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Slide 1
Slide 2
1 Introduction to Security Chapter 3 The Public/Private
Interface
Slide 3
2 Historical Friction Public security (police) and private
security often see themselves as being in competition. Police often
view private security as wannabees not good enough candidates to be
police officers, so they settle for second best.
Slide 4
3 Attitudes towards security over the years: 1960s indifference
1970s mistrust of the industry 1980s and 1990s most likely regarded
as a period of collaboration and joint ventures
Slide 5
4 Police may not be confident in security because: They lament
the quality of private securitys pre-employment screening, training
and standards Police doubt the quality/ amount of private officers
firearm training Police view security officers as wannabees
Slide 6
5 Police may not be confident in security because: Police view
security officers as a threat to their domain. Police dont
understand the depth of the security field.
Slide 7
6 Security May Not be Confident in Police Because: Private
officers view police as being elitist. Private security
practitioners feel that police dont care about or appreciate the
security field until they want a job in it.
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7 The Growth of Private Security Nationally, private security
officers outnumber public law enforcement by 5:1. This ratio is
even greater in certain states such as California.
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8 Comparison of the Growth of Private & Public Security
Officers
Slide 10
9 Movement between the public and private sectors: There is
considerable movement of individuals between the two fields. Some
individuals use the private security field as a stepping stone to
public law enforcement. Retired law enforcement officers may pursue
private security jobs.
Slide 11
10 Moonlighting Police officers moonlighting The practice of
officers working off- duty as security officers does present some
problems. Workmans Comp issues Do they ever actually quit being
police officers? Authority issues
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11 There are four basic differences between officers from the
public and private sector: Private sector is a for-profit entity,
law enforcement is non-profit. Private sector serves only specific
clients, not the public at large. Security is prevention-oriented,
police work tends to be reactive. Police have statutory authority,
security may deal with non-criminal conduct not under police
authority.
Slide 13
12 Legal Authority Law enforcement has far greater legal
powers. Private security officers generally have the same legal
authority as private citizens. Private officers can, however,
enforce legal company rules and regulations that a law enforcement
officer may not be able to.
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13 Legal Authority Bowman v. State (1984) rules that private
security officers do not have to issue Miranda warnings. Weingarten
Rights: an employee being questioned in an investigatory interview
by private security has the right to union representation if they
so wish.
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14 What is an investigatory interview? A supervisor questions
an employee about a subject that could result in discipline such
as: Absenteeism or lateness Drinking or drugs Fighting Sabotage
Work performance, accidents or safety violations Theft Other
miscellaneous reasons...
Slide 16
15 Important note: Due to the nature of their work, security
officers performing their jobs do open themselves up to more
potential civil lawsuits, or torts, than the average person.
Therefore, it is essential that security officers understand what
their limitations are
Slide 17
16 What private security officers cannot do: Invade another
persons privacy Electronically eavesdrop Trespass In some
jurisdictions, wear a uniform or badge that closely resembles a
police officers. Commit crimes
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17 Cooperative efforts Knowing these restrictions opens the
door up for cooperation between public and private officers.
Private officers can assist with certain duties formerly assigned
to police. This is known as privatization. Not all privatization
involves uniformed guards there are numerous applications
possible.
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18 Privatization Targets: Responding to alarms Examining
evidence in private labs Conducting background checks Protecting
executives and VIPs Crowd Control Transporting Prisoners
Prisons
Slide 20
19 Prison Privatization There are 4 key issues surrounding the
privatization of correctional facilities: 1.Are they legal? 2.Are
they more effective? 3.Are they cheaper to operate? 4.Do they
produce a better prisoner?
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Prepared by: Matt J. McCarthy20 Answers to these questions: #1.
Are they legal? Yes the courts have upheld that government may
privatize basic services, although it remains responsible for any
incidents that occur in the facility.
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21 Answers to these questions: #2. Are they more effective?
There is no conclusive evidence either way to determine this.
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22 Answers to these questions: #3. Are they cheaper to operate?
Again, there is little evidence to support this claim.
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23 Answers to these questions: #4. Do they produce a better
prisoner? There have been no studies so far that have documented
whether prisoners from private facilities are more or less likely
to reoffend than their publicly held counterparts.
Slide 25
24 Recommendations for Building Public- Private Partnerships:
Leaders of both sides should make a formal commitment to
cooperation. Fund research/ training on relevant legislation
Appoint an advisory council Local partnerships should set
priorities to address problems.
Slide 26
Prepared by: Matt J. McCarthy25 Benefits of public/private
cooperation: Prepares private security to assist in emergencies
Helps to coordinate homeland security efforts, as most of the
infrastructure is privately owned Increases personnel resources and
expertise (e.g., in cybercrime) Assist in obtaining evidence of
crimes (CCTV recordings)
Slide 27
26 Benefits of public/private cooperation: Reduce the number of
calls for service Individuals from each side know their
counterparts Builds law enforcements understanding of corporate
needs Increased training opportunities Boosts mutual respect
Slide 28
Partnerships in Action Lakewood, Colorado Outsourced some law
enforcement tasks to private firms. Contracted with a private
security organization to provide guards for prisoners that had been
hospitalized in Denver area hospitals. Also, security personnel
were sued to help guard crime scenes when needed. 27