1. Introduction to Information Technology (1)

8/8/2019 1. Introduction to Information Technology (1)

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MODULE-1

Introduction to Information Technology

( Digital Economy)


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Module01 2

Why Computers ? Speed

Accuracy

Consistency Reliability

Integration

Less Redundancy


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Module01 3

Information Data

Processed, Organised and integrated

To help Analyze data and take decisions

May not know ahead, what

information you want and what datato collect ?


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Module01 4

The Old Economy Taking Photos

1. Buy film in a store

2. Load your camera

3. Take pictures4. Take roll of film to store for processing

5. Pickup the film when ready

6. Select specific photos for enlargement

7. Mail to family and friends


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Module01 5

The New Economy Taking Photos

1st Generation Digital Photography

Old economy except 6 and 7 were replacedby using a scanner and emailing ie. Taking

care ofSelection and Mailing.

2nd Generation Digital Photography

Use a Digital Camera, no film, no processing.

3rd Generation Digital Photography

Your Digital Camera is now your mobilephone, in your binoculars or a palmtop

computer.


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Module01 6

Digital Economy New Economy

E-Business:

The use of electronic technologies

to transact business. Collaboration:

People and Organizations interact,communicate, collaborate and

search for information Information Exchange:

Storing, processing andtransmission of information.


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Module01 7

Digital Business

Your D om ain/UR L

Internet

POS

Appli

c

S

rv

r

St

r

3

T

i

li

t

Appli

c

On-line Multi-station Store

t

Appli

c

St

r

1

On-line

Single-station Store

On-line Customers

Consumer & Business

Commercial

E-commerce

H ub

AccountingPhone OrdersMail Orders

Order Fulfill ment

STARS

T

i

li

t

T

i

li

t

In-house operations

Purchasing

On-line

Salesperson

L i n u x C r e d i t C a r d A p p r o v a l

Ap a c h e S e r v e r

C o l d F u s i o n

Sybase ASE Database

L i n u x SSL

Ap a c h e S e r v e r

Be a c o n H i l l 's Sta r s

T a r e n te l l a

SC O U n i x Linux

Unix

Bu siness to B usiness

Server

E-Com m erce Server

W indow s 2000

O ffice Suite

Video Con ferencing

Server

IP Ad dress 1

IP Add ress 2

IP Add ress 3

STARS

Networks

Internet

Telecommunications

ConsumerIn-office

Field Sales


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Module01 8

Business Models

A business model is a method of doingbusiness by which a company cangenerate revenue to sustain itself. The

model spells out how the company addsvalue to create a product or service.

(Value Chain) Nokia makes and sells cell phones

A TV station provides free broadcasting. Its

survival depends on a complex model involvingadvertisers and content providers.

Internet portals, such as Yahoo, also use acomplex business model.


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Module01 9

Digital Age Business Models

Name-Your-Own Price

Reverse Auctions

Affiliate Marketing

E-Marketplaces and Exchanges

Electronic aggregation (buying

groups)


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Module01 10

Dri ers Forcing Changes In Business

Models

Environmental, organizational, and technologicalfactors are creating a highly competitive businessenvironment these factors or forces can changequickly, sometimes in an unpredictable manner.

Therefore, companies need to react frequentlyand quickly to both the threats and theopportunities resulting from this new business

environment.

A response can be a reaction to apressure already in existence, an initiativeintended to defend an organization against futurepressures, or an activity that exploits anopportunity created by changing conditions.

Business Pressures

Business Critical Response Activities


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Module01 11

The Dri ers of change

Business Pressures on an Organization thatforce change.

Market

Technology

Society


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Module01 12

The Dri ers of change Continued

Business Pressures on an Organization.

MarketSociety

Technology


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Module01

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Organizational Response to these

Dri ers

Strategic Systems

Continuous Improvement Operational Efficiency

Restructuring business processes

Manufacturer to order

Customer Focus Strategy Employ E-business tools

Business Alliances

Technology is required toTechnology is required toeffectively implementeffectively implementthese critical responses.these critical responses.


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Module0114

Information ystems - Components

Input

ProcessOutput


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Module0115

Information ystem Types

Strategy

TacticsOperations


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Module0116

Information ystem

An information system (IS) collects, processes, stores,analyzes, and disseminates information for a specificpurpose. Like any other system, an information systemincludes inputs (data, instructions) and outputs (reports,calculations). Itprocesses the inputs by using technologysuch as PCs and produces outputs that are sent to users

or to other systems via electronic networks and afeedbackmechanism that controls the operation.


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Module0117

Information ystem Is A ystem


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Module0118

Computer Based Information ystem

Hardware

Software

Data Network

Procedures

People

Hardware

Software

People

DataApplicationApplication

More than hardwareMore than hardwareand softwareand software


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Module0119

Applications and Operations

Retail operations

Wholesale

Manufacturing Human Resources

Marketing

Content management


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Module0120

Information ystems

MarketingMarketing

Identify customers

Determine what they want Planning products

Advertising and promoting products

Determine prices for products


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Module0121

Information ystems

SalesSales

Contact customers

Sell the product Take the order

Follow-up on the sale

5 year sales forecast


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Module0122

Information ystems

ManufacturingManufacturing

Control Equipment and machinery

Design new products When and quantity ofproducts to produce

New production facilities

Generate the work order


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Module0123

Information ystems

Functional PerspectiveFunctional Perspective

PurchasingPurchasing

Which vendors Quantity to purchase

Coop, rebate tracking

Handle delivery discrepancies

Generate the purchase order


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Module0124

Information ystems

Functional PerspectiveFunctional Perspective

FinanceFinance

Financial Assets Investment management

Banking

Long term budgets


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Module0125

Information ystems

AccountingAccounting

Accounts Receivable

Disbursements Payroll

Depreciation

Earned Coop and Rebates


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Module0126

Information ystems

Human ResourcesHuman Resources Employee wages, salaries & benefits

Long term labor requirements

Tracking vacation, sick,

Track employee skills

Interview and review employees


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Module0127

PROBLEM FACED IN

INFORMATION Y TEM

Processing Over Load

System Slow Down

Data Accuracy

Insufficient Storage

Data Not Recd in TimeTimely output


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Module0128

Trends in Technology

Cost-performance ratio of chips keeps improving.Moores Law, his prediction was that the processingpower of silicon chips would double every 18 months.

According to McGarvey &tenornetworks.com, statesthat the performance of optical communicationnetworks is growing by a factor of 10 every threeyears

Several new devices and methods to increase storagecapacity price performance

Object technology enables the development of self-contained units of software that can be shared

Networked and distributed computing is emergingrapidly Metcalfes Law.


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Module0129

Trends in Technology (continued)

Internet

Mobile Computing and M-Commerce

Wireless networks Pervasive Computing

Smart Devices


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Module0130

Trends in Technology (continued)

The Network Computer

Optical Networks

Storage Area Networks

Intranets &Extranets

The Internet

The Networked EnterpriseThe Networked Enterprise


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Module01

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MANAGERIAL ISSUES

Recognizing opportunities for using IT and Web-based systems.

Who will build, operate, and maintain the information systems. This is acritical issue because management wants to minimize the cost of IT whilemaximizing its benefits. Some alternatives are to outsource portions, or even all, ofthe IT activities, and to divide the remaining work between the IS department andthe end users.

How much

IT? This is a critical issue related to IT planning. IT does not come free,but not having it may be much costlier.

How important is IT? In some cases, IT is the only approach that can helporganizations. As time passes, the comparative advantage of IT increases.

Is the situation going to change? Yes, the pressures will be stronger as timepasses. Therefore, the IT role will be even more important.

Globalization. Global competition will have an impact on many companies. However,globalization opens many opportunities, ranging from selling and buying productsand services online in foreign markets, to conducting joint ventures or investing inthem. IT supports communications, collaboration, and discovery of informationregarding all the above.


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MANAGERIAL ISSUES Continued

Ethics and social issues. The implementation of IT involves many ethical andsocial issues that are constantly changing due to new developments in technologiesand environments. These topics should be examined any time an IT project isundertaken.

Transforming the organization to the digital economy. The transformation canbe done on several fronts. Management should study the opportunities, consideralternatives and prioritize them.

1. Introduction to Information Technology (1)

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