Prepare by wafaa hamza fadwel 1
Dec 25, 2015
Prepare by wafaa hamza fadwel 1
Human-Computer Interaction• Human
– the end-user of a program– the others in the organization
• Computer– the machine the program runs on– often split between clients & servers
• Interaction– the user tells the computer what they want– the computer communicates results
What is HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION
Human-Computer Interaction
(HCI) is a term refer to the
understanding and designing of
different relationships between
people and computers
system concerned to study,
design, construction and
implementation of human-
centric interactive computer
systems
What is HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION
Goals of Hci
basic goal :improve the interactions between
users and computers by making computers
more usable and receptive to the user's needs.
A long term goal :is to design systems that
minimize the barrier between the human's
cognitive model of what they want to accomplish
and the computer's understanding of the user's
task.
Goals of Hci
Overview: Map of Human Computer Interaction
Input and Output Devices
Dialogue Techniques
Dialogue Genre
Application Areas
Ergonomics
Evaluation Techniques
Design Approaches
Implementation Techniques and Tools
Example Systems and Case Studies
Human
Language ,Communication and Interaction
Human Information Processing
Use and Context
Human-Machine Fit and AdaptationSocial Organization and Work
ComputerComputer
Graphics
Dialogue Architecture
Development Process
A a
Human characteristics
1- Human information
processing, memory,
perception, motor
skills, attention,
problem-solving ,
learning and skill
acquisition, motivation
, conceptual models.
Human characteristics,2-Language, communication and interaction
• aspects of language
- syntax, semantics, pragmatics; conversational
interaction, specialized languages
Human characteristics
3- Ergonomics
• anthropometric and
physiological
characteristics of
people and their
relationship to
workspace and the
environment.
Why study human use of computer systems?
• Business view:
– to use humans more productively/effectively
– the human costs now far outweigh hardware and
software costs
• Personal view:
– people view computers as appliances, and want it
to perform as one
Why study human use of computer systems?
• Marketplace view:
– everyday people using computers
• now expect “easy to use system”
• not tolerant of poorly designed systems
– if product is hard to use, people will seek
other products
Why study human use of computer systems?
• The system view:
– complex human
– complex computer
– complex interface between the two
Why study human use of computer systems?
• The human factors view:
– humans have limitations
– errors are costly in terms of
• loss of time
• loss of money
• loss of morale
– design can cope with such limitations!
Why study human use of computer systems?
• The social view:
• Computers contribute to critical parts of our
society, and cannot be ignored
– educate our children
– take medical histories and provide expert
advice
– keep track of our credit worthiness
Design
What is HCI?Organizational &
Social Issues
Technology Humans
Task
There are four different issues involved in HCI.
The 1st is concerned with technological
innovation to meet the user's particular needs
Better output devices, like display monitors
Improved input devices, like electronic pen
There are four different issues involved in HCI.
The 2nd is concerned with the cognitive characteristics
(background and knowledge of the users) including:
• Their knowledge representation, reasoning strategies,
and the types of decisions they prefer in solving
problems.
There are four different issues involved in HCI.
The 3rd is concerned with the tasks which
the users wish to carry out.
Is it complex tasks (e.g. controlling a nuclear
power station) or simple tasks (e.g. writing
letters).
The 4th is concerned with the types of
interfaces available.
WHO IS INVOLVED IN HCI?HCI is undoubtedly a multi-disciplinary subject. The
ideal designer of an interactive system would have
expertise in a range of topics:
psychology and cognitive science
to give his knowledge of the users perceptual
Cognitive and Problem- solving skills.
ergonomics for the user’s physical capabilities
WHO IS INVOLVED IN HCI?sociology to help her understand the wider
context of the interaction.
computer science and engineering to be able
to build the necessary technology.
business to be able to market it
Graphic design to produce an effective
interface presentation.
WHO IS INVOLVED IN HCI?
technical writing to produce the manuals,
Professionals in HCI
• Interaction designers
– involved in the design of all the interactive aspects of a product
• User interface architect
– Term often used for member of software team for interface issues
• Usability engineers
– focus on evaluating products, using usability methods and principles
Professionals in HCI/IDSome often used terms
• Web designers
– develop and create the visual design of websites, such as
layouts
• Information architects
– how to plan and structure knowledge rich interactive products
THEORY AND HCIUnfortunately for us, there is no general
and unified theory of HCI that we can
present. there is an underlying principle
that forms the basis of our own views on
HCI ,and it is captured in our claim that
people use computers to accomplish work.
THEORY AND HCI
This outlines the three major issues of concern:
the people
the computers
the tasks that are performed.
The system must support the user’s task, which
gives us a fourth focus, usability…..
Conclusion
HCI depends on computer operating as an
intermediary, achieving appropriate
interaction through a variety of I/O
devices