1 INSTITUTE of SOLID STATE PHYSICS Founded 1972 18 Laboratories and Theoretical Department Staff - 180, Scientific staff - 100 In the field of atomic and.

11

INSTITUTE of SOLID STATE PHYSICS

Founded 1972

18 Laboratories and Theoretical Department

Staff - 180, Scientific staff - 100

In the field of atomic and plasma physics

1.Optics and Spectroscopy

2. Atomic Spectroscopy

3. Metal Vapour Lasers

22

Laboratory Atomic Spectroscopy

1. Employment of HCD for analytical investigations – analyses of layer-by-layer surface of the complex material.- Dr. V. Mihailov

2. Investigation of plasma electron spectroscopy and applications – Dr. P. Pramatarov, Dr. M. Stefanova3. Atomic constants, atomic spectroscopy and application – Prof. K. Blagoev4. Quantum optics – Dr. E. Dimova

33

Atomic structure, atomic constants G. Malcheva K. Blagoev

4

()

I(t)

tAki

Akb

Aka

fik b

a

k

i

Experimental methods for lifetimes and transition probabilities determination

Radiative lifetimes

- time evolution of the population

* Beam foil/laser

* time resolved method with:

++ electron excitation

++ laser excitation ( LIF)

- width of the excited states

+ Hanle method

Transition probabilities – branching fractions I = 1/Aik

Aik = (1/i)(Ii/Ij)

5

Radiative lifetimes of excited states

- time evolution of the population

* Beam foil/laser

* time resolved method with:

++ electron excitation

++ laser excitation ( LIF)

- width of the excited states

+ Hanle method

6

Motivation

• Obtaining new information about atomic structure and radiative properties;

• New or more precise data for radiative lifetimes and transition probabilities in application for:

laser physics, plasma physics and especially for astrophysics

• Verification of theoretical methods

7

List of the investigated atomic spectraRadiative lifetimes of high lying excited states of NeII,ArII,KrII,XeII –

delayed coincidence method with pulsed electron excitation- Radiative lifetimes and transition probabilities of atoms and ions of

IIB, IIA groupHg I - LIF and DC methods and HF calculations,Hg II - Delayed coincidence method with electron excitation,Hg III – Delayed coincidence method,Cd I, II - LIF method, HF calculation, branching ratio,Cd III - Delayed coincidence method with electron excitation,Zn I, I – LIF method and HF calculations,AgII, CuII – transition probabilities, branching ratio

Radiative lifetimes of some transition elementsZr I, Zr II, III – LIF method and HF calculation Hf I, Hf III – LIF method and HF calculation Nb I LIF, calculationsYI, Y III LIF, calculationsTb I , LIF in progress

8

1D

2

3P

2

3F

4

Hg+

3D

3

1P

1

1850

1269

99

E (

x 10-3 c

m-1)

5d10

6p2

8

8

8

8

7

67

77

7

7

6

6

6

6

6

HgI 5d10

6s2 1S

0

3D

3

3D

2

3D

1

3P

2

3P

1

3P

0

3S

1

5d96s

26p'

1S

0

1P

1

1D

2

0

30

40

50

60

70

80

9

VACUUMSYSTEM GAS

INLET

POWERSUPPLY

ELECTRONGUN

MONOCHROMATORPMP

GENERATOR TIME – AMPLITUDECONVERTOR

AMPLIFIER

ADCPC CAMAC

AMPLIFIER

t=10 ns

Experimental method and experimental set-up

10

Table 2. Radiative Lifetimes of n3P states of HgI(ns)

Experiment Theory

State [1] DC 2002

[2] Hanle, 1975

[3] , =1/Aik

1987

[4]

8p3P0 248 213

8p3P1 167 61 42 177

8p3P2 156 95 145

9p3P0 339

9p3P1 135 79 124

9p3P2 41

10p3P2 375 44

1. K. Blagoev et al Proc SPIE,v5226, 164(2002), Proc. EGAS34,186(2002)2. E. Alipieva et al Opt. Sprctr. 43,529(1977);3. W. J. Alford et al Phys. Rev A36, 641(1987);4. P. Hafner et al J. Phys. B 11, 2975(1978)

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  Experiment Theory

State [1]LIF

[2] e-ph

[3] =1/Aik

[4] BF

[5]BF

[6]

6p1P 1.3 1.35 1.27 1.2

7p1P 26 12

8p1P 72 38

9p1P 10 10

10p1P 55.6 51 41

1. K. Blagoev et al proc. SPIE, v. 5256,164(2002); 2. G. C. King et al J. Phys. B B8, 365(1975); 3. W. J. Alford et al Phys. Rev A36, 641(1987); 4. E. H. Pinnington et al Canadian J of Physics, 66, 960(1988); 5. T. Anderson et al JQSRT 13,369(1973); 6. P. Hafner et al J. Phys. B 11, 2975(1978)

Table 1. Radiative Lifetimes of np1P states of HgI(ns).

12

Experiment Theory

State [1]DC

[2]e-ph

[3] =1/Aik

[4]BF

[5]BF

[6]

6p1P1 1.3 1.35 1.27 1.2

7p1P1 26 12

8p1P1 72 38

9p1P1 10 10

5d96s26p 1P1 5.3

10p1P1 55.6 51 41

Table 1a. Radiative Lifetimes of np P states of HgI(ns).

K.Blagoev et al Proc. SPIE, v4397, p. 256

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Delaygenerat

or

Helmholtzcoil

Topview

Ablation laser

Nd:YAGlaser (A)

Rotating Zr target

MCPPMT

MonochromatorTransientDigitizer

Computer

Trigger

KDP BBO

Sideview

Trigger

Nd:YAGlaser (B)

SBScompress

or

Dyelaser

Time Resolved Laser Induced Fluorescence Equipment in Lund Laser Centre

14

H2

Raman cell

Lens Lens Pelin-Broca prism

Generation of necessary frequencies using second, third harmonic and Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman components.

15

16

17

List of the investigated atomic spectraRadiative lifetimes of high lying excited states of NeII,ArII,KrII,XeII –

delayed coincidence method with pulsed electron excitation- Radiative lifetimes and transition probabilities of atoms and ions of

IIB, IIA groupHg I - LIF and DC methods and HF calculations,Hg II - Delayed coincidence method with electron excitation,Hg III – Delayed coincidence method,Cd I, II - LIF method, HF calculation, branching ratio,Cd III - Delayed coincidence method with electron excitation,Zn I, I – LIF method and HF calculations,AgII, CuII – transition probabilities, branching ratio

Radiative lifetimes of some transition elementsZr I, Zr II, III – LIF method and HF calculation Hf I, Hf III – LIF method and HF calculation Nb I - LIF, calculationsYI, Y III - LIF, calculationsTb I - LIF in progress

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Table2. Excitation schemes

Level E, cm-1 Starting level

Starting level, cm-1

exc

(nm)air

obs

(nm)air

4d5p z1D2o 53647.21 4d2 1D2 5741.5 208.68 286.9 3

4d5p z3D1o 55614.42 4d2 3P0 8062.0 210.23 268.6 3

4d5p z3D2o 56435.65 4d2 3P1 8325.6 207.79 265.6 3

4d5p z3D3o 57346.83 4d2 3P2 8838.2 206.08 264.4 3

4d5p z3F2o 55555.63 4d2 3P1 8325.6 211.66 269.0 3

Table 1. Radiative Lifetimes of Zr III excited levels (data in ns).

LevelEnergy, Experiment Theory.

cm-1 This work This work [7] [3]

4d5p z1D2o 53647.21 1.70(20) 1.52 1.53 1.48

4d5p z3D1o 55614.42 1.10(15) 0.95 0.96 0.91

4d5p z3D2o 56435.65 1.15(10) 0.92 0.94 0.89

4d5p z3D3o 57346.83 1.05(15) 0.92 0.93 0.89

4d5p z3F2o 55555.63 1.90(20) 1.55 1.55 1.51

R. Mayo, J. Campos, M. Ortiz, H. Xu, S. Svanberg , G. Malcheva and K. BlagoevEur. Phys. J: D40,169,2006.

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0 5 10 15 20 25 30

1000

800

600

400

200

0

0

- signal - fit - laser pulse - residual

Inte

nsi

ty(A

rb. U

nits

)

Time (ns)

A typical experimental time-resolved signal from the 53647.21 cm−1 level in Zr III.

20

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

42

3

1

Time (ns)

Inte

nis

ty (

arb

. un

its)

3 Gauss

60 Gauss98 Gauss

134 Gauss

168 Gauss

202 Gauss0 100 200 300 400 500

21

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Inte

nsity (

arb

. u

nits)

Time (ns)

134 Gauss

22

()

I(t)

tAki

Akb

Aka

fik b

a

k

i

Experimental methods for lifetimes and transition probabilities determination

Radiative lifetimes

- time evolution of the population

* Beam foil/laser

* time resolved method with:

++ electron excitation

++ laser excitation ( LIF)

- width of the excited states

+ Hanle method

Transition probabilities – branching fractions

I = 1/Aik, Aik = (1/i)(Ii/Ij)

23

Принцип на действие на лазерно-индуцираната спектроскопия (LIBS)

24

Nd-YAGLaser

Monochromator Photodetector

AmplifierDelayOscilloscope

OMA III Computer

Laser parameters: 1064 nm, 20 Hz, t = 7 ns, E = 240 mJ.

Transition probabilities - LIBS

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0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000Au II

291.82 Au II

291.35 Au II

Au II

Au I

289.33 Au II

Au I

Au II

Au I 500 ns

300 ns

200 ns

100 ns

Wavelength (nm)295.83285.55

Rel

ativ

e in

tens

ities

(ar

b. u

.)Time dependence of Au I and Au II spectra

26

LIBS in archaeologyLIBS in archaeology

27

Nd:YAG laser (Quanta Ray GC3),λ = 1064 nmE = 700-800 mJT≈ 10 ns; 10 Hz

Eschelle spectrometer (Mechelle 5000)

Sample

28

29

30

Spectrum from silver sample obtained by Meshele 5000

300 400 500 600 700

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

160000

180000

589.0Na I

546.5

520.9

Ag I

Ag I

422.7Cu II

393.3Cu II

338.3Ag I

324.7

Inte

nsity,

arb

. u

nits

Wavelength, nm

Cu I

Ag I328.0

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LIBS in Art

32

LIBS

33

J. Campos, M. Ortiz,R. Mayo - Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain;

-H. L. Xu, S. Svanberg, L. Engstr¨om, H. Lundberg - Lund Institute of Technology, Lund, Sweden

- H. Nilsson - Lund Observatory, Lund, Sweden

-E. Biémont, P. Quinet, V. Fivet - Université de Liège, Liège 1, Belgium

-P. Palmeri - Astrophysique et Spectroscopie, - Universit´e de Mons– UMONS, Mons, Belgium

-Acknowledgements-Laser lab in Europe -Bulgarian National Science Foundation

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Thank you