1 GEM Tracker for high luminosity experiments at JLab Hall A Evaristo Cisbani (8), V. Bellini (5), M. Capogni (2), S. Colilli (8), R. De Leo (4), R. De Oliveira (1), V. De Smet (3,5), R. Fratoni (8), S. Frullani (8), F. Giuliani (8), M. Gricia (8), F. Librizzi (5), M. Lucentini (8), F. Mammoliti (5), S. Minutoli (6), P. Musico (6), F. Noto (5), R. Perrino (7), F. Santavenere (8), C. Sutera (1) CERN, Geneva, Swiss (2) ENEA Casaccia, Italy (3) Haute Ecole Paul Henri Spaak, ISIB-Brussels, Belgium (4) INFN Bari and University of Bari, Bari, Italy (5) INFN Catania and Catania University, Catania, Italy (6) INFN Genova, Genova, Italy (7) INFN Lecce, Lecce, Italy (8) INFN Roma Sanità group and Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy M P G D 2 0 1 1 - 2 9 A u g u s t 2 0 1 1 - K o b e E . C i s b a n i e t a l . – G E M T r a c k e r @ J L a b H a l l A 1
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1 GEM Tracker for high luminosity experiments at JLab Hall A Evaristo Cisbani (8), V. Bellini (5), M. Capogni (2), S. Colilli (8), R. De Leo (4), R. De.
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GEM Tracker for high luminosity experiments at JLab Hall A
Evaristo Cisbani (8), V. Bellini (5), M. Capogni (2), S. Colilli (8), R. De Leo (4), R. De Oliveira (1), V. De Smet (3,5), R. Fratoni (8), S. Frullani (8), F. Giuliani (8), M. Gricia (8), F. Librizzi (5), M. Lucentini (8), F. Mammoliti (5), S. Minutoli (6), P. Musico (6), F. Noto (5), R. Perrino (7), F.
Santavenere (8), C. Sutera
(1) CERN, Geneva, Swiss(2) ENEA Casaccia, Italy(3) Haute Ecole Paul Henri Spaak, ISIB-Brussels, Belgium(4) INFN Bari and University of Bari, Bari, Italy(5) INFN Catania and Catania University, Catania, Italy(6) INFN Genova, Genova, Italy(7) INFN Lecce, Lecce, Italy(8) INFN Roma Sanità group and Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
1. Origin of quark and gluon confinement (non-perturbative QCD)– Gluonic excitations, existence and properties of exotic mesons (and baryons)
– Mesons and baryons spectroscopy
2. Dynamics of the quarks/gluons in the nucleons– Parton Distributions Functions (and Fragmentation Functions)
– New view of nucleon structure via the Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) accessed in Exclusive Reactions
– Form Factors at high Q2, improve knowledge of charge and current in the nucleons – constraints on the GPDs
3. Dynamics of the nucleons in the nuclei– The Quark Structure of Nuclei (resolving the EMC effect)
– The Short-Range Behavior of the N-N Interaction and Its QCD Basis
– Quark propagation through Nuclear Matter (hadronization)
4. Standard model limits– High Precision Tests of the Standard Model via Parity-Violating Electron
Scattering Experiments (low energy but very high luminosity)
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Some challenging experiments in Hall AExperiments Luminosity
(s·cm2)-1
Tracking Area(cm2)
Resolution
Angular(mrad)
Vertex(mm)
Momentum(%)
GMn - GEn up to 7·1037 40x150 and 50x200
< 1 <2 0.5%
GEp(5) up to 8·1038
40x120, 50x200 and
80x300
<0.7~1.5
~ 1 0.5%
SIDIS up to 2·1037 40x120,40x150 and
50x200
~ 0.5 ~1 <1%
Maximum reusability: same trackers in different experimental configuration
Most demandingMost demanding
HighRates Large
Area
Down to ~ 70 mmspatial resolution
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SuperBigbite Spectrometer in Hall A
SiD
Large luminosity
Moderate acceptance
Forward angles
Reconfigurable detectors
Large luminosity
Moderate acceptance
Forward angles
Reconfigurable detectors
Electronics for:• Small silicon detector (SiD)• Front GEM tracker• Large backward GEM trackers
>100k channels
High photon up to 250 MHz/cm2 and electron 160 kHz/cm2 background
Use VME64x
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Tracker approach: 40x50 cm2 Module
Use the same “basic” module for all trackers types
– Size: 40x50 cm2 active area + 8 mm frame width
• FEM study:
– 3 x GEM foils (moving to single mask tech.)
– 2D strip readout (a la COMPASS) - 0.4 mm pitch
– x/y coordinates
Two exceptions in readout foil:
1. Front Tracker last 2 chambers:• Double segmented readout to reduce occupancy
(Pentchev talk)
2. Coordinate Detector:• 1D strip readout• 1 mm pitch
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Tracker Chambers configuration
Modules are composed to form larger
chambers with different sizes
Electronics along the borders and
behind the frame (at 90°) – cyan and
blue in drawing
Carbon fiber support frame around the
chamber (cyan in drawing); dedicated
to each chamber configuration
Front TrackerGeometry
x6
Back Trackers Geometry
X(4+4)
GEp(5) SBS
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Drfit, GEM and Readout foils
20 HV sectors on one side of the GEM
Reference holes
Gas In/Out
HV Terminals
ZIF terminals (0.3 mm pitch)
Protection resistors on each HV sectors
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Gas Flow / COMSOL MultiPhysics Simulation
V. De Smet + F. Noto
Maximize Uniformityand steady flux
Minimize spacer apertures
Final design
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MonteCarlo + Digitazation + Tracking
High g + e background hits~ MHz/cm2
(Signal is red)
Bogdan Wojtsekhowski + Ole Hansen+ Vahe Mamyan et al.
6 GEM chambers with x/y readoutUse multisamples (signal shape)
for background filtering
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Electronics Components
GEM FEC MPD DAQ
Main features:• Use analog readout APV25 chips• 2 “active” components: Front-End card and VME64x custom module • Copper cables between front-end and VME• Optional backplane (user designed) acting as signal bus, electrical shielding, GND
Digital Input +Power supplyERNI marketing changed:female connector available only wired
Analog out +Digital Input +Power supply
APV25
Improved ZIF connectors (2x77)and groundingin the final version
mainlyfor test
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Radiation Hardness Test of Voltage Regulators
Irradiated by 137Cs (0.834 Gy/min) for 3 days -> corresponding to about 4.5 JLab years of operation
Comparison of Rad. Hard LHC 4913 PDU and Standard SMD TPS736 Voltage Regulators
Power Cycle
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MultiPurposeDigitizer v1
VME64x controller hosts the
digitization of the analog signals
coming from the front-end card.
It handles all control signals required
by the front end cards (up to 16 FE)
Compliant to the JLab/12 VME64x
VITA 41 (VXS) standard
We intend to make it accessible by
standard VME/32 as well
2 HDMI-type A: digital lines + 2
analog lines (compatible with
RD51/SRS hybrids connector)
2 HDMI-type B: 16 analog lines
Added delay line for clock-convert
phase fine tuning (DELAY25 from
CERN)
DigitalOUT
(HDMI)
16 AnalogIN (HDMI) Analog
Receivers
ADCs50 MHz12 bits
USB
ETH
OpticalFiber
2x64MbyteSDRAM
Live InsertionHot-Swap
Oscillators(100 MHz, 62.5 MHz)
Flash EPROM
Thermometer
Voltage Regulators
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Electronics layout on one chamber
FE cards are connected by a passive backplane (with hard rad voltage regulators); backplane acts as a good GND connection for the cards
Front-end cards are electromagnetically shielded by backplane and external frame (with thin conductive tape)
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External Service Frame
Mechanical support of:• GEM module• Electronics• Services (Gas, Cabling ...)
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Assembling the first 40x50 cm2 module
Stretching
Gluing the nextframe with spacers
Foil Tension: T = 2 kg/cmSpacer Sector: S = 170 cm2Expected maximum pressure on foil P 10 N/m2
Maximum foil deformation:u 0.0074 * P * S / T = 6.4 mm
Use stretching and spacersto keep foil flat
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Stretcher design from LNF / Bencivenni et al.
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Beam test @ DESY (EUDET support) MP
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Beam test @ DESY (EUDET support)
• Fully equiped GEM
module
• 18 front-end cards
• 2304 channels
(front end cards on the
other side)
• 7 independente HV
levels
2-6 GeV low intensity electron beam / silicon tracker available
Data taking: end of 2010
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Beam test @ DESY (EUDET support)
Dec/2010On-line data: beam profile
July/2010(10x10 cm2 GEM)
Large improvement from July/2010
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Single Events @ DESY 2010 TestClear hits But still noisy events
x
y
Electronics Firmware were not fully reliable (several misaligned events and channels) which makes the analysis quite difficult.
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CERN test (magnetic field effects)
Electronics firmware consolidated but No chance to take good data:lost the 40x50 prototype (GEM 2 short) due (likely) to improper operation of the HV system.
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Magnetic field / Extrapolation from KLOE Data
Limit due toreadoutpitch
Expected fringefield at JLab
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10x10 GEM Tracker for High Intensity Test MP
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Electronics (2500 channels) @ Olympus GEM
Commissioning this year; data taking in 2012
The APV electronics has been installed onthe Olympus GEM tracker made of 6 10x10 chambers with 2D readout (pad/strip)
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Conclusions● Several improvements in the last 6 months:
● Bugs fixed (in electronics firmware mainly)● Mechanics and GEM design improved● Montecarlo and Track Reconstruction● Firmware largely improved
● Design of the JLab GEM Tracker is finalized● Work is still in progress in several directions:
● External service frame under finalization● Readout electronics firmware (move to external SDRAM)● DAQ Software● Data analysis● HV system - independent channels with current monitor (LNF/Corradi)
● New production of 40x50 module just requested (mechanics and foils); clean room ready; stretcher under revision
● Final electronics production will start in second half of September