1- Introduction to A&P

Office Hours

Mr. Chubb Tues. : noon – 1:00 pm Wed. : 12:30 pm- 2:00 pm and by appt. Mendel G24D

Dr. Gibbs Wed. : 11:30 am- 12:30 pm and by appt. Mendel G63C

Other Announcements1. Labs start Monday

a) Please dress accordingly

2. Connecta) First two chapter of Module 1 are in place

b) Others will be done this weekend

3. Tegritya) First lecture is being recorded today

b) Can access it on line through connect

4. Booksa) In books store and they come with connect plus

5. New Students???

Introduction to A&P

Chapter

1

Fig. 1.3

Outline for Today

A. Definitions

B. Properties of Living Things

C. Hierarchy of Structural Complexity

D. Organ System Overview

E. Homeostasis and Feedback

A. Definitions

Insight. 1.5a

Anatomy

• Study of form

• Gross– Macroscopic– Why are they studying

more than one cadaver?

• Histology– Microscopic

Fig. 1.1

Fig. 5.8a

What anatomy entails

• Observation of surface structure• Cadaver dissection - cutting & separation of

tissues to study their relationships• Comparative anatomy is the study of more than

one species to analyze evolutionary trends– In the lab portion we will examine non-human organs

and organisms• Why non-humans? Are we looking for evolutionary trends?

• Physical examination– palpation, auscultation, percussion

Physiology

• Study of function

• Physio = mechanics

Fig. 9.8a

Combining the two

Anatomy – study of FORM

Physiology – study of FUNCTION

FORM = FUNCTION

B. Properties of Living Things

Properties of Living Things

• Organization (Order)– This takes energy

• Biochemical Unity (Cellular Composition)

Fig. 3.5

Properties of Living Things

• Metabolism/Excretion

• Responsiveness

Fig. 12.1 (4th Ed)

Properties of Living Things

• Growth and Development– Differentiation– Growth

Properties of Living Things

• Reproduction (mitosis)

Fig. 4.16

Properties of Living Things

• Evolution –

species exhibit genetic changes from generation to generation

• Are you personally evolving?

http://www.todayinliterature.com/biography/charles.darwin.asp

No

C. Hierarchy of Structural Complexity

Fig. 1.7

Hierarchy of Structural Complexity

• Atoms & Molecules– (assuming you know

this from chemistry)

• Macromolecules

Fig. 2.7

Fig. 4.2a

Hierarchy of Structural Complexity

• Organelles

• Cells

Fig. 3.29

Fig. 3.3

Hierarchy of Structural Complexity

• Tissues

• Organs

Fig. 5.8a

Hierarchy of Structural Complexity

• Systems

• Organisms

3rd. Ed.

Fig. A.11f

D. Organ System Overview

Organ System Overview

• Protection, Support, and Movement

Skeletal3rd. Ed. Fig. A.11b

Muscular3rd. Ed. Fig. A.11c

Integumentary3rd. Ed. Fig. A.11a

Organ System Overview

• Internal Communication

Nervous System3rd. Ed. Fig. A.11d

Endocrine System3rd. Ed. Fig. A11.e

Organ System Overview

• Fluid Transport of nutrients and hormones

Cardiovascular System3rd. Ed. Fig. A.11f

Lymphatic System3rd. Ed. Fig. A11g

Organ System Overview

• Defense

Integumentary3rd. Ed. Fig. A.11a

Nervous System3rd. Ed. Fig. A.11d

Immune3rd. Ed. Fig. 18.1a

Organ System Overview

• Input & Output

Respiratory3rd. Ed. Fig. A.11h

Digestive3rd. Ed. Fig. A.11j

Urinary3rd. Ed. Fig. A.11i

Integumentary3rd. Ed. Fig. A.11a

Organ System Overview

• Reproduction

♀ Reproductive3rd. Ed. Fig. A.11l

♂Reproductive3rd. Ed. Fig. A.11k

E. Homeostasis and Feedback

Fig. 1.9

4. Homeostasis and Feedback

• Homeostasis = “steady state”– Relatively stable internal environment despite changes in the

external environment– Body temperature of 36-37 oC despite the outside temperature

• Systems work (expend energy) to maintain this

Fig. 1.9b

Charles Blagden 1748-1820

45 minutes at 260(with dog and piece of steak)

Role of sweating

4. Homeostasis and Feedback

• Establish set points for many things– Temperature, pH, BP, HR, respiratory rate, blood

glucose levels• Maintenance requires complex control

– Loss of homeostasis is problematic

Fig. 1.9b

Homeostasis and Feedback

Loop implies beginning and end are the same

Fig. 1.9

Elements of a Feedback Control Loop

Establishes set point or“normal”

Determine response

Senses changeMonitors system

Change insystem

Effects a response

Two Types of FeedbackNegative OR Positive

iii

i

v

ii iv

Homeostasis and Feedback

Types of Control Mechanisms

• Negative Feedback– Process in which the

body senses a change and activates mechanisms that reverse or negate it

– Resp Stim– Compare to thermostat

-

Fig. 1.10

Homeostasis and Feedback

Types of Control Mechanisms

• Positive Feedback– Response works to

enhance the internal stimulus

– Resp Stim+

Fig. 1.12

Types of Control Mechanisms

Few examples of positive feedback: things get out of control;Only way to break out of loop is to ELIMINATE the stimulus

Many examples of negative feedback: prevents things from getting out of control; keeps essential functions close to the norm