1 Girish Kumar Cell Tower Radiation Hazards 12 May 2011

8/10/2019 1 Girish Kumar Cell Tower Radiation Hazards 12 May 2011

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Rd Hd C P/C T

P. G KEcc E D

IIT Bb, P, Mb

(022) 2576 7436

@.b.c.


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OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION

RF c

Rd P C A

EMF S

Rd c

R Bc c

C Sd


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E

Rd d C P, C

, F, T d FM ,c , c. cd

Ecc d (EMR).

EMR c c d

(bc c) , ,

bd, d .


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RF SOURCES

IN INDIA

FM TOER

(88108MH)PT=10K 503 TOERS

T TOER

(180220MH)PT=40K 1044 TOERS

AM TOER

(5401600KH)PT=100 K 197 TOER

F

(2.4 2.5 GH) PT=10100 F HOT SPOTS

CELL TOER

(800,900,1800MH)

PT=20 4.3 LAKHS

TOERS

MOBILE PHONES GSM1800 1 GSM900 2

600+

RF Sc


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Mc d c cd :

T

N

T c dd bd c, c

d.

N c

c.


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dd:

4.6 b b bc

C P d T Sc Id

Id:

Population - 1.15 billion

Mobile Towers - Nearly 4.5

lakhs to meet the

communication demand.

Mobile subscriber base - 65crores.

Growing at 1.5 crore/month, highest in

the world (TRAI, June 2010).


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A Cell phone transmits1 to 2 Watts of power

SAR (Specific absorption rate) - Rate at which radiation is absorbed

by human body, measured in units of watts per kg (W/kg) of tissue.

In USA, SAR limit for cell phones is 1.6W/Kg which is actually for6 minutes. It has a safety margin of 3 to 4, so a person should not use

cell phone for more than 18 to 24 minutes per day.

This information is not commonly known to people in India.

SAR (Specific absorption rate) - Rate at which radiation is absorbed

by human body, measured in units of watts per kg (W/kg) of tissue.

In USA, SAR limit for cell phones is 1.6W/Kg which is actually for6 minutes. It has a safety margin of 3 to 4, so a person should not use

cell phone for more than 18 to 24 minutes per day.

This information is not commonly known to people in India.

SAR d C


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Manufacturer ModelSAR Output

(W/Kg)

Motorola V195 1.6

Motorola Rival 1.59

Sony Ericsson Satio (Idou) 1.56

BlackBerry Curve 8330 1.54

Nokia E71x & X6 1.53

LG Rumor 1.51

BlackBerry Bold 1.51Samsung S3650 Corby 0.75

Samsung SGH-G800 0.23

Samsung Blue Earth 0.196

SAR is expressed in Watts per Kilogram

Current UK Standard = 1.0W/KgCurrent US Standard = 1.6W/Kg

S Fcc G. d d d

d SAR c . (USA Td 14 J, 2010)

Cc SAR :

Sc I

SAR b


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A C c

:

869 890 MH (CDMA)

935 960 MH (GSM900) 1805 1880 MH (GSM1800) 2110 2170 MH (3G)*


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Rd P A


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Radiation Pattern of a Cell Tower Antenna

People living within 50 to 300 meter radius are in

the high radiation zone (dark blue) and are moreprone to ill-effects of electromagnetic radiation

Propagation of "main beam from antenna mounted on a tower or roof top


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Usha Kiran Building, Worli, MumbaiCASE STUD

Six cancer cases in consecutive floors (5th,6th, 7th,8th and 10th) directly

facing and at similar height as the mobile phone towers of four

telecom companies placed on the roof of opposite building.

Usha Kiran Building


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Power density Pd at a distance R is given by

P= T

G = G

R = Dc

P D Cc

/2

= 24 R

GPP ttd


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P D dc R c

D

()

(/2

)

(/2

)1 79.6 79,600,000

3 8.84 8,840,000

5 3.18 3,180,000

10 0.796 796,000

50 0.0318 31,800

100 0.008 7,960

500 0.000318 318

The above values are for a single carrier and a single operator.

For multiple carriers and multiple operators on the same roof

top or tower, then the above values will increase manifold.

F P= 20 , G= 17 dB = 50


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P D c d

D

()

(/2)

(/2)

1 1194.0 1194,000,000

3 126.0 126,000,000

5 47.7 47,700,000

10 11.94 11,940,000

50 0.477 477,000

100 0.1194 119,400500 0.00477 4,770

F P= 20 , G= 17 dB = 50N. c = 5, N. = 3

For 5 carriers and 3 operators on the same roof top

or tower, the radiation level is extremely high.


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I E Sdd d Gd

International Exposure limits for RF fields (1800MHz)10 W/m Exposure limit in Canada (Safety Code 6, 2009)

9.2 W/m ICNIRP and EU recommandation 1998 Adopted in India

2 W/m Exposure limit in Australia

1.2 W/m Belgium (except Wallonia)

0.5 W/m Exposure Limit in Auckland, New Zealand

0.24 W/m Exposure limit in CSSR, Belgium (Wallonia), Luxembourg

0.1 W/m Toronto Board of Health, Canada (1999)

0.1 W/m Exposure limit in Poland, China, Italy , Paris0.095 W/m Exposure limit in Switzerl, Italy in areas with duration > 4hours

0.09 W/m ECOLOG 1998 (Germany) Precaution recommendation only

0.025 W/m Exposure limit in Italy in sensitive areas

0.02 W/m Exposure limit in Russia (since 1970), Bulgaria, Hungary0.001 W/m "Precautionary limit" in Austria, Salzburg City only

0.001 W/m BioInitiative Working Group 2007) Precautionary recommendation outdoor

0.0001 W/m BioInitiative Working Group (2007) Precautionary recommendation - indoor

0.00001 W/m BUND 2007 (Germany) Precaution recommendation only0.00001W/m New South Wales, Australia


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Tb H T, , G


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GSM c d c


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BI R 2007 1000 /2 d,

c RF

Bd B I, G, dd d :

. 1000 /2 ( > 0.1 /c2) cc

cd 50/2 100 /2.

O Sdd d Gd


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India adopts ICNIRP guideline for Power density (Pd)

= Frequency / 200, frequency is in MHz.

For GSM900 (935-960 MHz), Pd = 4.7W/m2 and

GSM1800 (1810-1880 MHz), Pd = 9.2W/m2.

ICNIRP has considered only thermal effects of radiation and hasgiven following disclosure:

ICNIRP is only intended to protect the public against short term

gross heating effects and NOT against 'biological' effects such as

cancer and genetic damage from long term low level microwave

exposure from mobile phones, masts and many other wireless

devices.- http://ww.icnirp.de/documents/emfgdl.pdf


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P Abbd b H Bd

ICNIRP Gd

A 940 MH, P

d (Pd)

4.7/

A = 1.43

P cd (P) b

bd b

P= Pd A] = 6.75

c.

5'6"

34"

H I, /200, MH?

I ,

6.75 606024 = 583.2 K.

M : 700 1000 .

60% , 500 .

T bd c b

c 1166 c = 19 d


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P Rcd Pb dc R b:

F , P = 20

T , G = 17.0 dB = 50

Rc , G= 2 dB =1.6

Rcd R = 50 :

A 940 MH, P= 0.413 = 3.8 dB

A 1840 MH, P= 0.108 = 9.7 dB

P d 31.8 /2 = 31,800 /2.

2

244

==

RGGP

R

AreaGPPrtt

tt

r

P Rcd b A


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EPERIMENT: Rd

C T

50m 100m

M

( B)F

20 30 B 30 50 B

Bdbd = 2 dB d

dd c (CDMA, GSM900 d GSM1800)


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Md c ccd

cc d

d bd dc

dc d .

A b 80 100 dB . T 50 50

60 dB (100,000 1,000,000 )

d b b .


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50 c (IITB) 10 c (IITB)

Pc M IIT Bb

P d dd d :

6dB d 5dB (. ) 50 d 10,

c.


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Location

Reading in

dBm

Readings in

W/m2

Readings in

microW/m2

Delhi-Gurgaon Highway - near Toll (3 towers) 0 0.121 70,686

Vashi Bridge - after Railway Station -4 0.0481 28,274Resident 1, 4th Fl: Sergean House Lady w/cancer -6 0.0304 17,756

Resident 2, Opposite roof, Rane Society, Powai -10 0.012 7,069

Near Hub mall, Goregaon -10 0.012 7,069

Gandhi Nagar Over railway bridge-near building -12 0.00763 4,460

Ustav Chowk, Kharghar -12 0.00763 4,460Vikroli - before Godrej -14 0.00481 2,814

Govandi- Residential towers - near Indian Oil -14 0.00481 2,814

Belapur Flyover, near RBI- CIDCO -16 0.00304 1,776

Vashi Highway near Turbhe -18 0.00192 1,120

Nerul Bridge -20 0.00121 707Vivero pre School (opposite powai lake) -22 0.000763 446

Powai police station -22 0.000763 446

Rajeev Gandhi nagar -26 0.000304 177

On road near Evita (Hiranandani Building) -28 0.000192 112

D-Mart,Hiranandani, Powai -34 0.0000481 28IIT Bombay School of Management - Entrance -46 0.00000304 1.78

Radiation Measurement at various locations

Cumulative Readings including following:CDMA ,GSM 900 ,GSM 1800 ,Bluetooth, Wireless LAN (0.8-4GHz)


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SERGEANT HOUSE Rdc (4 F) Ld b dd

cc C 10 c d

b. Md P Rd M (

b) dB, c .

Entrance

-6

-6

-6 -6 -6

-10 -10

-12

-24

-4

-8

-18 -30-12-14

-4

-6


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Epidemiological studies-Cell Phone Antennas: Human Exposure

Studies in Spain, the Netherlands, Israel, Germany, Egypt and Austria all documentadverse health effects below the FCC guideline. Based on symptoms experiences:

Cellular phone base stations should not be sited closer than 300 m to populations.

(Santini R 2002)


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Serious health concerns regarding current Safety Guidelines


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RF Sc c


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T T Rdd P D

D H dc 800


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T T d d

d d


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BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS


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M Rc cd T

b, d d d , b, , ,

bd, c / , c d .


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M :

C Cc, , b, c

E S d, Hdc ,

D, dc, b, , d, ,c , b, , d

A


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B B B c

bd b, b c bc .

Ab b Dd bd & b c N Gd & c c.

NOE: BBB d b.

L Sd

1988

Ab c

bd;d c BBB


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4 cdc A d ( )

3 c c (ALS) ( )

B

C cc ,, dd a (P a aa)

A , Pa' a

A , , Pa' a

( ) ( Burch 1999a , )


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DNA D

E a Ca2+ a

Ca2+ a a a a

DAa a a DA aa.

1. Ca2+ a:

2. aa :

DA a & a a a a

T aa, a & a DA aa


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W Daa DA > Ra DA a,

a a a a a

aa a E a .

aa aa a,

a DA, a a.

3) aa a :


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a C(a/ Aa)

O (SP)

()

Ca C

a a

a C

C 23 a a a

E H

DUse of mobile phones before bed disturbs Stage

4 sleep, the stage important for full recuperation

of brain and body.

I


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I

C 3% a , a aa


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C a a a:

S a a & aa a a C aa

a Ea aa a

C

R a a a (25%), 1 a (5%) a a 5 a (75%).

F &M R a a aa a

& a

a a


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E

A a a aff ,(

transtyretin protein conc.)

a a .

Rashes /sores redness of skin

crawling, biting and stinging sensations

granules, threads or black speck-likematerials on or beneath the skin.


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E D

Damage the delicate workings of the inner ear.

Patients,18-25 yrs of age - damaged hair cells by RFRfrom phones. Hearing problems occur because these cells do

not regenerate

Tinnitus or Ringxiety- sensation of cell

phone ring in millions of cell phone users.

People with severe tinnitus may have troublehearing, working or even sleeping.

Warm sensation/pain > tinnitus > irreversible hearing loss

E E/ M


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E E/ M

G a E a a a

a a a a.

Tiny bubbles "created due to microscopic

friction between particular cells exposed to

EMR. Contrary to macroscopic damage, the

microscopic damage does not heal and

accumulates with time.

Right frame - Control lens with no damage.

Bottom frame - demonstrates the effect of

microwave radiation on bovine lens sutures .

(A) a Daa

(B) Daa

M


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M

Powerful antioxidant, antidepressant and immunesystem enhancer that regulates circadian rhythm.

> 25 /

M

(Burch 1997, 2002, Graham C 2000)

sleep disturbancechronic fatigue, depression

cardiac, reproductive and neurological diseases

DNA damageincreased eye stress renal impairment

childhood leukemia

arthritis cancer miscarriage


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I C

Cell phone use also increases risk of glioma, acoustic neuroma,

salivary gland tumors , uveal melanoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma,

facial nerve tumors, skin, blood, testicular and breast cancer

Children and teenagers, before age of 20 -

Five times more likely to get brain cancer if

they use cell phones.

Mobile phone use >10 years doubles

risk of brain cancer. Risk is highest foripsilateral (on the same side of the head

where the instrument is held) exposure

Live Blood Cells and Electrosmog


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Live Blood Cells and Electrosmog

C


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C

H,

D

N, ,

H

P

Ca

Oa

R

aa

S

E E


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E E

F Da Da , aa, a a , a

a a a.

S, , a, a a a a a.

B aa, , .

75% a a a.

' L a aa . a P, a, ,

Ba a aa

H B


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A aaa US

1/4 (a 2.4 ) CCD. L $812 US aa .

US a Aaa a Ca.

B a a a a. W a

, a a .

C Ca D (CCD): A aaa . Ca a a

a a.

H B

CCD a US ( 7 %), Ea (54% a), Ga,

Sa, a, Sa, G, Sa, Wa, aa

Result of Re-evaluation of Interphone Study


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Result of Re-evaluation of Interphone Study

INTERPHONE WHO -10 year,13 countries,

largest (5,117 brain tumor cases), $25 million

dollars to evaluate risk on brain tumours.

Conclusion - no overall risk, but suggestionsof glioma -heavy users & ipsilateral exposures

Re-evalution - Risk underestimated by at least 25%

Flaws in the design

25% industry funded

Correction factor - significant results.

For every 100 hours of use -26% risk of meningiomaInitial 24% risk of glioma ed to 55% - regular users (2 hrs/month)?

Doubled - quadrupled brain tumor risk - heavy users (1/2 hour/day)

Children, young adults excluded. New study - Mobi-kids

CASE STUDY


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CASE STUDY

MY LIFE IN a FARADAY CAGE

Dr. Carlos Sosa, M.D., physician and surgeon living in Medellin,Colombia - Had to move five different apartments all over the city,

resign his position at the hospital due to nearby masts and high

radiation inside the Emergency Service. He now lives in a Faraday

cage that prevents radiations from entering inside.

CASE STUDY


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CASE STUDY

250,000 Swedes allergic to mobile phone radiation

Around 230,000 - 290,000 Swedish men and

women - Out of a population of 9,000,000 are nowelectro hypersensitive and report a variety of

symptoms when being in contact withelectromagnetic field.

One of the first countries where mobile

technology was introduced (approx. 15 years ago).

Sweden has now recognized EHS (Electrohypersensitivity) as aphysical degradiation and EHS sufferers are entitled to have metal

shielding installed in their homes free of charge from the local

government.

CASE STUDY


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CASE STUDY

Increased cancer cases with proximity to Towers


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Wa a

Pdcd b MB $ C

Pdc d Id d b

c c,c c

b


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U , b bb

, EM d

b , b , d

d c RF Rd d c

d .

Hc, d c .

E, d , d c, b c c , . S,

bd c bb d c .


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I dd c d c , d c , c, ,

T &FM , c , c. dd .

Sc d b cd Id.T d

. b c

... Hc c dd , CNGd c, bd c, c. S,

d c d d d.

Mb c d b d dd cc d c b.

O d c c

c .


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1) H T, , HFRd GSM c d 2) Sd, L G ., N C D M B A E Mc

GSM Mb P, E H Pc 111, 7, 881883, 2003

3) Gd ., IEEE Tc Mc T d Tc, 1996.

4) A A R b c d : b d,

O, T O Abc Sb S, 20065) d, A.., A, S.M., S, M.L., D, L. d M, M.J., C

50 H c d , J P Rc, 25,

116127, 1998

6) Bc CF, B SG, K LS, H DE, J T , Ec ELF d cc

b , Rd Rc, 92, 510520, 1982

7) L, H, S, NP, M d cd bc dc ccddcd DNA d b b c, Bcc, 18, 446454, 1997

8) A G, Tc S, Gcc G, A F, C A, Pd C, S M,Ic d

d c d c,E H J, 18(10), 1632

4161, 1997

9) B M, Gd R, Ecc d c, P 16 (2009) 7178,10) A K, S H, R Nd d D Lc* Mb d

S, a, 28, 9:77

11) P a, T , O E M. 2010

12) Paa a, A a ., J Oa a

S., Caa, 21 1;39(1):511.


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13) ARa G, a, aa a aa a aa, , 28(2), 4344, 26

14) B, J.B a "Ca a a a a a". : Aa

Ra Ba E a a a,

a , Sa D, CA, . 913, P52.

15) Sa A, Aaa G, A W, B , B , J : T a

aa a aa. E 21 , 12(1):712

16) a , CaM, Sd F, H Md K, M LL. L c

d b : cd cd >/_10 . Occ E Md 2007;64:

62632.

17) S R, S P, D JM, L R P, S M, Sd c

b b : Icdc ccd dc d , P B, 50(6),36973, 2002 27

18) E H., H K. U., Lc B., P., H., T Ic B Pc N C

P T M Icdc Cc, Pbd UMdGc

17,4 2004

19) B, A. (2002). Edc cc b dc d dc

GSM

20) Lc , K G. Cc b b d c d T d d

. Pcc . S 1998;29:43744.

21) B A., Ecc . Ec d, P 16

(2009) 191199


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1 Girish Kumar Cell Tower Radiation Hazards 12 May 2011

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