1 IMPLEMENTING THE NATIONAL ICT POLICY AND PLAN IN RWANDA A SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS David K.KANAMUGIRE Rwanda Information Technology Authority Open Access.

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IMPLEMENTING THE NATIONAL ICT POLICY AND PLAN IN RWANDA A SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS

David K.KANAMUGIRERwanda Information Technology Authority

Open Access 2004

Stockholm, May 11-12th 2004

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Country InformationPop. 8,128,553 (08/2002)

< 14 years old: 49%

< 20 years old: 60%

+/- 400,000 are orphans; +/- 20% of head their household

Male: 46%Female: 54% (estimated 42% are widowed) 35% of all households are headed by women

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Country Information

Land Area: 26,338 square kilometers

Location: Between 1 – 3 deg. latitude south and 29- 31deg. longitude east 75 miles from the Equator; 880 miles from the Indian Ocean; 1250 miles from the Atlantic Ocean

Altitude: Most of the country lies above 1000 m, with half of it 1500 - 2000 m above sea level

Terrain: Mostly grassy uplands and hills; relief is mountainous with altitude declining from west to east

Land use: 47% cropland, 22% forest, 18% pasture, 13% other

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Our History

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Our History (cont’d…1)

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Vision for Rwanda

Build a vision :Vision for Rwanda (VfR 2020 ) by year 2020

In order to transform the economy to middle income , knowledge based economy.

By using ICT as the engine for this economic transformation

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Rwanda Vision 2020

Develop Rwanda into a middle income economy by the year 2020

To modernize the Rwandan economy and society using ICTs as an engine for:

- accelerated development and economic growth- national prosperity- global competitiveness

ICT Policy & Plan

Comprehensive ICT Policy

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Background to the Vision

Acknowledge our past Rwandans hold primary responsibility for

our actions Change the Present

If we could destroy our country, we could build it

Build the Future Focus on what gives us key advantage

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Infrastructure - Energy and Power- Telecommunications and Data Services- End user service penetrationHuman factors- Capacity Building- User and Business Friendly Environment- Reduce Access CostsStrategies- Continuous assessment to improve plans & Policies

Building Blocks of the ICT Engine

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The Roadmap

The FRAMEWORK

The POLICY

The PLAN

Phase 1

Phase 2

Phase 3

IMPLEMENTATION

1998: ICT Policy Process

Commenced

2000: Policy & Plan endorsed by

Cabinet

2001-5 :First 5-year plan

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Key plan Components (8 Pillars)

Human Resource Development

ICTs in Education

Facilitating Government Administration and Service Delivery

Deployment and Spread of ICTs in the Community

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

Drive in ICTs

Legal, Regulatory, Institutional Provisions &

Standards

ICT Infrastructure Development

Developing and Facilitating the Private Sector

Key Plan Areas

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ICT Sector Development

ICT as ‘Enabler’ of Broad-based Development

agric sector

industrial sector

service sector

private sector

education sector

social sector

infrastructure development

Systems

ICT Servicesector

ICT Industry

strategic focus

ICT infrastructure

Plan thrust areas

E-Government

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Universal AccessEducation & Training

Global Competitiveness

Universal service•

Applications/Content

Research & Development

Intellectual Property

Knowledge Transfer

Employment/Workforce

Infrastructure

Education/Training

ICT Literacy

Policy Focus Areas

IMMEDIATE FUTURE

Innovation

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Government assists in specific areas where private sector might not deliver:

Access to schools, hospital, libraries, museums

Access in regional or urban development zones

“Digital divide” initiatives to encourage access among disadvantaged groups

Government initiatives to support education, training, awareness raising, applications development etc.

Government Role

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Government has positioned itself as a ICT champion

Combines public funding with governmental “guidance” of private market

E-Government Initiatives

Government Role

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Current Status(Regulatory Environment)

Market Fully Liberalized Privatization of Rwandatel Licensing of other operators (Mobile &

Fixed Line ) Separation of regulator functions

Independent regulatory authority Deregulation of monopolistic markets Regulation of non-regulated chaotic

markets

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ICT incentives

0% Taxi on importation of ICT related products and Services

A number of other ICT investment Incentives

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Covers 65% of the population

>75% of Land

14 major cities

81 base stations in the entire country

Cellular Network Coverage

Coverage Will increase when a second operator comes

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Rural Satellite Access

Local Company (ARTEL) provides Connectivity where there is no other infrastructure

Government subsidizes or fully pays for the service where market not competitive

All provincial Centers are connected by either (PSTN, Wireless Broadband,or Satellite Connection)

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Fiber Backbone Network

Initially connect all government agencies and ministries

Use wireless broadband for last mile solution where fiber can not be laid or not feasible

Laid by the government Will serve both public and private sector

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PSTN

Rwandatel provides basic telephony & connectivity services

Leases some of its bandwidth to other ISP

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Other Infrastructure in place

Broadband wireless access to schools Initially 300 planned( about 30 connected so

far) ,will increase annually

Will also serve local community facilities

Health care centers Local administration offices,etc..

Community Wi-Fi hot spots (Individual Initiatives)-Hotels,public places etc..

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Measuring ICT PenetrationNon-ICT usersNon-ICT users CT Only usersCT Only users Basic ICT usersBasic ICT users Networked ICT

users Networked ICT

users Intensive ICT

usersIntensive ICT

users

Phone penetration less than 10%(Phones divided by Employees)

Phone penetration less than 10%(Phones divided by Employees)

Phone penetration greater than 10%

Phone penetration greater than 10%

PC penetration 25% or greater(PCs divided by Employees)

PC penetration 25% or greater(PCs divided by Employees)

Internet connection penetration 20% or greater (Internet connections divided by Employees)

Internet connection penetration 20% or greater (Internet connections divided by Employees)

Internet connection penetration 50% or greater PLUS 2 Intensive ICT Filters*

Internet connection penetration 50% or greater PLUS 2 Intensive ICT Filters*

Cu

toff

s

*ICT Filter 1: Positive response to 6 our of 8 questions related to specialized hardware & software*ICT Filter 2: Greater than 20 out of 25 points on questions related to attitudes towards ICT

Certain e-Government programs proposed in the NICI Plan will help National Government move “through the door” to Intensive ICT usage.

• National ID Card Computerization System

• Roads Record Information System (RORIS)

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Current Status

Economic Sector

Segment

Estimated Level of ICT Engagement*

No

n-IC

T

CT

On

ly

Basic IC

T

Netw

orked

IC

T

Inten

sive ICT

Public Sector

National Government 0% 20% 33% 47% 0%

Local Government 58% 36% 5% 1% 0%

Private Sector

Large Businesses 39% 44% 10% 5% 2%

SMEs 16% 58% 15% 10% 1%

Source: On the Frontier, 2003

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From the figures..

National Government reports the highest levels of ICT Access, but 20% still have achieved the level of CT Only

Local Government falls into the two lowest categories (94%), driven by lack of access to basic ICT infrastructure.

Large Businesses are concentrated (83%) in the two lowest levels of ICT engagement.

SMEs are the most evenly distributed across the spectrum, reflecting the varied conditions under which SMEs operate in Rwanda. However, 74% are classified as Non-ICT or CT-Only, indicating that they have not integrated PCs into their operations.

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Sector Segmentation

Public Sector National Government level

A large number of initiatives underway Local & provincial Government

Private Sector Large Businesses (Financial

Insitutions,etc) SME’s

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Sector Responsiveness to ICT

Economic Impact

Influence

Short-term hurdles

Access to Capital

Interest

Att

ract

iven

ess

Ease

Notes: Survey administered to ontheFRONTIER’s ICT Workgroup and Steering Committee (n=14)Source: ontheFRONTIER surveys and analysis

LargeBusiness

Government

Universities

NGOs

Home

SMEs

Prim. / Sec.Schools

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traditional strengths

Our goal

Public Public SectorSector

PrivatePrivateSectorSector

Community Community Interest Interest SectorSector

PublicPublicSectorSector

CommunityCommunityInterestInterestSectorSector

PrivatePrivateSectorSector

PublicPublicSectorSector

PrivatePrivateSectorSector

CommunityCommunity InterestInterest

SectorSector

Public-Private Partnerships

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Promoting Equal Partnerships

Private Sector

Creating Value

Public Sector

Preserving Rule of LawMaintaining OrderEnsuring socio-economic justice

CommunitySustaining and improvingQuality of Life

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Rwanda ICT Special Initiatives

Country Gateway

Distance Learning

SchoolNet

Rural Connectivity

E-Government

African Virtual University

Justice “Network”

Telecentres

Telehealth

RwedNet

Some of Existing ICT projects

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Challenges

Very low penetration in the private sector (SME’s)

Skills Seed fund for Community Networks Lack of skills drive up prices to levels

that can not be afforded by the public

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10 years later: painful recovery

Rwanda's economy rebounded significantly after the restoration of peace, averaging more than 15 per cent annual growth between 1995 and 1999, and 7.4 per cent in 2000-02, well above the average for sub-Saharan Africa as a whole. (IMF)

“Today, Rwanda has much to show the world about confronting the legacy of the past and tackling the challenge of recovery…It is demonstrating that it is possible to reach beyond tragedy and rekindle hope.“ Koffi Anan

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And Now…

Fast growing economy Stable Labor Market Total Government Support Technological Independence Fast telecom sector Growth Fast ICT Growth

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Next Generation User-Charlie

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THANK YOU

David K.KANAMUGIRE

[email protected]