1 Introduction to HTML II กนกวรรธน์ เซี่ยงเจ็น สำนักวิชาเทคโนโลยีสารสนเทศ...

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Introduction to HTML IIIntroduction to HTML II

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ContentContent

HTML Forms and InputHTML Forms and Input HTMLHTML ImagesImages HTMLHTML BackgroundsBackgrounds HTMLHTML FontsFonts HTMLHTML StylesStyles HTMLHTML HeadHead

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ContentContent

HTMLHTML MetaMeta

HTML Uniform Resource LocatorsHTML Uniform Resource Locators

HTMLHTML ScriptsScripts

HTMLHTML WebWeb ServerServer

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HTML Forms and InputHTML Forms and Input A formA form is is an area that can contain form elements.an area that can contain form elements.

Form elements are elements that allow the user to Form elements are elements that allow the user to enter information (like text fields, textarea fields, enter information (like text fields, textarea fields, drop-down menus, radio buttons, checkboxes, etc.) drop-down menus, radio buttons, checkboxes, etc.) in a form.in a form.

A form is defined with the A form is defined with the <form><form> tag. tag.

<form><form> <input><input> <input><input></form> </form>

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HTML Forms and InputHTML Forms and InputForm Tags Form Tags Tag Description Tag Description <form><form> Defines a form for user input Defines a form for user input <input><input> Defines an input field Defines an input field <textarea><textarea> Defines a text-area (a multi-line Defines a text-area (a multi-line

text input control) text input control) <select><select> Defines a selectable list (a Defines a selectable list (a

drop-down box) drop-down box) <option><option> Defines an option in the Defines an option in the

drop-drop- down box down box <button><button> Defines a push buttonDefines a push button<legend><legend> Defines a caption for a Defines a caption for a

fieldsetfieldset<fieldset><fieldset> Defines a fieldset Defines a fieldset

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InputInput

The most used form tagThe most used form tag is the is the <input><input> tag. The type of input is specified with tag. The type of input is specified with the type attribute. the type attribute.

The most commonly used input types The most commonly used input types are explained below.are explained below.

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Text FieldsText Fields

Text fields are used when you want the user to type Text fields are used when you want the user to type letters, numbers, etc. in a form.letters, numbers, etc. in a form.

<form><form>

First name:First name: <input <input typetype="="texttext" " namename="="firstnamefirstname">">

<br><br>

Last name:Last name: <input <input typetype="="texttext" " namename="="lastnamelastname">">

</form></form>

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Text PasswordText Password

<form><form>UsernameUsername:: <input <input typetype="="texttext" " namename="="useruser"">><br><br>PasswordPassword::<input <input typetype="="passwordpassword" " namename=“=“pwdpwd"">><<//form>form>

<p><p>Note that when you type characters in a password Note that when you type characters in a password field, the browser displays asterisks or bullets field, the browser displays asterisks or bullets instead of the characters.instead of the characters.

</p></p>

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Text AreaText Area

<html><html><body><body><form><form>

<textarea <textarea rowsrows="="1010" " colscols="="3030">">The cat was playing in the garden.The cat was playing in the garden.</textarea></textarea>

</form></form></body></body></html></html>

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Radio ButtonsRadio Buttons

Radio ButtonsRadio Buttons are used when you want the are used when you want the user to user to select one of a limited number of choicesselect one of a limited number of choices..

<form><form>

<input <input typetype="="radioradio" " namename="="sexsex" " valuevalue="="malemale" >" >MaleMale

<br><br>

<input <input typetype="="radioradio" " namename="="sexsex" " valuevalue="="femalefemale">">FemaleFemale

</form></form>

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Radio ButtonsRadio Buttons

Radio ButtonsRadio Buttons are used when you want the are used when you want the user to user to select one of a limited number of choicesselect one of a limited number of choices..

<form><form>

<input <input typetype="="radioradio" " namename="="sexsex" " valuevalue="="malemale" " checkedchecked>>MaleMale

<br><br>

<input <input typetype="="radioradio" " namename="="sexsex" " valuevalue="="femalefemale">">FemaleFemale

</form></form>

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CheckboxesCheckboxes

CheckboxesCheckboxes are used when you want the are used when you want the user to user to select one or more options of a limited number of select one or more options of a limited number of choices.choices.

<form><form><input <input typetype="="checkboxcheckbox" " namename="="bikebike" > " > I have a bikeI have a bike<br><br><input <input typetype="="checkboxcheckbox" " namename="="carcar"> "> I have a carI have a car

</form></form>

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CheckboxesCheckboxes

CheckboxesCheckboxes are used when you want the are used when you want the user to user to select one or more options of a limited number of select one or more options of a limited number of choices.choices.

<form><form><input <input typetype="="checkboxcheckbox" " namename="="bikebike" " checkedchecked> > I have a bikeI have a bike<br><br><input <input typetype="="checkboxcheckbox" " namename="="carcar"> "> I have a carI have a car

</form></form>

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Drop-Down BoxDrop-Down Box

<form><form><select <select namename="="carscars">">

<option <option valuevalue=“=“11">">VolvoVolvo</option></option><option <option valuevalue=“=“22">">SaabSaab</option></option><option <option valuevalue=“=“33">">FiatFiat</option></option><option <option valuevalue=“=“44">">AudiAudi</option></option>

</select></select></form></form>

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Drop-Down BoxDrop-Down Box

<form><form><select <select namename="="carscars">">

<option <option valuevalue=“=“11">">VolvoVolvo</option></option><option <option valuevalue=“=“22">">SaabSaab</option></option><option <option valuevalue=“=“33" " selectedselected>>FiatFiat</option></option><option <option valuevalue=“=“44">">AudiAudi</option></option>

</select></select></form></form>

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List BoxList Box

<form><form>

<select <select namename="="carscars" " multiplemultiple>>

<option <option valuevalue="="volvovolvo">">VolvoVolvo</option></option>

<option <option valuevalue="="saabsaab">">SaabSaab</option></option>

<option <option valuevalue="="fiatfiat">">FiatFiat</option></option>

<option <option valuevalue="="audiaudi">">AudiAudi</option></option>

</select></select>

</form></form>

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List BoxList Box

<form><form>

<select <select namename="="carscars" " multiplemultiple>>

<option <option valuevalue="="volvovolvo">">VolvoVolvo</option></option>

<option <option valuevalue="="saabsaab">">SaabSaab</option></option>

<option <option valuevalue="="fiatfiat" " selectedselected>>FiatFiat</option></option>

<option <option valuevalue="="audiaudi">">AudiAudi</option></option>

</select></select>

</form></form>

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Legend and FieldSetLegend and FieldSet

<fieldset><fieldset><legend><legend>Health information:Health information:</legend></legend><form><form>

Height Height <input <input typetype="="texttext" " sizesize="3">="3">WeightWeight <input <input typetype="="texttext" " sizesize="3">="3">

</form></form></fieldset></fieldset>

<p><p>If there is no border around the input form, your If there is no border around the input form, your browser is too old.browser is too old.</p></p>

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The Form's Action Attribute and The Form's Action Attribute and the Submit Buttonthe Submit Button When the user clicksWhen the user clicks on the " on the "SubmitSubmit" "

button, button, the content of the form is sent to the content of the form is sent to another fileanother file. .

The form's action attributeThe form's action attribute defines defines the name the name of the file to send the content toof the file to send the content to. .

The file defined in the action attributeThe file defined in the action attribute usually does something with the received usually does something with the received input.input.

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The Form's Action Attribute and The Form's Action Attribute and the Submit Buttonthe Submit Button

<form <form actionaction= = ""receivereceive..phpphp"" methodmethod= = ""postpost"" > >

UsernameUsername: : <input <input typetype="="texttext" " namename="="useruser"">><input <input typetype="="submitsubmit" " valuevalue= "= "SendSend"">><input <input typetype= "= "resetreset" " valuevalue= "= "ClearClear"">>

<<//form>form>

Save: Save: send.phpsend.php

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ActionAction

actionaction เป็#นก�รก��หนดว%�จ็ะสำ%งค%�จ็�กเป็#นก�รก��หนดว%�จ็ะสำ%งค%�จ็�ก formform ป็&จ็จ็'บั�นไป็ให+ก�บั ป็&จ็จ็'บั�นไป็ให+ก�บั formform อ��นๆ เพ��อท��ก�รอ��นๆ เพ��อท��ก�รป็ระมวลผลต่%อไป็ป็ระมวลผลต่%อไป็

actionaction==““receive.phpreceive.php” ” ช��อช��อ receive.phpreceive.php ค�อช��อค�อช��อเว�บัเพจ็ท�เร�ต่+องก�รสำ%งข้+อม0ลท�ได+ร�บัก�รบั�นท1กจ็�กเว�บัเพจ็ท�เร�ต่+องก�รสำ%งข้+อม0ลท�ได+ร�บัก�รบั�นท1กจ็�ก form form ป็&จ็จ็'บั�นป็&จ็จ็'บั�น

send.phpsend.php receive.phpreceive.phpaction

ฟอร�มป็&จ็จ็'บั�นสำ%งข้+อม0ล

ฟอร�มท�ร�บัค%�จ็�ก action

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MethodMethod

method method ค�อว�ธในก�รสำ%งค%�ระหว%�งค�อว�ธในก�รสำ%งค%�ระหว%�ง formform ป็ระกอบัด+วยป็ระกอบัด+วย GETGET POSTPOST

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Method:GETMethod:GET methodmethod=“=“getget” ” เป็#นก�รสำ%งค%�ไป็ย�งเป็#นก�รสำ%งค%�ไป็ย�ง

เว�บัเพจ็เป็3�หม�ยท�ก��หนดไว+ โดยเว�บัเพจ็เป็3�หม�ยท�ก��หนดไว+ โดยจ็ะแสำดงจ็ะแสำดงร�ยละเอยดข้องข้+อม0ลท�สำ%งไป็ร�ยละเอยดข้องข้+อม0ลท�สำ%งไป็ผ%�นท�งผ%�นท�ง Address BarAddress Bar ข้องข้อง Web BrowserWeb Browser

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send_GET.phpsend_GET.php<form <form actionaction= = ""receive_GETreceive_GET..phpphp"" methodmethod= = ““getget"">>

UsernameUsername: :

<input <input typetype="="texttext" " namename="="useruser"">>

<input <input typetype="="submitsubmit" " valuevalue= "= "SendSend"">>

<input <input typetype= "= "resetreset" " valuevalue= "= "ClearClear"">>

<<//form>form>

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receive_GET.phpreceive_GET.php<<?php?php

$$user_nameuser_name = = $_GET$_GET['['useruser'];'];

echoecho "Receive user name is "Receive user name is $$user_nameuser_name";";

??>>

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Method: POSTMethod: POST methodmethod=“=“postpost” ” เป็#นก�รสำ%งค%�ไป็ย�ง เป็#นก�รสำ%งค%�ไป็ย�ง

เว�บัเพจ็เป็3�หม�ยท�ก��หนดไว+ โดยเว�บัเพจ็เป็3�หม�ยท�ก��หนดไว+ โดยจ็ะไม%จ็ะไม%แสำดงร�ยละเอยดข้องข้+อม0ลแสำดงร�ยละเอยดข้องข้+อม0ล

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send_POST.phpsend_POST.php<form <form actionaction= = ""receive_POSTreceive_POST..phpphp"" methodmethod= = ““postpost"">>

UsernameUsername: :

<input <input typetype="="texttext" " namename="="useruser"">>

<input <input typetype="="submitsubmit" " valuevalue= "= "SendSend"">>

<input <input typetype= "= "resetreset" " valuevalue= "= "ClearClear"">>

<<//form>form>

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receive_POST.phpreceive_POST.php<<?php?php

$$user_nameuser_name = = $_POST$_POST['['useruser'];'];

echoecho "Receive user name is "Receive user name is $$user_nameuser_name";";

??>>

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HTML ImagesHTML Images

Tag Tag Description Description

<img><img> Defines an image Defines an image

<map><map> Defines an image map Defines an image map

<area><area> Defines an area inside an image Defines an area inside an image map map

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The Image Tag and the Src The Image Tag and the Src AttributeAttribute

<html><html><body><body>

An imageAn image::

<img <img srcsrc="="PathPath ข้องแฟ3มร0ป็ข้องแฟ3มร0ป็" " widthwidth="="144144"" heightheight="="5050"">>

<<//body>body><<//html>html>

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The Image Tag and the Src The Image Tag and the Src AttributeAttribute

An image from another folder:An image from another folder:

<img <img srcsrc="="images/logo.gifimages/logo.gif" " widthwidth="="3333" " heightheight="="3232">">

An image from www.yahoo.com:An image from www.yahoo.com:

<img <img srcsrc="="http://www.yahoo.com/images/ie.gifhttp://www.yahoo.com/images/ie.gif" >" >

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Alternate TextAlternate Text<html><html><body><body>

<img <img srcsrc="="goleft.gifgoleft.gif" " altalt="="GoGo LeftLeft" " widthwidth="="3232" " heightheight="="3232">">

<p><p>Text-only browsers will only display the text in the "alt" Text-only browsers will only display the text in the "alt"

attribute, which is "Go Left".attribute, which is "Go Left".Note that if you hold the mouse pointer over the image it will Note that if you hold the mouse pointer over the image it will

display the text.display the text.</p></p>

</body></body></html></html>

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Link by ImageLink by Image

<html><html><body><body><p><p>You can also use an image as a link:You can also use an image as a link:

<a <a hrefhref="="lastpage.htmlastpage.htm">"><img <img borderborder="="00" " srcsrc="="buttonnext.gifbuttonnext.gif“>“></a></a>

</p></p>


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HTML BackgroundsHTML Backgrounds

The The <body><body> tag has two attributes tag has two attributes where you can specify backgrounds. where you can specify backgrounds. The background can be a color or an The background can be a color or an image.image.

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Backgrounds and bgcolorBackgrounds and bgcolor

The The bgcolorbgcolor attribute sets the attribute sets the background to a color. The value of this background to a color. The value of this attribute can be attribute can be a hexadecimal numbera hexadecimal number, , an an RRGGBB value, or a color name. value, or a color name.

<body<body bgcolorbgcolor="="#000000#000000"">>

<body<body bgcolorbgcolor="="rrggbb((00,,00,,00)")">>

<body<body bgcolorbgcolor="="blackblack"">>

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Backgrounds and bgcolorBackgrounds and bgcolor The background attribute sets the background The background attribute sets the background

to an image. The value of this attribute is the to an image. The value of this attribute is the URL of the image you want to use. If the image URL of the image you want to use. If the image is smaller than the browser window, the image is smaller than the browser window, the image will repeat itself until it fills the entire browser will repeat itself until it fills the entire browser window.window.

<body <body backgroundbackground="="clouds.gifclouds.gif">"><body <body backgroundbackground=“=“http://www.dee.com/clouds.gifhttp://www.dee.com/clouds.gif”>”>

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BackgroundBackground

<html><html><body <body backgroundbackground="="background.jpgbackground.jpg">">

<h3><h3>Look: A background image!Look: A background image!</h3></h3>

<p><p>Both gif and jpg files can be used as HTML Both gif and jpg files can be used as HTML backgrounds.backgrounds.</p></p>

<p><p>If the image is smaller than the page, the image will If the image is smaller than the page, the image will repeat itself.repeat itself.</p></p>


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HTML Fonts AttributesHTML Fonts Attributes

Attribute Attribute Example Example PurposePurpose sizesize="="numbernumber" " sizesize="="22" " Defines the font size Defines the font size sizesize="="+number+number"" sizesize="="+1+1" " Increases the font Increases the font

size size sizesize="="-number-number" " sizesize="="-1-1" " Decreases the font Decreases the font

size size faceface="="face-nameface-name" " faceface= "= "ArialArial" " Defines the font-name Defines the font-name colorcolor="="color-valuecolor-value" " colorcolor="="#eeff00#eeff00" Defines the font color " Defines the font color colorcolor="="color-namecolor-name" " colorcolor="="redred" " Defines the font color Defines the font color

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HTML FontsHTML FontsWith HTML code like this, you can specify both the With HTML code like this, you can specify both the

size and the type of the browser output :size and the type of the browser output :<p><p><font <font sizesize="="22" " faceface="="VerdanaVerdana">">This is a paragraph.This is a paragraph.</font></font></p></p><p><p><font <font sizesize="="33" " faceface=“=“ArialArial">">This is another paragraph.This is another paragraph.</font></font></p> </p>

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HTML StylesHTML Styles


<style><style> Defines a style definition Defines a style definition

<link><link> Defines a resource reference Defines a resource reference

<div><div> Defines a section in a document Defines a section in a document

<span><span> Defines a section in a Defines a section in a document document

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HTML StylesHTML Styles

When a browser reads a style sheet, it When a browser reads a style sheet, it will format the document according to will format the document according to it. There are three ways of inserting a it. There are three ways of inserting a style sheetstyle sheet::

External Style SheetExternal Style Sheet Internal Style SheetInternal Style Sheet Inline StylesInline Styles

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External Style SheetExternal Style Sheet

An external style sheet is ideal when the style is An external style sheet is ideal when the style is applied to many pages. With an external style applied to many pages. With an external style sheet, you can change the look of an entire Web sheet, you can change the look of an entire Web site by changing one file. Each page must link to site by changing one file. Each page must link to the style sheet using the <link> tag. The <link> tag the style sheet using the <link> tag. The <link> tag goes inside the head section.goes inside the head section.

<head><head><link <link relrel="="stylesheetstylesheet" " typetype="="text/csstext/css“ “ hrefhref="="mystyle.cssmystyle.css">">

</head></head>

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Internal Style SheetInternal Style Sheet An internal style sheet should be used when a An internal style sheet should be used when a

single document has a unique style. You define single document has a unique style. You define internal styles in the head section with the internal styles in the head section with the <style> tag.<style> tag.

<head><head><style <style typetype="="text/csstext/css">">

bodybody { {background-colorbackground-color: : redred}}pp { {margin-leftmargin-left: : 20px20px}}</style></style>

</head> </head>

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Inline StylesInline Styles An inline style should be used when a unique style An inline style should be used when a unique style

is to be applied to a single occurrence of an element.is to be applied to a single occurrence of an element.

To use inline styles you use the style attribute in the To use inline styles you use the style attribute in the relevant tag. The style attribute can contain any CSS relevant tag. The style attribute can contain any CSS property. The example shows how to change the property. The example shows how to change the color and the left margin of a paragraph:color and the left margin of a paragraph:

<p <p stylestyle="="colorcolor: : redred; ; margin-leftmargin-left: : 20px20px">">This is a paragraphThis is a paragraph</p></p>

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HTML HeadHTML Head The head element contains general The head element contains general

information, also called meta-information, information, also called meta-information, about a document. Meta means "information about a document. Meta means "information about". about".

You can say that meta-data means You can say that meta-data means information about data, or meta-information information about data, or meta-information means information about information. means information about information.

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The elements inside the head The elements inside the head elementelement

The elements inside the head element should not be The elements inside the head element should not be displayed by a browser. displayed by a browser.

According to the HTML standard, only a few tags are According to the HTML standard, only a few tags are legal inside the head section. These are: <base>, legal inside the head section. These are: <base>, <link>, <meta>, <title>, <style>, and <script>. <link>, <meta>, <title>, <style>, and <script>.

Look at the following illegal construct: Look at the following illegal construct:

<head><head> <p><p>This is some textThis is some text</p></p></head> </head>

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HTML MetaHTML Meta Some search engines on the WWW will use the name and Some search engines on the WWW will use the name and

content attributes of the meta tag to index your pagescontent attributes of the meta tag to index your pages..

This meta element defines a description of your pageThis meta element defines a description of your page: : <meta <meta namename="="descriptiondescription" " contentcontent="="FreeFree WebWeb tutorialstutorials onon

HTML, CSS, XML, and XHTMLHTML, CSS, XML, and XHTML"">>

This meta element defines keywords for your pageThis meta element defines keywords for your page: : <meta <meta namename="="keywordskeywords" " contentcontent="="HTML, DHTML, CSS, XML, HTML, DHTML, CSS, XML,

XHTML, JavaScript, VBScriptXHTML, JavaScript, VBScript"">>

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HTML Uniform Resource HTML Uniform Resource LocatorsLocators UUniform niform RResource esource LLocatorsocators Something called a Uniform Resource Something called a Uniform Resource

Locator (Locator (URLURL) is used to address a document ) is used to address a document (or other data) on the World Wide Web. A full (or other data) on the World Wide Web. A full Web address like this: Web address like this: http://http://www.mysite.com/www.mysite.com/htmlhtml//lastpage.htm lastpage.htm follows these syntax rules:follows these syntax rules:

scheme://scheme://host.domainhost.domain::portport//pathpath/filename/filename

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URL SchemesURL Schemes Some examples of the most common schemes can Some examples of the most common schemes can

be found below:be found below:

Schemes Schemes Access Access filefile a file on your local PC a file on your local PC ftpftp a file on an FTP server a file on an FTP server httphttp a file on a World Wide Web Server a file on a World Wide Web Server gophergopher a file on a Gopher server a file on a Gopher server newsnews a Usenet newsgroup a Usenet newsgroup telnettelnet a Telnet connection a Telnet connection WAISWAIS a file on a WAIS servera file on a WAIS server

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HTML Uniform Resource HTML Uniform Resource LocatorsLocators The The schemescheme is defining the type of Internet is defining the type of Internet

service. The most common type is http. service. The most common type is http. The domain is defining the Internet The domain is defining the Internet domaindomain

name like name like mysite.commysite.com..

The The hosthost is defining the domain host. If is defining the domain host. If omitted, the default host for omitted, the default host for http is wwwhttp is www..

The The ::portport is defining the port number at the is defining the port number at the host. The port number is normally omitted. host. The port number is normally omitted. The default port number for The default port number for http is http is 8080. .

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HTML Uniform Resource HTML Uniform Resource LocatorsLocators The The pathpath is defining a path (a sub directory) is defining a path (a sub directory)

at the server. If the path is omitted, the at the server. If the path is omitted, the resource (the document) resource (the document) must be located at must be located at the root directory of the Web sitethe root directory of the Web site..

The The filenamefilename is defining the name of a is defining the name of a document. document. The default filename might be The default filename might be index.phpindex.php, or , or index.htmlindex.html or something else or something else depending on the settings of the depending on the settings of the Web serverWeb server..

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Accessing a NewsgroupAccessing a Newsgroup

The following HTML code:The following HTML code:

<a <a hrefhref="="newsnews::alt.htmlalt.html"> "> NewsgroupNewsgroup</a></a>

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Downloading with FTPDownloading with FTP


<a <a hrefhref="="ftp://ftp://www.mysite.com/game.exewww.mysite.com/game.exe"> "> Download GameDownload Game

</a></a>

(The link doesn't work. Don't try it. It is just an (The link doesn't work. Don't try it. It is just an example. mysite doesn't really have an ftp example. mysite doesn't really have an ftp directory.)directory.)

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Link to your Mail systemLink to your Mail system


<a <a hrefhref="="mailto:mailto:[email protected]@yahoo.com">"> [email protected]@yahoo.com

</a></a>

creates a link to your own mail system like creates a link to your own mail system like this:this:

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HTML ScriptsHTML Scripts A script in HTML is defined with the <script> A script in HTML is defined with the <script>

tag. Note that you will have to use the type tag. Note that you will have to use the type attribute to specify the scripting language.attribute to specify the scripting language.

<html><html><head></head><head></head><body><body>

<script<script typetype="="text/javascripttext/javascript"">> document.document.writewrite("("HelloHello World!World!")")</script></script>

</body></body></html> </html>

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HTML ScriptsHTML Scripts


<script><script> Defines a script Defines a script

<noscript><noscript> Defines an alternate text if the Defines an alternate text if the script is not executed script is not executed

<object><object> Defines an embedded object Defines an embedded object

<param><param> Defines run-time settings Defines run-time settings (parameters) for an object (parameters) for an object

<applet><applet> Deprecated. Use <object> Deprecated. Use <object> instead instead

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HTML ScriptsHTML Scripts

JavaScriptJavaScript::<script<script typetype="="texttext//javascriptjavascript"">><><<//script>script>

VBScriptVBScript::<script<script typetype="="texttext//vbscriptvbscript"">><><<//script>script>

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<noscript><noscript>

JavaScriptJavaScript::

<script<script typetype="="texttext//javascriptjavascript"">>

<>

<<//script>script>


Your browser does not support JavaScriptYour browser does not support JavaScript!!

<<//noscript> noscript>

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VBScriptVBScript::

<script<script typetype="="texttext//vbscriptvbscript"">>

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<<//script>script>

<noscript><noscript>Your browser does not Your browser does not support VBScriptsupport VBScript!!<<//noscript>noscript>

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HTML Web ServerHTML Web Server

Personal Web Server Personal Web Server ((PWSPWS)) Internet Information Server Internet Information Server ((IISIIS))Apache Apache ((LinuxLinux))Etc.Etc.

1 Introduction to HTML II กนกวรรธน์ เซี่ยงเจ็น สำนักวิชาเทคโนโลยีสารสนเทศ...

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