1 Immigration and Urbanization The Gilded Age
Mar 27, 2015
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Immigration and Urbanization
Immigration and Urbanization
The Gilded AgeThe Gilded Age
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Lower East Side TenementLower East Side Tenement• The first multiple dwellings were
the tenements that were built largely for poor immigrants.
• In the 1860’s and 70’s, hundreds of tenements were built, primarily on the Lower East Side of New York City, as more and more poor immigrants arrived.
• Originally, there were little laws governing tenement construction, and most were filthy, crowded and lacked electricity and running water.
• Conditions were absolutely horrible.
• The first multiple dwellings were the tenements that were built largely for poor immigrants.
• In the 1860’s and 70’s, hundreds of tenements were built, primarily on the Lower East Side of New York City, as more and more poor immigrants arrived.
• Originally, there were little laws governing tenement construction, and most were filthy, crowded and lacked electricity and running water.
• Conditions were absolutely horrible.
Source: Andrew Dolkart, Tenements: The First Multiple Dwellings.
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Tenement Floor planTenement Floor plan
• Tenements were overcrowded, unsanitary, and often lacked heat, electricity, water and proper sewage.
• This picture is a floor plan of a typical dumbbell tenement built to house working-class families.
• Tenements were overcrowded, unsanitary, and often lacked heat, electricity, water and proper sewage.
• This picture is a floor plan of a typical dumbbell tenement built to house working-class families.
44
Drawing of a Tenement from
Jacob Riis
Drawing of a Tenement from
Jacob Riis
55
A Tale of Two-HalvesA Tale of Two-Halves
• During the Gilded Age, the wealthy entrepreneurs and the middle-class managers formed one-half of society, while the working-poor made up the other half.
• The rich lived lavish lifestyles in beautiful, spacious homes.
• Immigrants families faced harsh realities: long hours, low pay, and unsanitary and crowded living conditions.
• During the Gilded Age, the wealthy entrepreneurs and the middle-class managers formed one-half of society, while the working-poor made up the other half.
• The rich lived lavish lifestyles in beautiful, spacious homes.
• Immigrants families faced harsh realities: long hours, low pay, and unsanitary and crowded living conditions.
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Jacob RiisJacob Riis
• During the Gilded Age photography was used as a method of documentation and a tool for social reform.
• Jacob Riis attempted to capture the realities of 19th Century America for the “other half” by photographing how much of New York City lived during the Gilded Age.
• During the Gilded Age photography was used as a method of documentation and a tool for social reform.
• Jacob Riis attempted to capture the realities of 19th Century America for the “other half” by photographing how much of New York City lived during the Gilded Age.
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Jacob Riis Continued…Jacob Riis Continued…
• Jacob Riis was trying to show the world a problem and convince people to work together to find a solution.
• We will now view pictures from How the Other Half Lives.
• Jacob Riis was trying to show the world a problem and convince people to work together to find a solution.
• We will now view pictures from How the Other Half Lives.
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Mulberry Bend: the notorious home of TenementsMulberry Bend: the notorious home of Tenements
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Room in a Tenement HouseRoom in a Tenement House
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Bottle Alley, Mulberry RoadBottle Alley, Mulberry Road
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Typical Tenement Fire Escape Serving as an extension of the flatTypical Tenement Fire Escape Serving as an extension of the flat
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Jersey Street TenementsJersey Street Tenements
1313
Tenement-House YardTenement-House Yard
1414
In the home of an Italian Rag-Picker on Jersey Street
In the home of an Italian Rag-Picker on Jersey Street
1515
A girl and baby sister, on their doorstepA girl and baby sister, on their doorstep
1616
An old rear Tenement on Roosevelt StreetAn old rear Tenement on Roosevelt Street
1717
Old Barney in Cat AlleyOld Barney in Cat Alley
1818
Girl of the TenementGirl of the Tenement
1919
Family making artificial flowers in their TenementFamily making artificial flowers in their Tenement
2020
Fighting Tuberculosis on the RoofFighting Tuberculosis on the Roof
2121
Bottle Alley, Mulberry BendBottle Alley, Mulberry Bend
2222
In poverty Gap: West 28 Street: an English coal-heaver’s homeIn poverty Gap: West 28 Street: an English coal-heaver’s home
2323
“Didn’t Live Nowhere”“Didn’t Live Nowhere”
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A Man slept in this cellar for Four YearsA Man slept in this cellar for Four Years
2525
Sewing and Starving in an Elizabeth Street Attic
Sewing and Starving in an Elizabeth Street Attic
2626
A flat in the pauper barracks with all its furniture
A flat in the pauper barracks with all its furniture
2727
Under the Dump at Rivington Street, 1890Under the Dump at Rivington Street, 1890
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Street Children in Night QuartersStreet Children in Night Quarters
2929
Tenement on West 47 Street, 1890Tenement on West 47 Street, 1890
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Old Mrs. Benoir in her Hudson Street attic
Old Mrs. Benoir in her Hudson Street attic
3131
Lodgers in a crowded Bayard Street TenementLodgers in a crowded Bayard Street Tenement
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Immigrant worker in a Coal Cellar Tenement, Ludlow StreetImmigrant worker in a Coal Cellar Tenement, Ludlow Street
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Old Immigrant House on Bleecker Street
Old Immigrant House on Bleecker Street
All pictures from Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives, restored version
Retrieved online from www.authentichistory.com/postvicilwar/riis/contents.