1 INTRODUCTION CABLE YARDING OPERATIONS HIGHLEAD, LIVE SKYLINE, RUNNING SKYLINE DEMONSTRATION/CONTEST FOR 420 Feb 1, 2001 James Hart Cable Logging, Equipment & Systems
Mar 30, 2015
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INTRODUCTIONCABLE YARDING OPERATIONSHIGHLEAD, LIVE SKYLINE, RUNNING SKYLINEDEMONSTRATION/CONTEST
FOR 420Feb 1, 2001
James Hart
Cable Logging, Equipment & Systems
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CABLE YARDING• CABLE YARDING - MOVEMENT OF LOGS FROM
STUMP SITE TO LANDING USING A MACHINE
EQUIPPED WITH MULTIPLE DRUMS (OR
WINCHES) OPERATED FROM STATIONALRY
POSITIONS IN THE LANDINGS.
• FIRST STEAM DONKEY (SMALL YARDER WITH A
VERTICAL BOILER) WAS INVENTED ~1881 BY
JOHN DOLBEER TO GROUND SKID LOGS IN
OREGON
• FIRST SKYLINE CABLE SYSTEM USED IN
MICHIGAN ~ 1886 BY HORACE BUTTLER.
• SYSTEMS STILL IN USE
OLD PNW YARDER
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BASIC CABLE YARDING SYSTEM COMPONENTS
• YARDER - TYPICALLY A RECTANGULAR FRAME BUILT FROM I BEAMS, WITH ENGINE AND DRUMS
• TOWER, WITH GUY LINES
• WIRE ROPE 6 STRANDS OF 19 WIRES EACH– MAIN LINE 1-1.25” -- HAULBACK LINE 3/4-7/8”
– SKYLINE 1.5-2” -- OTHER MISC.
• BLOCKS - PULLEYS
• CKOKER - SHORT FLEXIBLE WIRE ROPE
• BUTT RIGGING - COMBINATION OF CHAINLINKS, CLEVISES, AND SWIVELS CONNECTING
– MAIN HAUL LINE
– CHOKER OR GRAPPLE, AND
– HAUL-BACK LINES
• CARRAGE - COMBINATION OF PULLEYS, CABLE, ETC. THAT RIDE ON SKYLINE, ARE PULLED BY MAINLINE AND MAYBE A HAUL-BACK LINE, HAVE CHOKERS OR A GRAPPLE; AND PERHAPS A SLACKLINE
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HIGHLEAD SYSTEM
• CLEARCUTS
• CONSTANT SLOPES
• 30-70% SLOPES, 1000’
DISTANCES
• UPHILL YARDING
• 2 DRUM YARDERS
• DRUM -- MAINLINE --
BUTT RIGGING (with
CHOKERS/GRAPPLE) --
HAUL-BACK LINE (with
BLOCKS) -- DRUM
• 20 LOGS/DAY
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HIGHLEAD SYSTEM [CONT]
SKAGIT 3-DRUM PORTABLE TOWERWITH GUY LINES
CABLE LOGGED CORRIDOR IN PNW
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LIVE SKYLINE SYSTEM• SKYLINE LIFTS LOGS • LIVE SKYLINE MOVES
UP/DOWN TO GET CARRAGE TO LOGS
• 2-DRUM YARDER IS ELEVATED, USES GRAVITY AND NO HAUL-BACK LINE
• 30-90% SLOPES, 500-4000’ • DRUM -- SKYLINE --ANCHOR
(or TAIL-SPAR TOWER)• DRUM -- MAINLINE --
CARRAGE (with CHOKERS OR GRAPPLE)
• ELEVATED OPERATION– ALLOWS PARTIAL CUTS – DECREASES DISTURBANCE
• 470 LOGS/DAY
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RUNNING SKYLINE SYSTEM• 3rd DRUM FOR HAULBACK
LINE • DRUM -- SKYLINE --ANCHOR (or
TAIL-SPAR TOWER)
• DRUM -- MAINLINE -- CARRAGE (with CHOKERS OR GRAPPLE) - HAUL-BACK - DRUM
• ELEVATED SKYLINE– ALLOWS PARTIAL CUTS
– DECREASES DISTURBANCE
• UPHILL OPERATION
• 4th-DRUM CAN ADD SLACK-PULLER TO LOWER/RAISE CABLE AND KEEP SKYLINE STATIC
• 30-90% SLOPES, 500-4000’
SLACK-PULLER CARRAGE
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CABLE LOGGING SYSTEMS------------------------------------------ ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES• can yard logs over ground
on which tractors cannot operate
• Running skylines operate in any direction– up-slope– down-slope
• operate in any weather• less damaging to soil than
tractor skidding• operates faster than tractor
on same terrain
• limited primarily by the line capacities of the yarder drums
• the high-lead is used for only clear-cut
• the cost of moving, and changing yarding road are fixed, not efficient for low volumes of harvesting
• High costs per unit for low values per acre discriminates against small log operations
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OPTIMUM DISTANCES AND SLOPES FOR LOGGING SYSTEMS
HORSES?0-10%, 200-400’>10%, 100’
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS?EROSION / SEDIMENTATIONLONG-TERM PRODUCTIVITY LOSSHIGH STREAM TEMPERATURESSPECIES HABITAT LOSS