1 “ ESTER BASED TECHNOLOGY ” To make fuels Self Cleaning and Self Lubricating ETHOS FR.

1

“ESTER BASED TECHNOLOGY”

To make fuels Self Cleaning and Self Lubricating

ETHOS FR

2

WHAT IS AN “ESTER”?• An Ester is a product of the reaction of

an Acid and an Alcohol.

Synthetic Esters

3

ESTERS IN NATURE• The most common esters found in

nature are fats and vegetable oils.• Many esters have distinctive odors,

which led to their widespread use as artificial flavorings and fragrances.

4

Some Common Esters• Methyl Butanoate smells like Pineapple

• Ethyl Methanoate smells of Raspberry

• Pentyl Ethanoate smells like Banana

• Pentyl Pentanoate smells like Apple

• Pentyl Butanoate smells like Apricot

• Octyl Ethanoate smells like Orange

Source - Wikipedia Encyclopedia

5

Did you know?That Biodiesel is Ester

based?

6

Different Varieties of Biodiesel

• RME – Rapeseed Methyl Ester, from Rapeseed Products

• PME – Vegetable Methyl Ester, purely from vegetable products

• FME – Fat Methyl Ester, from vegetable AND animal products

• FAME - Fatty Acid Methyl Esters

Source - Wikipedia Encyclopedia

7

SOY METHYL ESTER BIO-DIESEL

• Derived from Soybean Oil• The most common Bio Diesel source in the US• Has a lower energy content than #2 Diesel• 89% less efficient fuel• Has a higher viscosity range than #2 Diesel

(1.9-6.0 centistokes vs 1.3-5.8 centistokes)

This helps offset the lower energy content through reduced barrel/plunger leakage resulting in slightly improved injection efficiency.

8

HISTORY OF BIODIESEL• 1853 - Scientists E. Duffy and J. Patrick

were successful in the transesterification of a vegetable oil.

Metzner,Jim.”Transesterification: Turning Used Vegetable Oil Into Clear-Burning Biodiesel

Fuel.”

9

HISTORY OF BIODIESEL• 1898 – Rudolf Diesel’s first Diesel engine with a flywheel

at it’s base ran at the Paris, France Expo. It was powered by peanut oil.

Rudolph Christian Carl Diesel Born 1858 – Died 1913

10

HISTORY OF BIODIESEL• One of the first uses of trans-esterified vegetable oil was

powering heavy duty vehicles in South Africa before World War II.

11

HISTORY OF BIODIESEL• During the 1920’s Diesel manufacurers altered their

engines to utilize the lower viscosity of Petro-diesel, which was much cheaper to produce than biomass fuel.

• Since that time until the present day, Biodiesel just about disappeared as an alternate fuel.

Source - Wikipedia Encyclopedia

12

HISTORY OF BIODIESEL

• 1990’s – France launched local production of biodiesel fuel (known as Diester)

13

July 13, 2001 BBI International

Car makers and petroleum companies prize the rapeseed fuel for its high level of oxygen and absence of sulphur, which give it a lubricating capacity seen as its main advantage.

Diester also helps reduce engines' carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, thus cutting harmful greenhouse effects, Nicol said.

Diester is the best answer to reduce CO2 emissions,'' said Beatrice Perrier, an engineer at the French car maker PSA Peugeot Citroen , which produces engines that can use up to 30 percent diester without having to be overhauled.

The European Commission said last month that it planned to present proposals later this year requiring that all oil refineries mix a percentage of biofuel with petrol.

14

HISTORY OF BIODIESEL

• From 1978 to 1996, the US National Renewable Energy Lab experimented with using Algae as a Biodiesel source in the “Aquatic Species Program”

15

ADVANTAGES OF BIODIESEL

• Pure Biodiesel has a very low Toxicity Rating of greater of 50ML per KG.

• This means that 3 liters would have to be consumed for an average person to cause death 50% of the time.

• This makes Biodiesel ten times less toxic than table salt.

• Biodiesel can extend our Petrodiesel reserve

16

ADVANTAGES OF BIODIESEL• Biodiesel is the only alternative fuel to have fully

completed the health effects testing requirements of the Clean Air Act.

• The use of biodiesel in a conventional diesel engine results in substantial reduction of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter compared to emissions from diesel fuel.

• The exhaust emissions of sulfur oxides and sulfates (major components of acid rain) from biodiesel are essentially eliminated compared to diesel.

Source – National Biodiesel Board

17

DISADVANTAGES OF BIODIESEL

• Biodiesel may degrade rubber gaskets and hoses in older vehicles (prior to 1992).

• Fuel filters may become clogged with particulates due to the fact that biodiesel is a better solvent than petrodiesel and quickly cleans out lines and tanks.

• Biodiesel has less energy than Petrodiesel.

18

DISADVANTAGES OF BIODIESEL

• Biodiesel does produce more NOX emissions when it is burned because Nitrogen is more compressed in the organic form.

19

DISADVANTAGES OF BIODIESEL

• The cost of Biodiesel is currently much higher than Petrodiesel.

• Even at a low 5% ratio, there currently isn’t enough supply of biodiesel being produced in this country to meet the demand, which will probably keep the price inflated for several years.

20

ETHOS to the Rescue! Synthetic Esters CLEAN, just like

Biodiesel, and:

• They are non-toxic

• They are non-hazardous• They will also extend Petro-

Diesel reserves by Cleaning

and Lubricating engines.

21

Dr. Morton Fainman & Dr. Fred Chorney

• Early 1980 Chemists created an ester based formulae consisting of two straight chain carboxylic acid esters, one having a low molecular weight and the other having a higher molecular weight.

• They discovered that the low molecular weight esters cleaned, and the high molecular weight esters lubricated, the inside of any reciprocating engine.

22

THE FAINMAN THEORY

• Fuels can be improved to decrease deposits inside engines.

• While at the same time increasing fuel lubricity.

23

US PATENT No.

• May 1, 1990 a Utility Patent was registered with the United States Patent office.

4,920,691

24

How much is enough?

• It was discovered that only a small amount of esters were required to be present in an engine to clean and lubricate it.

• Less than 800 parts per million.

• That’s less than 1 tenth of 1 percent.

25

ADDITIVE VS REFORMULATOR

ADDITIVE MEANS:

• A substance added in small amounts to something else to improve, strengthen, or otherwise alter it.

OR

• a substance added to another in relatively small amounts to effect a desired change in properties.

26

ADDITIVE VS REFORMULATOR REFORMULATOR MEANS:

• To Re-Formulate or develop again, To improve a theory or hypothesis.

THE DIFFERENCE IS:• An Additive changes the specifications

of the base it is added to, whereas a Re-Formulator does not.

27

CARBON BUILDUP• Causes pre-ignition and

detonation• Causes loss of efficiency• Causes emissions to

increase• Is harmful to the engine• Costs money

28

NO CARBON BUILDUP

• Engine runs smoother, more efficiently

• Lower Emissions• Engine lasts longer• Saves money

29

DECARBONIZATION PROCESS

% CO

Begin Within First Few Minutes After Initial De-Carbonization

Complete de-carbonization of the engine takes time.  Each engine could respond differently.

30

IS ETHOS FR BETTER THAN BIODIESEL?

USING SYNTHETIC ESTERS IN PETRODIESEL:

• Gives all the cleaning and lubricating benefits

of Biodiesel.

• Less expensive than even 5% Biodiesel.

• Results in even lower emissions when used

with CLEAN Biodiesel.

31

CLEAN FUEL MEANS LESS EMISSIONS

Water and contaminants cause 95% of injector and pump failures.

Filtration removes contaminants to less than 1 Micron in size.

Most fuels exceed the set limit of 2 milligrams of contamination per liter.

32

DAVIE, FLORIDA• Filters were installed on the diesel pump for the town of Davie,

Florida. Two days later, as fire trucks were being refueled, very little fuel was flowing from the pump. Upon investigation, it was discovered that a water leak had developed and contaminated the fuel in the main storage tank.

Since water cannot pass through most filters, only a very small quantity of diesel fuel was passing through. If the filters had not been installed, the fire trucks would have been filled with water contaminated diesel fuel. Had they attempted to operate the fire trucks with the contaminated fuel, it could have required the engines to be overhauled.

33

Southwest Research Institute

• September 2004 - National Biodiesel Board tested Ester Based Technology product, Ethos Fuel Reformulator, along with Biodiesel and got these results:

34

Using ECD-1 Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel

• HC output .090 g/hp-hr

• CO 2.600 g/hp-hr

• NOX 4.370 g/hp-hr

• PM .214 g/hp-hr

Source- National Biodiesel Board

35

ECD-1 + B20 Biodiesel

• HC output .070 g/hp-hr -22%

• CO 2.530 g/hp-hr -2.7%

• NOX 4.650 g/hp-hr +6.4%

• PM .181 g/hp-hr -15.4%

Source – National Biodiesel Board

36

ECD-1 + B20 Biodiesel + Ethos

• HC output .050 g/hp-hr -28.6%

• CO 2.420 g/hp-hr -4.35%

• NOX 4.650 g/hp-hr No Change

• PM .175 g/hp-hr -3.3%Source – National Biodiesel Board

37

Emissions Recap ECD-1 only ECD-1+B20 ECD-1+B20+EthosHC .090 .070 .050CO 2.600 2.530 2.420NOX 4.370 4.650 4.650PM .214 .181 .175

All results are in g/hp-hr

Source – National Biodiesel Board

38

CASTROL USA SAYS

• May 28, 2004 Press release:

“The polarized ester molecules in Castrol GTX Start Up cling to an engine’s metal surfaces to provide advanced anti-wear protection.”

Castrol SpokespersonKimberly Lancaster (401) 792-7080

39

OTHER FACTORS• Preventative Maintenance costs keep going

up every year, ETHOS should stabilize this.• ETHOS protects engine parts from internal

wear and tear.• ETHOS can increase the interval between oil

changes and transmission overhauls.• This makes the total savings hard to estimate,

but should exceed fuel savings alone.

40

Does ETHOS save fuel?

Millions of test miles show that fuel economy increases in fleets from

9% to 19%

How much savings is determined by how old the fleet is, the current mechanical condition of vehicles, etc.

41

ESTIMATED SAVINGS• Fleets using 50 gal per day per vehicle:• 50 X $1.80 = $90 fuel costs X 10% = $9• $9 savings X 200 vehicles = $1,800 per day $9,000 per wk $468,000 per yr

• PLUS lower costs for maintenance and repairs

42

GASOLINE TOO?• ETHOS works in Gasoline fuel as well.• Hybrid Vehicles should also benefit.• Emissions are usually reduced by 50% on

vehicles older than 10 years.• Mileage usually increases 5% to 25%• ETHOS raises Octane rating of Gasoline by 5

to 10 points, depending on the ratio used.• ETHOS can make regular gas work in

aircraft.

43

ETHOS in EVERYTHING?

• Fuels• Crankcases• Transmissions• Power Steering Units• Hydraulic Systems• Gear Boxes• 2 Cycle Engines

44

Disadvantages to ETHOS

Gas and oil companies

Sell less fuel, therefore

They make less profit.

That will probably make

them angry, and we don’t

want to see anyone angry,

but..….

45

WHAT’S THE ENVIRONMENT WORTH?

46

DATELINE Oct 8, 2004

• With a haze of pollution reaching dangerous levels over Paris, France’s government banned half of all cars from the nation’s capital on Wednesday.

• Only cars with a serial number ending in an odd digit are permitted into the City of Lights, since the experimental ban started on an odd-numbered day, Oct 1. Emergency vehicles, electric-powered cars and cars with at least 3 people also are allowed.

47

WHAT IS POSSIBLE?During the Super Mileage Car Contest held in August 2003 in Hiroshima, Japan, Team Fancy Carol from Japan achieved a record fuel efficiency of 11,193 miles per gallon. While the high fuel economy sounds great, most consumers would find the car less than desirable due to the top speed just over 15 miles per hour, the cramped position of the driver, and the lack of amenities such as a radio, air conditioning, or roll-down windows.

48

ETHOS is available Today!

• Pays for itself, and More!

• Reduces Emissions

• Vehicles last longer, lower PM costs

• Satisfies Environmentalists concerns

• “The Day After Tomorrow” never happens

• Soon we can drive in Paris again!