1 HARDWARE INFRASTRUCTURE IS 340 BY CHANDRA S. AMARAVADI.

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HARDWARE INFRASTRUCTUREIS 340

BY

CHANDRA S. AMARAVADI

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IN THIS PRESENTATION

Measures of data, time speedCPU & HW componentsMicro-computer architecture Computer architecture

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Byte Kilobyte 1 * 103 bytes Megabyte 1 * 106 bytes Gigabyte 1 * 109 bytes Terabyte 1 * 1012 bytes Petabyte 1 * 1015 bytes

MEASURES OF DATA..

APPROXIMATIONS

Note: A kilobyte is actually 210 i.e. 1024 bytes

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Millisec. 1 * 10-3 sec.Microsec. 1 * 10-6 sec.Nanosec. 1 * 10-9 sec.Picosec. 1 * 10-12 sec.

UNITS OF TIME (FYI)

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MEASURES OF SPEED

Gigahertz (Ghz)

MIPS

Gigaflops/Teraflops

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CPU & HARDWARE COMPONENTS

Control Unit

Primary Storage (RAM,ROM)

ALU

Secondary storage

Networks

CPU

InputDevices

OutputDevices

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COMPUTER COMPONENTS

ALU -- Arithmetic, Logic Unit; carries out math and comparison

Control Unit – Sends control signals and regulates timing via system clock

RAM - temporary working memory, stores part of OS all temporary files, current applications are stored to RAM; consists of numbered memory locations.

ROM - permanent internal memory, for bootup

Peripherals – includes monitors, storage, printers, keyboards etc.

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TYPES OF RAM

SRAM – Static Ram (uses transistors) DRAM – Dynamic Ram (capacitor based)

Flash – Uses EPROM technology (transistors)

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STORAGE, I/O DEVICES AND PERIPHERALS

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For permanent/ long term storage

Secondary storage

Tapes (replaced with optical disks)

hard disks, USB jump drives

Optical disks

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HARD DISK: Steel platter array for micro-computer systems

OPTICAL DISK: Plastic disk with grooved surface

disk surface400 GByte

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trackssectors

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COMPACT DISK (CD) – 550 MB:

CD-ROM: Compact Disk – Read only CD-R: Compact Disk - Recordable CD-RW: CD – Rewritable

DIGITAL VIDEO DISK (DVD): CD size, but holds 10GB

OPTICAL STORAGELaser beam creates/reads pits on plastic disks

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to input and output data from the computer

Monitors ScannersPrintersPlottersVoice synthesizers

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Resolution: #of bits in rows & cols. (how fine is the picture?)Contrast: difference in brightness between brightest & darkest

down

across

Types: LCD (mainly), Plasma screen (going out of favor)

Monitors are computer screens.

1920 x 1080

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Printer characteristics Speed (pages/min, PPM)

Resolution (dots/in or DPI)

Types: inkjet vs laser

Inkjet – sprays liquid inkLaser -- uses solid toner

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KEYBOARD MOUSE

Wired/wirelessInfra-redTrackballTouch pad

JOYSTICK TOUCH SCREEN

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Supercomputer Mainframe Server/workstation Personal computer (PC) Personal digital assistant (PDA)

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CPUCPU

DATA BUS

ADDRESS BUS

CONTROL BUS

OUTPUTDEVICES

SECONDARYSTORAGE

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CPU

Expansionslots

Bus wires to I/O devices, such as printers, monitors

FYI

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SEQUENTIAL PARALLEL

TASK 1

RESULT

TASK 2

RESULT

CPU

CPU

CPUTASK 2

CPUTASK 3

CPUTASK 1

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IS ARCHITECTURES

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CENTRALIZED: Processing carried by One or more “hosts” (“host-based arch.)

DISTRIBUTED: Processing shared by several hosts connected by a networkHosts can be smaller mainframes or client server

CLIENT SERVER: More popular; processing carried by One or more “servers”

A configuration of computers

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Host

CENTRALIZED VS DISTRIBUTED

mini

mini

Centralized

Distributed

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requests

data/service

CLIENTSERVERe.g. mail, database

CLIENT: Any computer that requires a service. SERVER: Any computer that can fulfill a request.

CLIENT

CLIENT

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What is the purpose of RAM?

Why are disks divided into tracks and sectors?

What type of information is stored in ROM? in RAM?

What factors determine the power of a PC?

What factors influence the purchase of printers?

What type of computer configurations are popular nowadays?

What is the difference between laser and inkjet printers?

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

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