivalent to broadcast; all hostsequivalent to broadcast; all hosts
FF02::2FF02::2 all routers (within a network)all routers (within a network)
8IPv6 5A7CE
(Possible) IPv6 Internet (Possible) IPv6 Internet AddressesAddresses
• 001, Format Prefix (FP)001, Format Prefix (FP)– indicates the global hierarchical indicates the global hierarchical
addressaddress
• TLA, Top Level AggregatorTLA, Top Level Aggregator– top level network linktop level network link
– max. 8 192max. 8 192
• NLA, Next Level AggregatorNLA, Next Level Aggregator– a teleoperator or a major a teleoperator or a major
customercustomer
– consists of several consists of several n n bit fieldsbit fields
– max. 16 777 216 (8 bits reserved)max. 16 777 216 (8 bits reserved)
• SLA, Site Level AggregatorSLA, Site Level Aggregator– organization subnet informationorganization subnet information
– several levels if necessaryseveral levels if necessary
– max. 65 536max. 65 536
• Interface IDInterface ID– IEEE EUI-64, 64 bitsIEEE EUI-64, 64 bits
– usually a 48 bit MACusually a 48 bit MACaddress in EUI-64 formataddress in EUI-64 format
– max. 18 446 744 073 709 551 616
0128 112 80 64
001 TLA RES NLA* SLA* Interface ID
104
9IPv6 5A7CE
• router discovery• prefix discovery• parameter discovery• address determination• next hop determination• address resolution• duplicate address detection• unreachability detection• redirect
Neighbor DiscoveryNeighbor DiscoveryNeighbor DiscoveryNeighbor Discovery
10IPv6 5A7CE
Neighbor SolicitationNeighbor SolicitationNeighbor SolicitationNeighbor Solicitation
11IPv6 5A7CE
Neighbor AdvertisementNeighbor AdvertisementNeighbor AdvertisementNeighbor Advertisement
13IPv6 5A7CE
The IPv4 -The IPv4 ->> IPv6 Translation IPv6 Translation• IPv4 and/or IPv6/v4 nodes will not become isolatedIPv4 and/or IPv6/v4 nodes will not become isolated• at first IPv6 traffic will be tunnelledat first IPv6 traffic will be tunnelled• IPv4 IPv4 IPv6 only in tunnelsIPv6 only in tunnels
– example: an IPv6/v4 compatible firewall hostexample: an IPv6/v4 compatible firewall host
IPv4IPv4
IPv4IPv4
IPv6/v4IPv6/v4
IPv6/v4
IPv6/v4IPv6/v4IPv6/v4IPv6/v4
IPv6/v4IPv6/v4
A
B C
D
E
F
G
14IPv6 5A7CE
ICMPICMP
IPv6 developmentIPv6 development
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
SIPP-16SIPP-16SIPP-16SIPP-16
subcategories:• IPv6 • transition• autoconfiguration• address allocation• security• routing
IPv6IPv6IPv6IPv6
IPIP
TCPTCP
DNSDNS FTPFTP ??????
?
15IPv6 5A7CE
6bone backbone (LANCS)6bone backbone (LANCS)6bone backbone (LANCS)6bone backbone (LANCS)
16IPv6 5A7CE
Testing Address HierarchyTesting Address HierarchyTesting Address HierarchyTesting Address Hierarchy
17IPv6 5A7CE
Further Information on IPv6Further Information on IPv6Further Information on IPv6Further Information on IPv6