1 HCI History Part 2 of 2 Key people, events, ideas and paradigm shifts This material has been developed by Georgia Tech HCI faculty, and continues to evolve. Contributors include Gregory Abowd, Jim Foley, Diane Gromala, Elizabeth Mynatt, Jeff Pierce, Colin Potts, Chris Shaw, John Stasko, and Bruce Walker. This specific presentation also borrows from James Landay and Jason Hong at UC Berkeley. Comments directed to [email protected]are encouraged. Permission is granted to use with acknowledgement for non-profit
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1 HCI History Part 2 of 2 Key people, events, ideas and paradigm shifts This material has been developed by Georgia Tech HCI faculty, and continues to.
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HCI History Part 2 of 2
Key people, events, ideas andparadigm shifts
This material has been developed by Georgia Tech HCI faculty, and continues to evolve. Contributors include Gregory Abowd, Jim Foley, Diane Gromala, Elizabeth Mynatt, Jeff Pierce, Colin Potts, Chris Shaw, John Stasko, and Bruce Walker. This specific presentation also borrows from James Landay and Jason Hong at UC Berkeley. Comments directed to [email protected] are encouraged. Permission is granted to use with acknowledgement for non-profit purposes. Last revision: August 2004.
• More personal rather than office tool Still $$$ - $10K to $12K
• Failure
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Apple Macintosh - 1984
• Aggressive pricing $2500
• Good interface guidelines• Third party
applications• Great graphics,
laser printer
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Paradigm: Direct Manipulation
• ‘82 Shneiderman describes appeal of rapidly-developing graphically-based interaction object visibility incremental action and rapid feedback reversibility encourages exploration replace language with action syntactic correctness of all actions
• WYSIWYG, Apple Mac
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Paradigm: Metaphor
• All use is problem-solving or learning to some extent
• Relating computing to real-world activity is effective learning mechanism File management on office desktop Financial analysis as spreadsheets
• The tension between literalism & magic Eject disk or CD on Mac by dragging to trash
• Mode is a human communication channel Not just the senses
– e.g. speech and non-speech audio are two modes
• Emphasis on simultaneous use of multiple channels for I/O
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Innovator: Nicholas Negroponte
• MIT Architecture Machine Group ’69-’80s - prior to Media Lab
• Ideas wall-sized displays, video
disks, AI in interfaces (agents), speech recognition,multimedia with hypertext
Put That There (Video)
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Paradigm: Speech / Agents
• Actions do not always speak louder than words
• Interface as mediator or agent• Language paradigm• How good does it need to be?
“Tricks”, vocabulary, domains• How “human” do we want it to be?
(HAL, Bob, PaperClip)
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Innovator: Mark Weiser
• Introduced notion of Ubiquitous Computing and Calm Technology It’s everywhere, but recedes quietly into
background
• Was CTO of Xerox PARC• Died too early
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Paradigm: Ubiquitous Computing
• Person is no longer user of single device but occupant of computationally-rich environment
• "Ubiquitous computing names the third wave in computing, just now beginning. First were mainframes, each shared by lots of people. Now we are in the personal computing era, person and machine staring uneasily at each other across the desktop. Next comes ubiquitous computing, or the age of calm technology, when technology recedes into the background of our lives.” - Marki Weiser, circa 1988