1 Introduction of DESIRE Desertification mitigation and remediation of land - -a global approach for local solutions – 《土地荒漠化减缓与治理研究》 简 介 李 锐

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Introduction of DESIREDesertification mitigation and remediation of land

-a global approach for local solutions –

《土地荒漠化减缓与治理研究》

简 介李 锐 LI RUI

中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所 (ISWC)

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目 录 CONTENTS

一、立项背景 BACKGROUND二、研究方案 APPROACHES三、预期目标 OUTCOMES

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立项背景 BACKGROUND

Land degradation and desertification threatens over 1 billion people in more than 110 countries around the world土地退化和荒漠化威胁到 110 个国家10 亿人口(The Global Mechanism, UNCCD)

Approximately 40% of the global land area is considered dryland. Drylands are inhabited by over 2 billion people worldwide全球 40% 的土地是旱地，涉及到 20亿人(World Resources Institute)

Desertification makes 12 million hectares of land useless for cultivation every year每年因荒漠化有 1200 万公顷耕地不能再耕种。

(Atlas of Population and Environment)

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Drylands are mainly found along two East-West fringes at 15-350 latitude in both the north and south hemispheres旱地主要分布在南北半球的纬度 15-35 度 范围

立项背景 BACKGROUND

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立项背景 BACKGROUND

EU launched a call for an Integrated Project on the topic of “Combating land degradation and desertification” in the last FP6-2005 Global Change and Ecosystems Program 针对上述需求，欧洲共同体 2005 年提出要加强综合集成研究 , 准备列专项研究土地荒漠化与土地退化。

The DESIRE proposal has been submitted in this context, and thereupon granted for funding in 2006 2006 年来自 20 个国家 ,30 个单位联合提出 DESIRE （土地荒漠化减缓与治理）项目申请 , 并获得欧洲共同体批准立项。

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Project duration will be 5 years, Total project budget is > 9 million Euro, of which around 7 million from the EU and the remainder part from different national governments.

项目执行时间为 5 年 , 总投资 900 多万欧元 , 其中 700 万由欧共体提供 , 其余部分由几个国家提供 .

Funding of 9 019 000 euro

Others23%

Eu77%

Funding others

Italian Ministry of Education and

Research14%

Australian Department of

Industry, Science and Tourism

8%

United States Department of

Agriculture8%

Netherlands Ministry of Education, Culture and

Science10%

French Ministry of Research

11%NUFFIC/DGIS

15%

Netherlands Ministry of Agriculture,

Nature Management and Fisheries

20%

Spanish Ministry of Environment

14%

Funding of 9 019 000 euro

Others23%

Eu77%

研究方案 APPROACHES

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Alterra, WU, BothEnds, ISRIC, ITCThe Netherlands

KULBelgium

UL, UWSUnited Kingdom

EEZE-CSICSpain

UA, ESACPortugal

CNR, MEDESItaly

UB-CDESwitzerland

AUA, DuthGreece

EOUTurkey

UMMorocco

IRATunisia

ISWCChina

CARI, IRDFrance

UBBotswana

CUUSA

DUAustralia

MSUEERussia

INIDACape Verde

INIAChile

IRDMexico

研究方案 APPROACHES

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EU and national governments

Universities Research institutes

NGOs and SMEs

Stakeholders and end-usersCommunity level用户层

NGO level非政府层

Research level研究层

Policy level政策层

研究方案 APPROACHES

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The project distinguishes three phases ( 三个阶段 )

1. Diagnostic phase ( 诊断阶段 )

biophysical, socio-economical, political and institutional evaluation of the 18 hotspot sites

2. Synthesis and implementation phase( 综合集成与实施阶段 )

assessment of stakeholder needs, know how, realities, and selection and testing of promising prevention and remediation strategies

3. Dissemination phase,( 宣传推广阶段 )

focusing on developing a harmonized information system, preparation of guidelines, recommendations, and practical handbooks for end-users etc.

研究方案 APPROACHES

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研究方案 APPROACHES

The WOCAT database will be used as a starting point for selecting potentially available soil and water conservation measures for the DESIRE study sites, and for adding new technologies developed during the course of the project

项目将应用 WOCAT 数据库作为起点选择可用的措施 , 研究开发新的技术 .

The WOCAT methodology was originally developed for solving problems related to soil erosion and fertility decline

WOCAT 是为防治水土流失开展的一个国际性合作项目 .

(www.wocat.net)

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耕作措施 Agronomic measures such as mixed cropping, contour cultivation, mulching, etc.

生物措施 Vegetative measures such as grass strips, hedge barriers, windbreaks, etc.

工程措施 Structural measures such as terraces, banks, bunds, constructions, palisades, etc

管理措施 Management measures such as land use change, area closure, rotational grazing, etc. 综合措施 Combinations in conditions where they are complementary and thus enhancing each other. Any combinations of the above measures are possible.

研究方案 APPROACHES

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Diagnostic phase

Synthesis and implementation phase

Dissemination phase

WB 1: Environmental and socio-economical context

Coordinating partner: 17Participants: 1,4-13,15,16,18-24,26-28

WB 2: Land degradation indicators

Coordinating partner: 9Participants: 1,2,4-8,10-13,15,18,20-23,26-28

WB 4: Implementation and monitoring phase

Coordinating partner: 21Participants: 1,3,4-15,18,20,22-24,26-28

WB 5: Regional evaluation of remediation strategies

Coordinating partner: 3Participants: 1-2,5,7-9,11,15,16,18,19,21-24,26-28

WB 6: Dissemination

Coordinating partner: 25Participants: 1,3,4-13,15-22,24,26-28

WB 3: Defining potential prevention and mitigation strategies

Coordinating partner: 5Participants: 1,2,4,6,7,9-13,15-23,26-28

研究方案 APPROACHES

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In 18 countries, hotspot study areas have been selected

研究方案 APPROACHES

Loess Loess PlateauPlateau

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Loess Plateau locates at the middle reaches of Yellow River Basin

North Water and Wind Erosion

Central Hilly with Gully

SouthTableland with gully

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South Region---Tableland with gully South Region---Tableland with gully （高原沟壑区）（高原沟壑区）

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Eroded Tableland Eroded Tableland

ISWC, CAS/MWR, YANGLING ,CHINA

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Middle Region---Hilly with Gully

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Eroded loess landscapeEroded loess landscape

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Hilly and Gully RegionHilly and Gully Region

（丘陵沟壑区）（丘陵沟壑区）

ISWC, CAS/MWR, YANGLING ,CHINA

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Ephemeral gully distribution

at hill-slopes

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North Region---Water and Wind Erosion

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Wind erosion region

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Wind Erosion

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DeforestationForested land occupies less than 12% of total land, only 6.5% of forestland can control soil erosion.

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Pasture Degradation

Grassland occupies about 30.5% of total land, 69% of grassland is degraded caused by overgrazing.

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Cropping on the Slope LandOn the hilly-gully region, above 60% of cropland located at more than 15 of slope land, including above 20% located at more than 25of slope land.

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Grade of erosion

Amount of soil lost through erosion (tons/km2/year)

Area (km2) Proportion of total (%)

Very slight < 1,000 (500)a 99,434 15.94

Slight 1,000(500)--2,500 192,348 30.83

Moderate 2,500--5,000 40,622 6.51

Severe 5,000--10,000 111,384 17.85

Very severe 10,000--15,000 94,162 15.00

Extreme > 15,000 86,049 13.79

Soil erosion rate on the Loess Plateau.

Source: Tang Keli (lecture notes on soil erosion and conservation in China for the 2nd International Training Course on Soil and Water Conservation, September 1993.

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The Loess Plateau considered as one of the national key projects of SWC

Establish Experiment and demonstration sites to provide different models for SWC

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Planting trees in fish-scale pits

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Vegetation Restoration

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Vegetation Restoration

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1.To develop prevention and remediation strategies against desertification and land degradation in 18 hotspot areas in the world

提出全世界选定的 18 个研究区土地荒漠化与退化防治战略对策2. To develop new preventing and curing strategies and ex

pand the WOCAT database.

研究开发新防治技术 , 丰富和扩展 WOCAT 数据库3.To disseminate results to different fora, amongst

others using a web-based harmonized information system

通过建立网络信息系统等方式宣传研究成果 , 扩大效果 .

预期目标 OUTCOMES

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