1 Helping Immigrant Students in the United States Learn English in Mainstream Classrooms: The SIOP Approach Melvin R. Andrade, Ed.D. Sophia Junior College.

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Helping Immigrant Students in the United States Learn English in Mainstream

Classrooms: The SIOP Approach

Melvin R. Andrade, Ed.D.

Sophia Junior College

Linguapax Asia 2005

Second International Symposium

Embassy of Canada,Tokyo

11 June 2005

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Aims of this Presentation

To introduce the SIOP Model of sheltered instruction as an effective way to develop content knowledge and language skills together in foreign language, second language, and heritage language education

To introduce Web-based resources about SIOP and related programs

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What does “SIOP” stand for?

It stands for “Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol,” which refers to a set of guidelines for planning and measuring the implementation of a teaching approach know as “Sheltered Instruction.”

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Sheltered Instruction is…?

. . . an approach for teaching content to English (and other) learners in ways that make the subject matter concepts comprehensible while promoting the students’ language development. An important component of sheltered instruction is . . .

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. . . “Scaffolding,” defined as . . .

“Teacher support for learning and student performance of tasks through instruction, modeling, questioning, feedback, graphic organizers, and more, across successive engagements”

These supports are gradually withdrawn as the learner develops more and more autonomy.

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Why is sheltered instruction needed?

90% of recent immigrants to the U.S. come from non-English speaking countries

Students with limited English proficient (LEP) comprise nearly 10% of the U.S. school population (K-12)

In some school districts, LEP students are the majority of students in class.

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And . . .

LEP students lag significantly behind other students in academic achievement (lower grades and test scores)

LEP students have higher drop out rates Many LEP students have hand little formal

schooling and cannot read or write. Many LEP students speak another

language at home--not English

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Who Uses the SIOP Model?

ESL teachers Bilingual teachers Elementary classroom teachers Secondary subject-area teachers Coaches and mentor teachers Staff developers School and district administrators Teacher and education faculty Pre-service teacher candidates

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Why Use the SIOP Model?

“As the number of English language learners (ELLs) in their classes increase, teachers are looking for effective instructional practices.”

“Teachers and researchers worked collaboratively to create the SIOP Model to meet the challenges of this new reality.”

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And . . .

“The SIOP Model has been shown to be a reliable and valid measure of effective instruction.”

“Research has shown that ELLs improved their academic skills when their teachers implement the SIOP Model.”

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Now some background . . .

“The SIOP Model offers a research-based approach to sheltered lesson planning and implementation that has proven effective with English language learners throughout the United States. The model was developed in a 7-year national research project (1996-2003) sponsored by the Center for Research on Education, Diversity & Excellence (CREDE). ”

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And . . .

Through literature review and with the collaboration of practicing teachers, researchers identified features of instruction present in high-quality sheltered lessons to generate the SIOP Model. The model was refined over multiple years of field testing and consists of eight components and 30 features that are explained in the book . . .

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Center for Applied Linguisticswww.cal.org

J. Echevarria, M. E. Vogt,, & D. J. Short. (2004)

Making Content Comprehensible for English Learners: The SIOP Model

Boston: Pearson

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The eight components are . . .

Lesson preparation Building

background Comprehensible

input Strategies

Interaction Practice & application Lesson delivery Review & assessment

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Teachers trained in this model . . .

. . . learn to plan and deliver lessons that incorporate these techniques consistently. and, thus help English learners to develop their academic English skills while learning grade-level content.

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Research & Development Projects Related to the SIOP Model. Online at http:// www . cal . org / siop / index . html

The Effects of Sheltered Instruction on the Achievement of Limited English Proficient Students

The SIOP Model for Making Content Comprehensible for English Learners: Professional Development Videos and Facilitator's Manual

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Online research cont’d . . .

SIOP Model Research and Professional Development for Secondary English Language Learners

Optimizing Educational Outcomes for English Language Learners

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Now before going into more detail, watch a short video, which…

will briefly review the background of SIOP and its eight components.

(Video: Helping English Learners Succeed: An overview of the SIOP Model. Center for Applied Linguistics. www. cal. org / crede / pubs

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The Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol (SIOP)

Total points possible: 120 (subtract 4 points for each NA (“not applicable”) given

Directions: Circle the number that best reflects what you observe in a sheltered lesson. You may give a score from 0-4 (or NA on selected items). Cite under “Comments” specific examples of the behaviors observed.

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Scoring

4 Highly evident

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2 Somewhat evident

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0 Not evident

NA

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I. Preparation

1. Clearly defined content objectives for students2. Clear defined language objectives for students3. Content concepts appropriate for age a

nd educational background4. Supplementary materials used to a high degree making the lesson clear and meaningful (e.g. graphs, models, visuals).

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5. Adaptation of content to all levels of

student proficiency

6. Meaningful activities that integrate

lesson concepts (e.g. surveys, letter

writing

I. Preparation

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II. Instruction

Building background

7. Concepts explicitly linked to students’ background experiences

8. Links explicitly made between past learning and new concepts

9. Key vocabulary emphasized (e.g. written, repeated, highlighted)

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Comprehensible input

10. Speech appropriate for students’

proficiency level (e.g. slower rate and

enunciation, and simple sentences for

beginners)

11. Explanation of academic tasks clear

II. Instruction

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12. Uses a variety of techniques to make

content concepts clear (e.g. modeling,

visuals, hands-on activities,

demonstrations, gestures, body language)

II. Instruction

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Strategies

13. Provides ample opportunities for

students to use strategies (cognitive,

metacognitive, social / affective).

II. Instruction

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14. Consistent use of scaffolding techniques

throughout lessons, assisting and

supporting student understanding such

as think-alouds.

II. Instruction

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15. Teacher uses a variety of questions

types, including those that promote

higher-order thinking skills throughout

the lesson (e.g. literal, analytical,

interpretive questions).

II. Instruction

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Interaction

16. Frequent opportunities to interaction and

discussion between teacher / student and

among students, which encourage

elaborated responses about lesson

concepts

II. Instruction

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17. Grouping configurations support

language and content objectives of the

lesson

18. Consistently provides sufficient wait time

for student response

19. Ample opportunities for students to

clarify key concepts in their first language.

II. Instruction

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Practice / Application

20. Provides hands-on materials and / or

manipulatives for students to practice

using new content knowledge

21. Provides hands-on activities for students

to apply content and language

knowledge in the classroom

II. Instruction

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22. Uses activities that integrate all

language skills (i.e. reading, writing,

listening, speaking)

Lesson delivery

23. Content objectives clearly supported by

lesson delivery

II. Instruction

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24. Language objectives clearly supported

by lesson delivery

25. Students engaged approximately 90% to

100% of the period

26. Pacing of the lesson appropriate to the

students’ ability level

II. Instruction

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III. Review / Assessment

27. Comprehensive review of key

vocabulary

28. Comprehensive review of key content

concepts

29. Regularly provides feedback to students

on their output (e.g. language, content,

work)

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III. Review / Assessment

30. Conducts assessments of student

comprehension and learning of all

lesson objectives (e.g. spot checking,

group response) throughout the lesson

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Now, watch one more short video segment. Which elements of SIOP do you observe?

From www.learner.org

Teaching Reading K-2: “Thalia Learns the　 Details” (Student case study No. 4)

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Summary of video segment 2

In the beginning of the school year, Thalia Valdez is just beginning to get excited about letters. She attends kindergarten at the bilingual AMIGOS school in Cambridge, Massachusetts. With the support and guidance of her teacher, Jim St. Clair, Thalia steadily learns the details of the basics of reading and writing such as one-to-one word correspondence, letter sounds, and left-to-right text. She uses her fine motor skills in adding text to her inventive drawings.

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Online resources

Welcome to SIOP Central! (CAL) www.cal.org/siop/index.html

CREDE: Center for Research on Education, Diversity, and Excellence www.crede.org

Annenberg / CBS education series www.learner.org

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Resources cont’d . . .

Center for Applied Linguistics www.cal.org

“ESL Infusion” (Ontario Institute for Studies in Education-OISE) http://eslinfusion.oise.utoronto.ca

SIOP Institute www.siopinstitute.net

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More resources . . .

Teaching Reading K-2: A Library of Classroom Practices (Annenberg/CPS) http://www.learner.org/resources/series162.html

The Learning Classroom: Theory into Practice (Annenberg/CPS) http://www.learner.org/resources/series172.html

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The end

Contact information:

Prof. Melvin R. Andrade

[email protected]