xi Contents Part I General Principles of Neurocritical Care 1 Establishing and Organizing a Neuroscience Critical Care Unit ....... 3 Marek A. Mirski 2 Electrolyte and Metabolic Derangements ............................................. 13 Nikki Jaworski and Ansgar Brambrink 3 Fever and Infections................................................................................ 37 Neeraj Badjatia 4 Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism: Physiology and Monitoring........................................................................................ 51 Jeremy Fields and Anish Bhardwaj 5 Multimodality Monitoring in Acute Brain Injury ............................... 61 Kristine H. O’Phelan, Halinder S. Mangat, Stephen E. Olvey, and M. Ross Bullock 6 Cerebral Edema and Intracranial Hypertension ................................. 73 Matthew A. Koenig 7 Cardiac Dysfunction, Monitoring, and Management.......................... 89 Andrew Naidech 8 Airway Management and Mechanical Ventilation in the NCCCU ......................................................................................... 99 Paul Nyquist 9 Blood Pressure Management ................................................................. 115 Ameer E. Hassan, Haralabos Zacharatos, and Adnan I. Qureshi 10 Nutrition in Neurocritical Care ............................................................. 123 Tara Nealon
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xi
Contents
Part I General Principles of Neurocritical Care
1 Establishing and Organizing a Neuroscience Critical Care Unit ....... 3Marek A. Mirski
2 Electrolyte and Metabolic Derangements ............................................. 13Nikki Jaworski and Ansgar Brambrink
3 Fever and Infections ................................................................................ 37Neeraj Badjatia
4 Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism: Physiology and Monitoring........................................................................................ 51Jeremy Fields and Anish Bhardwaj
5 Multimodality Monitoring in Acute Brain Injury ............................... 61Kristine H. O’Phelan, Halinder S. Mangat, Stephen E. Olvey, and M. Ross Bullock
6 Cerebral Edema and Intracranial Hypertension ................................. 73Matthew A. Koenig
7 Cardiac Dysfunction, Monitoring, and Management .......................... 89Andrew Naidech
8 Airway Management and Mechanical Ventilation in the NCCCU ......................................................................................... 99Paul Nyquist
9 Blood Pressure Management ................................................................. 115Ameer E. Hassan, Haralabos Zacharatos, and Adnan I. Qureshi
10 Nutrition in Neurocritical Care ............................................................. 123Tara Nealon
xii Contents
11 Sedation, Analgesia, and Neuromuscular Paralysis ............................ 145Marek A. Mirski
12 Postoperative Care .................................................................................. 173W. Andrew Kofke and Robert J. Brown
13 Care Following Neurointerventional Procedures ................................. 217Yahia M. Lodi, Julius Gene Latorre, Jesse Corry, and Mohammed Rehman
14 Ethical Issues and Withdrawal of Life-Sustaining Therapies ............ 247Wendy L. Wright
15 Collaborative Nursing Practice in the Neurosciences Critical Care Unit.................................................................................... 265Filissa M. Caserta
Part II Specific Problems in Neurocritical Care
16 Coma and Disorders of Consciousness ................................................. 277Edward M. Manno
17 Acute Encephalopathy ............................................................................ 287Robert D. Stevens, Aliaksei Pustavoitau, and Tarek Sharshar
18 Traumatic Brain Injury .......................................................................... 307Geoffrey S.F. Ling and Scott A. Marshall
19 Acute Myelopathy ................................................................................... 323Angela Hays and Julio A. Chalela
20 Ischemic Stroke ....................................................................................... 341Neeraj S. Naval and Anish Bhardwaj
21 Intracerebral Hemorrhage ..................................................................... 353Neeraj S. Naval and J. Ricardo Carhuapoma
22 Intraventricular Hemorrhage ................................................................ 365Kristi Tucker and J. Ricardo Carhuapoma
23 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage .................................................................... 371Eric M. Bershad and Jose I. Suarez
24 Brain Injury Following Cardiac Arrest ................................................ 389Romergryko G. Geocadin
xiiiContents
25 Meningitis and Encephalitis ................................................................... 409Barnett R. Nathan
26 Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis ...................................................... 421Agnieszka A. Ardelt
27 Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome, Malignant Hyperthermia, and Serotonin Syndrome ........................................................................ 435Panayiotis N. Varelas and Tamer Abdelhak