1 IOM-Office in Greece “The Global status on migration” International Organization for Migration (IOM)

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IOM-Office in Greece“The Global status on migration”

International Organization for Migration (IOM)

International International Organization Organization

for for Migration (IOM)Migration (IOM)

IOM MISSIONIOM MISSION……

IOM is committed to the principle that humane and orderly migration benefits migrants and society

As the leading international organization for migration, IOM is committed to the principle that humane and orderly migration benefits migrant s and society and acts with its partners in the international community to:

•Assist in meeting the growing operational challenges of migration management•Advance understanding of migration issues•Encourage social and economic development through migration•Uphold the human dignity and well-being of migrants

IOM MISSIONIOM MISSION……

•International Organization with 146 member states and 17 observer states

•Offices in over 100 Countries and 440 field locations

Migration & Development

Regulating Migration

Migration Health Facilitating Migration

Claims Programs

Resettlement, Movement, Emergency & Post- Crisis

Policy, Research & Forum Activities

Service AreasService Areas

IOM EvolutionIOM Evolution

High unemployment in Western Europe

1. Post World War II (1951 – 1964)

2. Regional & Intra-State Conflicts (1965 – 1989)

Refugee resettlement programmes (Africa, Southeast Asia, Central America)

3. Globalization Phase (1990 – Present)

Resettlement; emergencies, migration and development, labour migration, counter trafficking, return and reintegration, Disarmament Demobilisation and Reintegration(DDR) , migration health, etc.

Mass migration of Europeans displaced by WWII.

Global Global Migration TrendsMigration Trends

Global Migration TrendsGlobal Migration Trends“Era of greatest human mobility”

405 million international migrants in 2050* (at current rate)

ca. 50% of migrants women

+50% of world’s pop. in urban areas (1st time in history)

- 740 million internal migrants (UNDP)

- 215 million international migrants (World Bank; UNDESA)

• 1 Billion Migrants Worldwide

• Feminization:

• Urbanization

• Forecast

INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION

ROUTES

1-AFRICA ROUTE

2-AFRICA ROUTE

3-RUSSIA-POLAND

4-TURKEY

5- CAUCASUS-UKRAINE

6-SYRIA-LEBANON

7-GREECE-ITALY

8-AUSTRALIA

9-SUEZ CHANNEL

10-W.AFRICA ROUTE

11-CENTRAL ASIA-MOROCCO-LIBYA-

ITALY 12-CENTRAL ASIA-MOROCCO-SPAIN

International migrants are concentrated in relatively few

destination countriesCountries with the largest number of

international migrants, 2010 (millions)

5.3

5.4

6.4

6.5

6.7

7.2

7.3

10.8

12.3

42.8

Ukraine

India

Spain

United Kingdom

France

Canada

Saudi Arabia

Germany

Russian Federation

United States of America

Countries with the highest percentage of international migrants, 2010

* Occupied Palestinean Territory

28%

28%

39%

40%

41%

44%

46%

69%

70%

87%

Saudi Arabia

Oman

China, Hong Kong SAR

Israel

Singapore

OPT*

Jordan

Kuwait

United Arab Emirates

Qatar

Europe and Northern America are main net Europe and Northern America are main net receivers, while Asia and Latin America and the receivers, while Asia and Latin America and the

Caribbean are main net sendersCaribbean are main net sendersNet international migration

1990 - 2010

-10.0-8.0

-6.0-4.0

-2.00.02.0

4.06.0

8.010.0

1990-1995

1995-2000

2000-2005

2005-2010

Mil

lio

ns

Africa

Asia

Europe

Latin America andthe Caribbean

Northern America

Oceania

Migration from less developed Migration from less developed regions regions is on the rise in developed is on the rise in developed countriescountries

Inflow of foreign migrants from less developed regions

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Australia USA Canada Germany Spain UnitedKingdom

1980s 1990s 2000s

The impact of international migration on the The impact of international migration on the working age population is significant in more working age population is significant in more developed regionsdeveloped regions

Change in projected working-age population, 2010-2050: Medium (M) and Zero-migration variant (Z) compared

120% 124%

19% 22%

-13%-25%

LDCs (M) LDCs (Z) Lessdeveloped,excl. LDCs

(M)

Lessdeveloped,excl. LDCs

(Z)

Moredeveloped

(M)

Moredeveloped (Z)

Characteristics of MigrantsCharacteristics of Migrants

Majority – young, able bodied men, most not victims of Majority – young, able bodied men, most not victims of traffickingtrafficking

Numbers of women small but growing, with strong Numbers of women small but growing, with strong suspicion of traffickingsuspicion of trafficking

Movement: both solo and organizedMovement: both solo and organized

Facilitated by stretches of desertFacilitated by stretches of desert

Absence of state institutionsAbsence of state institutions

Hugh potential to suffer violenceHugh potential to suffer violence

Who benefits from irregular migration?Who benefits from irregular migration?

Migrants (?)Migrants (?)

Employers – exploit IMs, benefit from flexibility and lack of Employers – exploit IMs, benefit from flexibility and lack of protectionprotectiontypes of employers: types of employers:

-individuals/families who cannot afford legal -individuals/families who cannot afford legal contractscontracts

-small companies that exist on margins of economy-small companies that exist on margins of economy

-organized crime that controls recruitment, abuse of -organized crime that controls recruitment, abuse of legal channels, legal channels, job-matching in loco, etc.job-matching in loco, etc.

Consumers (cheap products)Consumers (cheap products)

Who looses out with irregular Who looses out with irregular migration?migration?

Migrants – no protection, risk of exploitaion, no social Migrants – no protection, risk of exploitaion, no social security, health services, pension rightssecurity, health services, pension rights

Employers who follow the law and loose competitivenessEmployers who follow the law and loose competitiveness

Law enforcement – criminal networks do not focus on IM Law enforcement – criminal networks do not focus on IM alonealone

BUTBUT

Majority of irregular migrants arrives by plane, train, bus

– with papers, visa (fake or valid) that expire - or migrants make unauthorized change of status (i.e. from

student to worker)

Important pull factor: even during economic crisis,

labour markets offer opportunities

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Thank You

International Organization for Migration (IOM)