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Cooling Tower layout issues
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Low quality sensors lead to wrong resultsSite Seagate City
Subj Chiller Performances per Energy Audit data by Others
Description Ch 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
CHW Set Temp 5.5 5.5 5.5 - 5.5
CHWS T ( degC ) 5.8 5.8 6.3 6.1 5.8
CHWR T ( degC ) 11.2 10.8 11.1 10.9 11.3
dT 5.4 5.0 4.8 4.8 5.5
Design 30.5 30.5 30.5 30.5 30.5
CWS Temp ( degC ) 29.7 29.6 30.1 30.1 30.5
CWR Temp ( degC ) 33.8 34.2 34.6 33.8 35.3
dT 4.1 4.6 4.5 3.7 4.8
Design kW 730.0 730.0 730.0 730.0 730.0
% RLA Avg 87.0 90.3 98.0 91.7 93.7
A 85.0 89.0 95.0 89.0 88.0
B 90.0 93.0 100.0 94.0 100.0
C 86.0 89.0 99.0 92.0 93.0
Approach Temp Cond 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.0 0.4
Approach Temp Evap 1.5 2.3 2.0 2.1 1.3
IGV position % 100 100 97.1 100 86.9
Remark Limit by Vane stop Lim by I lim by I -
Flow CHW Lo 2960 2500 3150 3100 3700
Flow CHW Hi 3500 3000 3650 3350 3700
Design RTon 1,250 1,250 1,250 1,250 1,250
RTon Lo 1,199 938 1,134 1,116 1,526
RTon Hi 1,418 1,125 1,314 1,206 1,526
RTon Average measured 1,308 1,031 1,224 1,161 1,526
RTon Average at 100% 1,504 1,142 1,249 1,267 1,629
Design kW/Ton 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.58
Efficiency Lo 0.53 0.70 0.63 0.60 0.45
Efficiency Hi 0.45 0.59 0.54 0.55 0.45
Efficiency Avg 0.49 0.64 0.59 0.58 0.45
Note :
Per Others Data, all Chillers are peformance within design or better !!
Chiller efficiency too good to be true !!
Filling in other trended data revealed questionable results
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SingPost Energy Efficiency Project
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CT456
CT123
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Y 9
00 R
T
Y 9
00 R
T
Y 4
50 R
T
Y 4
50 R
T
Y 9
00 R
T
Y 9
00 R
T
Y 9
00 R
T
Decoupler
CWR
CWS
CHWS
CHWR
PCHWP
SCHWP
CWP
Cooling Tower
Baseline Monitoring Points
CH1 CH2 CH3 CH4 CH5 CH6 CH7
schwp1 schwp2 schwp3 schwp4 schwp5 schwp6
chwp1 chwp2 chwp3 chwp4 chwp5 chwp6 chwp7
cwp1
cwp2
cwp3
cwp4
cwp5
cwp6
cwp7
CT123
CT456
F F F
F
F
F
Makeup water
F
Makeup waterF Ultrasonic Flow meter
T
T
T
T T
TT
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
TT Manually Calibrated 10k/30k Thermistors
P PP
P P P
P P P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P P P P P P P
PP
PPPP
P Power/Current sensor
W123
W456
W Weather station
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Header CHWS (25th Nov to 19th Dec, 2006)
Header Chilled Water Supply Temperature
4.2% < 6.85 °C < 86.3%
Average: 7.626 °C
71% < 8.05 °C < 22.4%
Component’s Average
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Chiller Plant System Performance (kW/RT)
PUMPS, TOWERS, CHILLERS
SINGAPORE WEATHER CONDITIONS
~2.00 kW/RT
1.00~1.20
kW/RT
~0.90 kW/RT
~0.70 kW/RT
~0.60 kW/RT
~0.55kW/RT
POOR DESIGN,
O&M
AVERAGE
ENERGY SMART(100%)
GOOD PRACTIC
E(-22%)
EXCELLENT PRACTICE
(-33%)
BESTPRACTICE
(-39%)
NOTESNOTES
::1. Chiller plant lifetime 15 ~ 20 years
2. Fossil fuel prices increasing
3. IPCC report says Global Warming serious problem
4. Once you commit $$$ to retrofits, you are unlikely to upgrade for many years