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'Hungary in Maps' is the latest volume in a series of atlases published by the Geographical

Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. A unique publication, it

combines the best features of the books and atlases that have been published in Hungary

during the last decades. This work provides a clear, masterly and comprehensive overview

of present-day Hungary by a distinguished team of contributors, presenting the results of

research in the fields of geography, demography, economics, history, geophysics, geology,

hydrology, meteorology, pedology and other earth sciences. The 172 lavish, full-colour

maps and diagrams, along with 52 tables are complemented by clear, authoritative

explanatory notes, revealing a fresh perspective on the anatomy of modern day Hungary.

Although the emphasis is largely placed on contemporary Hungary, important sections are

devoted to the historical development of the natural and human environment as well.

In its concentration and focus, this atlas was intended to act as Hungary's 'business

card', as the country's résumé, to serve as an information resource for the sophisticated

general reader and to inform the international scientific community about the foremost

challenges facing Hungary today, both in a European context and on a global scale.

Examples of such intriguing topics are: stability and change in the ethnic and state territory,

natural hazards, earthquakes, urgent flood control and water management tasks, land

degradation, the state of nature conservation, international environmental conflicts, the

general population decline, ageing, the increase in unemployment, the Roma population at

home and the situation of Hungarian minorities abroad, new trends in urban development,

controversial economic and social consequences as a result of the transition to a market

economy, privatisation, the massive influx of foreign direct investment, perspectives on the

exploitation of mineral resources, problems in the energy supply and electricity generation,

increasing spatial concentration focused on Budapest in the field of services (e.g. in

banking, retail, transport and telecommunications networks), and finally the shaping of an

internationally competitive tourism industry, thus making Hungary more attractive to visit.

This project serves as a preliminary study for the new, 3 edition of the National

Atlas of Hungary, that is to be co-ordinated by the Geographical Research Institute of the

HungarianAcademy of Sciences.

rd

István Klinghammer

Member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences

Professor, Eötvös Loránd University (Budapest),

Department of Cartography and Geoinformatics

1

Hungary in Maps

2

3

Hungary in Maps

Edited by

Károly KocsisFerenc Schweitzer

Geographical Research InstituteHungarian Academy of Sciences

Budapest, 2009

4

Authors

Alföldi, L., Beluszky, P., Berényi, I., Bihari, Z., Borhidi, A., Bozó, L., Dombrádi, E., Dövényi, Z., Erdősi, F., Fodor, I., Gál, Z., Haas, J., Hajdú, Z., Horváth, F., Inotai, A., Katona, T. J., Kocsis, K., Kovács, F., Kovács, Z., Lakatos, I., Michalkó, G., Nagy, E., Pásztor, L., Pomázi, I., Probáld, F., Schweitzer, F., Szabó, J., Szalai, S., Tardy, J., Tiner, T., Tóth, J., Tóth, L., Varga, Z., Várallyay, Gy.

Map authors

Ádám, L., Bada, G., Beluszky, P., Berényi, I., Bereznay, A., Bihari, Z., Borhidi, A., Borsy, Z., Brezsnyánszky, K., Dombrádi, E., Dövényi, Z., Fekete, A., Fodor, I., Gál, Z., Góczán, L., Haas, J., Horváth, F., Juhász, Á., Keresztesi, Z., Keszthelyi, Sz., Kiss, E. É., Kocsis, K., Kovács, Z., Láng, S., Lászlóffy, W., Marosi, S., Michalkó, G., Mónus, P., Nagy, E., Nemes Nagy, J., Pásztor, L., Pécsi, M., Pesti, Cs., Pinczés, Z., Pomázi, I., Probáld, F., Schweitzer, F., Síkhegyi, F., Somogyi, S., Soó, R., Szabó, B., Szabó, J., Székely, A., Szentimrey, T., Szilárd, J., Tardy, J., Tiner, T., Tóth, J., Tóth, L., Várallyay, Gy., Varga, B., Varga, Z., Zólyomi, B.

Revised byKlinghammer, I.

English text checked by Bassa, L. and Szecsei, S.

CartographyKeresztesi, Z.

Farkas, Z., Kaiser, L., Kovács, A., Molnár, M.

Typography: Garai-Édler, E.

Cover Design: Keresztesi, Z., Kovács, A.

Technical Staff : Laczkó, M., Poór, I.

Printed in Hungary by Mackensen Kft .

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitt ed in any form or by means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and

retrieval system, without writt en permission of the publishers.

Publisher: Schweitzer, Ferenc directorHungarian Academy of SciencesGeographical Research Institute

www.mtafk i.hu

© HAS Geographical Research Institute, 2009

This publication was supported byHUNGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

PAKS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

ISBN 978-963-9545-25-0

5

CONTENTS

FOREWORD (Tamás Németh)....................................................................................................................... 7

HUNGARY IN THE WORLD (Károly Kocsis–Ferenc Schweitzer) ............................................................ 9

CHARACTERISTICS OF HISTORICAL EVOLUTION (Zoltán Hajdú) ............................................... 21

NATURAL ENVIRONMENT .................................................................................................................... 29Geophysics (Ferenc Horváth–Endre Dombrádi–László Tóth) .......................................................... 29Geology (János Haas) ........................................................................................................................ 34Relief and Landscapes (Ferenc Schweitzer) .................................................................................... 38Climate (Zita Bihari–Sándor Szalai–László Bozó) ............................................................................ 45Hydrography (László Alföldi) .......................................................................................................... 51Soils (György Várallyay–László Pásztor–József Szabó) ..................................................................... 57Flora (Att ila Borhidi) .......................................................................................................................... 63Fauna (Zoltán Varga) ......................................................................................................................... 69Nature Conservation (János Tardy) ................................................................................................. 72Environmental Protection (István Fodor–István Pomázi) .............................................................. 78

POPULATION AND SETTLEMENT ....................................................................................................... 84Demographic Features (Zoltán Dövényi–Károly Kocsis–József Tóth) ........................................... 84Ethnicity and Religion (Károly Kocsis) ........................................................................................... 96Sett lements (Pál Beluszky–Zoltán Kovács) ..................................................................................... 104

ECONOMY ................................................................................................................................................ 117General Characteristics of Economy (Ferenc Probáld) ................................................................ 117Agriculture (István Berényi) ........................................................................................................... 127Mining and Energy Supply (Tamás János Katona–Ferenc Kovács–István Lakatos–Károly Kocsis) ................................... 139Industry (Éva Kiss) .......................................................................................................................... 153Transport (Ferenc Erdősi) ................................................................................................................ 164Telecommunications (Tibor Tiner) ................................................................................................ 172Banking Network (Zoltán Gál) ...................................................................................................... 178Internal Trade (Erika Nagy) ........................................................................................................... 182Foreign Trade and Capital Exports (András Inotai) .................................................................. 188Tourism (Gábor Michalkó) ............................................................................................................... 194

REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................ 201

LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................................... 206

LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................................... 210

1 Hungary in Map - mtafki.hu › inmaps › pdf › Hungary-in-Maps_0.pdf · p s Leitha Mts. 5˛ ˛ , . "?? M ˆ # # ˚ %C ˆ " ˛?? ˛ / ˝ ˚ 5 V e l i k a K a p e l a M a l a K

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