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• The MPAT staff and the Mongolia Armed Forces welcomes you to The MPAT staff and the Mongolia Armed Forces welcomes you to CDW-8 / TE-5CDW-8 / TE-5
• This is This is YOURYOUR workshop and our focus is the advancement of our workshop and our focus is the advancement of our Multinational readiness to respond to crisis situations involving Multinational readiness to respond to crisis situations involving military operations other than war (MOOTW) military operations other than war (MOOTW)
• Before we begin …. Lets get to know each other. Before we begin …. Lets get to know each other.
Introduction Introduction - Your Rank, Name, Branch of Service (Army, Air Force, Marine, Navy)Your Rank, Name, Branch of Service (Army, Air Force, Marine, Navy)
- Your countryYour country
- Your military area of expertise (planning, infantry, air ops and so Your military area of expertise (planning, infantry, air ops and so forth)forth)
• Phone numbers: Mr. John Miller- 9911-0323, Mr. Bob Holub- Phone numbers: Mr. John Miller- 9911-0323, Mr. Bob Holub- 99091907, CDR Wohlschlegel- Room 51399091907, CDR Wohlschlegel- Room 513
• The MPAT staff and the Mongolia Armed Forces welcomes you to The MPAT staff and the Mongolia Armed Forces welcomes you to CDW-8 / TE-5CDW-8 / TE-5
• This is This is YOURYOUR workshop and our focus is the advancement of our workshop and our focus is the advancement of our Multinational readiness to respond to crisis situations involving Multinational readiness to respond to crisis situations involving military operations other than war (MOOTW) military operations other than war (MOOTW)
• Before we begin …. Lets get to know each other. Before we begin …. Lets get to know each other.
Introduction Introduction - Your Rank, Name, Branch of Service (Army, Air Force, Marine, Navy)Your Rank, Name, Branch of Service (Army, Air Force, Marine, Navy)
- Your countryYour country
- Your military area of expertise (planning, infantry, air ops and so Your military area of expertise (planning, infantry, air ops and so forth)forth)
• Phone numbers: Mr. John Miller- 9911-0323, Mr. Bob Holub- Phone numbers: Mr. John Miller- 9911-0323, Mr. Bob Holub- 99091907, CDR Wohlschlegel- Room 51399091907, CDR Wohlschlegel- Room 513
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ACADEMICS
PRACTICALEXERCISE
(COA ANALYSIS)
ACADEMICS
PRACTICALEXERCISE
(COAANALYSIS &
COMPARISON)
PRACTICALEXERCISE
(STAFF ESTIMATE DEVMT)
ACADEMICS
PRACTICALEXERCISE(MISSION ANALYSIS)
Scenario Brf
ACADEMICS
PRACTICALEXERCISE
(COADEVELOP-
MENT)
InitialCOA BRIEF
Improving CTF Activation and
Planning Effectiveness
Products:Commander’s Estimate
TEMPEST EXPRESS (MPAT TE-5)TEMPEST EXPRESS (MPAT TE-5)Mongolia August 2003Mongolia August 2003
Initiation: Supported Strategic Commander’s Warning Order to CTF
Mon4 Aug
Tue5 Aug
Wed6 Aug
Thur7 Aug
Fri8 Aug
Form Form
The The
CTFCTFMongolia Hosted Cultural Activity
& Lunch
Ice Breaker
(Optional) Academics for MAF
Participants&
CDW & MNF SOP
Thur31 July
(Optional) AcademicsNew MPAT Participants
&
CDW & MNF SOP
(cont)
Fri1 Aug
Open Cer.
FreeFreeTimeTime
ACADEMICSMission Analysis Brief
COA
Decision Brief
AARCultural Event
Back-up
Sat2 Aug
Sun3 Aug
Closing Cer.
FreeFreeTimeTime
4
Coalition Planning Groups (CPG) Coalition Planning Groups (CPG) Functional Staff Planning CellsFunctional Staff Planning Cells
Coalition Planning Groups (CPG) Coalition Planning Groups (CPG) Functional Staff Planning CellsFunctional Staff Planning Cells
• MPAT nations identified MNF SOP as a desired MPAT nations identified MNF SOP as a desired document to increase multinational crisis document to increase multinational crisis response capabilities within Asia-Pacific regionresponse capabilities within Asia-Pacific region
- Not prescriptive, binding, or directiveNot prescriptive, binding, or directive- Will be left “unsigned” intentionallyWill be left “unsigned” intentionally- Act as “guide” (start point) for multinational Act as “guide” (start point) for multinational
operationsoperations- It is not a USPACOM document, rather it is a MPAT It is not a USPACOM document, rather it is a MPAT
developed Multinational SOPdeveloped Multinational SOP
• Five dedicated MNF SOP Development Five dedicated MNF SOP Development Workshop have been conducted, the first was Workshop have been conducted, the first was July 01 with 24 MPAT nations participatingJuly 01 with 24 MPAT nations participating
• MPAT nations identified MNF SOP as a desired MPAT nations identified MNF SOP as a desired document to increase multinational crisis document to increase multinational crisis response capabilities within Asia-Pacific regionresponse capabilities within Asia-Pacific region
- Not prescriptive, binding, or directiveNot prescriptive, binding, or directive- Will be left “unsigned” intentionallyWill be left “unsigned” intentionally- Act as “guide” (start point) for multinational Act as “guide” (start point) for multinational
operationsoperations- It is not a USPACOM document, rather it is a MPAT It is not a USPACOM document, rather it is a MPAT
developed Multinational SOPdeveloped Multinational SOP
• Five dedicated MNF SOP Development Five dedicated MNF SOP Development Workshop have been conducted, the first was Workshop have been conducted, the first was July 01 with 24 MPAT nations participatingJuly 01 with 24 MPAT nations participating
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Multinational Planning Multinational Planning Augmentation Team (Augmentation Team (MPAT )MPAT )
A cadre of military planners from nations A cadre of military planners from nations with Asia-Pacific interests capable of with Asia-Pacific interests capable of rapidly augmenting a multinational force rapidly augmenting a multinational force (MNF) headquarters established to plan (MNF) headquarters established to plan and execute multinational coalition and execute multinational coalition operations in response to military operations in response to military operations other than war (MOOTW) / small operations other than war (MOOTW) / small scale contingencies (SSC). scale contingencies (SSC).
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MNF SOPMNF SOPPurpose and FocusPurpose and Focus
MNF SOPMNF SOPPurpose and FocusPurpose and Focus
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Multinational Force Standing Multinational Force Standing Operating Procedures (MNF SOP) Operating Procedures (MNF SOP)
PurposePurpose
Multinational Force Standing Multinational Force Standing Operating Procedures (MNF SOP) Operating Procedures (MNF SOP)
PurposePurpose
• Increase multinational force (MNF):Increase multinational force (MNF):
- Speed of Initial ResponseSpeed of Initial Response
Small ScaleSmall ScaleContingency (SSC)Contingency (SSC)
Not Involving Use orNot Involving Use orThreat of Force (notThreat of Force (notinherentinherent in Opns) in Opns)>Antiterrorism>Antiterrorism>Disaster Relief>Disaster Relief>Peace Building>Peace Building>Humanitarian>Humanitarian>NEO >NEO >Counterdrug>Counterdrug>Domestic Support>Domestic Support
Military Operations Other Than War(MOOTW / SSC)
Combat Operations Noncombat Operations
War(MRC & SSC)
Goal: Deter / Resolve Conflict
Goal: Promote Stability & Peace and / or support non-military Opns
Use or Threat of ForceUse or Threat of ForceInherentInherent in Opns in Opns>Peace Enforcement>Peace Enforcement>Strikes/Raids/Show>Strikes/Raids/Showof forceof force>Counterterrorism >Counterterrorism >Counterinsurgency>Counterinsurgency>Peacekeeping>Peacekeeping
MNF SOP “Focus”
Goal: Fight & Win The Conflict
MNF SOP FocusMNF SOP Focus
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StrategicStrategic:: Development & employment of national / multinational level Development & employment of national / multinational level of resources. Involves national interests and crisis action effects that of resources. Involves national interests and crisis action effects that impact on a nation’s vital or survival interests.impact on a nation’s vital or survival interests.
OperationalOperational: Is the “link” between tactical and strategic objectives via : Is the “link” between tactical and strategic objectives via strategies, campaigns, and major operations.strategies, campaigns, and major operations.
Employment and arrangement of forces in time, space, and purpose Employment and arrangement of forces in time, space, and purpose for synchronization and integration at the JTF / CTF, interagency, and for synchronization and integration at the JTF / CTF, interagency, and multinational force level.multinational force level.
TacticalTactical:: Employment of units at the “execution level” for approved Employment of units at the “execution level” for approved military Course of Action (COA). Ordered arrangement and maneuver military Course of Action (COA). Ordered arrangement and maneuver of units for crisis response at the engagement and battle level.of units for crisis response at the engagement and battle level.
““MNF SOP focus – Campaign / Major Operations”MNF SOP focus – Campaign / Major Operations”
MNF FocusMNF FocusLevels Of Planning and OperationsLevels Of Planning and Operations
• FrameworkFramework: MNF SOP is based upon a “military : MNF SOP is based upon a “military context and perspective”.context and perspective”.
“ “ If a military force is to be deployed and employed, then the If a military force is to be deployed and employed, then the SOP must have a military perspective as its foundation”SOP must have a military perspective as its foundation”
• SOP OrganizationSOP Organization: :
- Part A and BPart A and B: Provides the “conceptual foundations” : Provides the “conceptual foundations” for multinational operations and the “operational start for multinational operations and the “operational start points” for forming a Coalition / Combined Task Force points” for forming a Coalition / Combined Task Force (CTF)(CTF)
- Part CPart C: Covers the Coalition / Combined Task Force HQs : Covers the Coalition / Combined Task Force HQs organization and functionsorganization and functions
• FrameworkFramework: MNF SOP is based upon a “military : MNF SOP is based upon a “military context and perspective”.context and perspective”.
“ “ If a military force is to be deployed and employed, then the If a military force is to be deployed and employed, then the SOP must have a military perspective as its foundation”SOP must have a military perspective as its foundation”
• SOP OrganizationSOP Organization: :
- Part A and BPart A and B: Provides the “conceptual foundations” : Provides the “conceptual foundations” for multinational operations and the “operational start for multinational operations and the “operational start points” for forming a Coalition / Combined Task Force points” for forming a Coalition / Combined Task Force (CTF)(CTF)
- Part CPart C: Covers the Coalition / Combined Task Force HQs : Covers the Coalition / Combined Task Force HQs organization and functionsorganization and functions
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MNF SOPMNF SOPKey TerminologyKey Terminology
MNF SOPMNF SOPKey TerminologyKey Terminology
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TERMINOLOGY TERMINOLOGY TERMINOLOGY TERMINOLOGY
• MNF Success is based upon on good MNF Success is based upon on good communications and good relationshipscommunications and good relationships
• Terminology can be a major challenge or be a Terminology can be a major challenge or be a major asset to MNF relations / operationsmajor asset to MNF relations / operations
• MNF SOP clearly addresses thisMNF SOP clearly addresses this upfront in Part A and Bupfront in Part A and B
• An acronym and commonAn acronym and common terminology list with terminology list with definitions is being developeddefinitions is being developed for the MNF SOPfor the MNF SOP
• MNF Success is based upon on good MNF Success is based upon on good communications and good relationshipscommunications and good relationships
• Terminology can be a major challenge or be a Terminology can be a major challenge or be a major asset to MNF relations / operationsmajor asset to MNF relations / operations
• MNF SOP clearly addresses thisMNF SOP clearly addresses this upfront in Part A and Bupfront in Part A and B
• An acronym and commonAn acronym and common terminology list with terminology list with definitions is being developeddefinitions is being developed for the MNF SOPfor the MNF SOP
• MNFMNF: Multinational Force – “Broad Overarching Term”: Multinational Force – “Broad Overarching Term”
- The entire organization of nations, participating forces, and The entire organization of nations, participating forces, and support based upon “shared interests”.support based upon “shared interests”.
• Two Types of MNF OperationsTwo Types of MNF Operations::
- CoalitionCoalition: Ad-Hoc / Crisis Based (Ex: INTERFET- East Timor): Ad-Hoc / Crisis Based (Ex: INTERFET- East Timor)
- CombinedCombined: Alliance / Treaty Based (Ex: NATO or UNC / CFC - : Alliance / Treaty Based (Ex: NATO or UNC / CFC - Korea)Korea)
• CTFCTF: Coalition / Combined Task Force : Coalition / Combined Task Force
- Combined TF (CTF)Combined TF (CTF): Alliance / Treaty Based (predetermined : Alliance / Treaty Based (predetermined guidelines and / or contingency plans present)guidelines and / or contingency plans present)
• MNFMNF: Multinational Force – “Broad Overarching Term”: Multinational Force – “Broad Overarching Term”
- The entire organization of nations, participating forces, and The entire organization of nations, participating forces, and support based upon “shared interests”.support based upon “shared interests”.
• Two Types of MNF OperationsTwo Types of MNF Operations::
- CoalitionCoalition: Ad-Hoc / Crisis Based (Ex: INTERFET- East Timor): Ad-Hoc / Crisis Based (Ex: INTERFET- East Timor)
- CombinedCombined: Alliance / Treaty Based (Ex: NATO or UNC / CFC - : Alliance / Treaty Based (Ex: NATO or UNC / CFC - Korea)Korea)
• CTFCTF: Coalition / Combined Task Force : Coalition / Combined Task Force
- Combined TF (CTF)Combined TF (CTF): Alliance / Treaty Based (predetermined : Alliance / Treaty Based (predetermined guidelines and / or contingency plans present)guidelines and / or contingency plans present)
Predetermined “operational start points” prior to a crisis Predetermined “operational start points” prior to a crisis will will assist in the CTF’s speed of initial response and assist in the CTF’s speed of initial response and mission mission effectiveness. effectiveness.
It is critical to “agree” or “agree to disagree” based uponIt is critical to “agree” or “agree to disagree” based upon a a common set of operational start points, terms, and processes.common set of operational start points, terms, and processes.
3.3. CTF Planning ProcessCTF Planning Process::
The CTF planning structure must provide for an “integrated and The CTF planning structure must provide for an “integrated and managed process” for the movement of plans from the planning managed process” for the movement of plans from the planning stage, to the refinement stage, and then to the execution stage.stage, to the refinement stage, and then to the execution stage.
Predetermined “operational start points” prior to a crisis Predetermined “operational start points” prior to a crisis will will assist in the CTF’s speed of initial response and assist in the CTF’s speed of initial response and mission mission effectiveness. effectiveness.
It is critical to “agree” or “agree to disagree” based uponIt is critical to “agree” or “agree to disagree” based upon a a common set of operational start points, terms, and processes.common set of operational start points, terms, and processes.
3.3. CTF Planning ProcessCTF Planning Process::
The CTF planning structure must provide for an “integrated and The CTF planning structure must provide for an “integrated and managed process” for the movement of plans from the planning managed process” for the movement of plans from the planning stage, to the refinement stage, and then to the execution stage.stage, to the refinement stage, and then to the execution stage.
The above principles sets the foundationThe above principles sets the foundationFor “unity of effort” within the MNF / CTF effortFor “unity of effort” within the MNF / CTF effort
Effective Mission Accomplishment by a MNF and CTF Effective Mission Accomplishment by a MNF and CTF requires clear and legitimate strategic guidance from a requires clear and legitimate strategic guidance from a higher headquartershigher headquarters
Sources of GuidanceSources of Guidance::
• Multinational Regional Organization guidanceMultinational Regional Organization guidance based upon based upon alliance / treaty.alliance / treaty.
• Coalition Multinational Organizational guidanceCoalition Multinational Organizational guidance based upon based upon crisis action coordination / collaboration and ad-hoc (non-crisis action coordination / collaboration and ad-hoc (non-treaty) actions. treaty) actions.
• UN Security Council or General Assembly resolution and UN Security Council or General Assembly resolution and mandatemandate for multinational military operations (UN authorized or for multinational military operations (UN authorized or UN led). UN led).
• Unilateral Operations by a single countryUnilateral Operations by a single country that evolves into a that evolves into a coalition operation or UN operation.coalition operation or UN operation.
Effective Mission Accomplishment by a MNF and CTF Effective Mission Accomplishment by a MNF and CTF requires clear and legitimate strategic guidance from a requires clear and legitimate strategic guidance from a higher headquartershigher headquarters
Sources of GuidanceSources of Guidance::
• Multinational Regional Organization guidanceMultinational Regional Organization guidance based upon based upon alliance / treaty.alliance / treaty.
• Coalition Multinational Organizational guidanceCoalition Multinational Organizational guidance based upon based upon crisis action coordination / collaboration and ad-hoc (non-crisis action coordination / collaboration and ad-hoc (non-treaty) actions. treaty) actions.
• UN Security Council or General Assembly resolution and UN Security Council or General Assembly resolution and mandatemandate for multinational military operations (UN authorized or for multinational military operations (UN authorized or UN led). UN led).
• Unilateral Operations by a single countryUnilateral Operations by a single country that evolves into a that evolves into a coalition operation or UN operation.coalition operation or UN operation.
• Broad Objectives for MNF (CTF)Broad Objectives for MNF (CTF)
• End States for MNF (CTF) Opns (Military End States)End States for MNF (CTF) Opns (Military End States)
• Broad Criteria for termination and transition of MNF OpnsBroad Criteria for termination and transition of MNF Opns
• Participating Nations and contributionParticipating Nations and contribution
• Lead Nation for effort and MNF SOP that will be usedLead Nation for effort and MNF SOP that will be used
• Agreement on Collective Security Interests InvolvedAgreement on Collective Security Interests Involved
• Specific Diplomatic, Economic, Informational, or Military Specific Diplomatic, Economic, Informational, or Military Limitations, Concerns, SensitivitiesLimitations, Concerns, Sensitivities
MNF SOP establishes baseline for this guidance:MNF SOP establishes baseline for this guidance:
• Broad Objectives for MNF (CTF)Broad Objectives for MNF (CTF)
• End States for MNF (CTF) Opns (Military End States)End States for MNF (CTF) Opns (Military End States)
• Broad Criteria for termination and transition of MNF OpnsBroad Criteria for termination and transition of MNF Opns
• Participating Nations and contributionParticipating Nations and contribution
• Lead Nation for effort and MNF SOP that will be usedLead Nation for effort and MNF SOP that will be used
• Agreement on Collective Security Interests InvolvedAgreement on Collective Security Interests Involved
• Specific Diplomatic, Economic, Informational, or Military Specific Diplomatic, Economic, Informational, or Military Limitations, Concerns, SensitivitiesLimitations, Concerns, Sensitivities
• Guidance may be initially incomplete or Guidance may be initially incomplete or fragmentary due to the complex and rapidly fragmentary due to the complex and rapidly evolving crisis situation (doesn’t stop the initial evolving crisis situation (doesn’t stop the initial MNF / CTF operational responses, but can hamper MNF / CTF operational responses, but can hamper them)them)
• Guidance will require ongoing refinements and Guidance will require ongoing refinements and adjustments as the crisis evolvesadjustments as the crisis evolves
• Strategic and CTF commanders / staff need to Strategic and CTF commanders / staff need to continually press for updated / refined guidance as continually press for updated / refined guidance as required by the situation (never-ending process)required by the situation (never-ending process)
• Guidance may be initially incomplete or Guidance may be initially incomplete or fragmentary due to the complex and rapidly fragmentary due to the complex and rapidly evolving crisis situation (doesn’t stop the initial evolving crisis situation (doesn’t stop the initial MNF / CTF operational responses, but can hamper MNF / CTF operational responses, but can hamper them)them)
• Guidance will require ongoing refinements and Guidance will require ongoing refinements and adjustments as the crisis evolvesadjustments as the crisis evolves
• Strategic and CTF commanders / staff need to Strategic and CTF commanders / staff need to continually press for updated / refined guidance as continually press for updated / refined guidance as required by the situation (never-ending process)required by the situation (never-ending process)
2.2. Common Command Relationships and / or Common Command Relationships and / or Common Control – Coordination ConceptsCommon Control – Coordination Concepts
4.4. Common Planning & Decision-Making ProcessCommon Planning & Decision-Making Process
5.5. Clear Understanding and Clarity of TerminologyClear Understanding and Clarity of Terminology
1.1. Lead Nation ConceptLead Nation Concept
2.2. Common Command Relationships and / or Common Command Relationships and / or Common Control – Coordination ConceptsCommon Control – Coordination Concepts
4.4. Common Planning & Decision-Making ProcessCommon Planning & Decision-Making Process
5.5. Clear Understanding and Clarity of TerminologyClear Understanding and Clarity of Terminology
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CTF Operational Start Point # 1CTF Operational Start Point # 1 Lead Nation ConceptLead Nation Concept
CTF Operational Start Point # 1CTF Operational Start Point # 1 Lead Nation ConceptLead Nation Concept
A Lead Nation is designated by the participating A Lead Nation is designated by the participating nations within the MNF effortnations within the MNF effort
Lead Nation is responsible for the strategic Lead Nation is responsible for the strategic consultation / coordination for the MNF effort consultation / coordination for the MNF effort Among nations Among nations With UN channelsWith UN channels With Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) or With Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) or
International Organization (IO)International Organization (IO) Lead Nation acts as the “single channel” of MNF Lead Nation acts as the “single channel” of MNF
strategic direction / guidance to military forces strategic direction / guidance to military forces within the MNF effort based upon collaboration within the MNF effort based upon collaboration and agreements with participating nationsand agreements with participating nations
Provides for “unity of effort”Provides for “unity of effort”
A Lead Nation is designated by the participating A Lead Nation is designated by the participating nations within the MNF effortnations within the MNF effort
Lead Nation is responsible for the strategic Lead Nation is responsible for the strategic consultation / coordination for the MNF effort consultation / coordination for the MNF effort Among nations Among nations With UN channelsWith UN channels With Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) or With Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) or
International Organization (IO)International Organization (IO) Lead Nation acts as the “single channel” of MNF Lead Nation acts as the “single channel” of MNF
strategic direction / guidance to military forces strategic direction / guidance to military forces within the MNF effort based upon collaboration within the MNF effort based upon collaboration and agreements with participating nationsand agreements with participating nations
Provides for “unity of effort”Provides for “unity of effort”
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Lead Nation ConceptLead Nation ConceptCriteriaCriteria
Lead Nation ConceptLead Nation ConceptCriteriaCriteria
• Vital / Survival Interest are most directly affected Vital / Survival Interest are most directly affected
• Provides the foundation for the CTF HQs and Provides the foundation for the CTF HQs and preponderance of forces preponderance of forces
• Most capable of carrying out the diplomatic and Most capable of carrying out the diplomatic and international planning, coordination, and international planning, coordination, and execution responsibilities for the MNF effort.execution responsibilities for the MNF effort.
(Note: Nations can have major functional responsibilities (Note: Nations can have major functional responsibilities within the MNF effort (medical, airlift, etc.); but there is within the MNF effort (medical, airlift, etc.); but there is only “one” Lead Nation)only “one” Lead Nation)
• Vital / Survival Interest are most directly affected Vital / Survival Interest are most directly affected
• Provides the foundation for the CTF HQs and Provides the foundation for the CTF HQs and preponderance of forces preponderance of forces
• Most capable of carrying out the diplomatic and Most capable of carrying out the diplomatic and international planning, coordination, and international planning, coordination, and execution responsibilities for the MNF effort.execution responsibilities for the MNF effort.
(Note: Nations can have major functional responsibilities (Note: Nations can have major functional responsibilities within the MNF effort (medical, airlift, etc.); but there is within the MNF effort (medical, airlift, etc.); but there is only “one” Lead Nation)only “one” Lead Nation)
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CTF Operational Start Point # 2CTF Operational Start Point # 2
Common Command Relationships and / or Common Command Relationships and / or Common Control – Coordination ConceptsCommon Control – Coordination Concepts
CTF Operational Start Point # 2CTF Operational Start Point # 2
Common Command Relationships and / or Common Command Relationships and / or Common Control – Coordination ConceptsCommon Control – Coordination Concepts
• Foundation – Two Chains of Command Always Foundation – Two Chains of Command Always Exist. Within the CTF command, each nations’ Exist. Within the CTF command, each nations’ forcesforces are commanded by TWO separate are commanded by TWO separate chains of command at all times:chains of command at all times:
#1: The Respective “NATIONAL” Chain of #1: The Respective “NATIONAL” Chain of CommandCommand
#2: The MNF “MULTINATIONAL” Chain of #2: The MNF “MULTINATIONAL” Chain of CommandCommand
• Foundation – Two Chains of Command Always Foundation – Two Chains of Command Always Exist. Within the CTF command, each nations’ Exist. Within the CTF command, each nations’ forcesforces are commanded by TWO separate are commanded by TWO separate chains of command at all times:chains of command at all times:
#1: The Respective “NATIONAL” Chain of #1: The Respective “NATIONAL” Chain of CommandCommand
#2: The MNF “MULTINATIONAL” Chain of #2: The MNF “MULTINATIONAL” Chain of CommandCommand
• Command and Control Relationships Command and Control Relationships ConceptsConcepts::
- OPCON - Operational ControlOPCON - Operational Control: command authority to : command authority to organize and employ forces, assign tasks, designate organize and employ forces, assign tasks, designate objectives, and give authoritive direction necessary to objectives, and give authoritive direction necessary to accomplish the missionaccomplish the mission
- TACON – Tactical ControlTACON – Tactical Control: more restrictive command : more restrictive command authority that is limited to the detailed control of authority that is limited to the detailed control of movements or maneuvers within a give operational area movements or maneuvers within a give operational area (AO) necessary to accomplish assigned missions or (AO) necessary to accomplish assigned missions or tasks.tasks.
- SUPPORTSUPPORT: command authority for support relationships : command authority for support relationships to assist in the coordination and direction of MNF to assist in the coordination and direction of MNF logistical planning, coordination, and control / direction logistical planning, coordination, and control / direction (types will be cover later in brief ….)(types will be cover later in brief ….)
• Command and Control Relationships Command and Control Relationships ConceptsConcepts::
- OPCON - Operational ControlOPCON - Operational Control: command authority to : command authority to organize and employ forces, assign tasks, designate organize and employ forces, assign tasks, designate objectives, and give authoritive direction necessary to objectives, and give authoritive direction necessary to accomplish the missionaccomplish the mission
- TACON – Tactical ControlTACON – Tactical Control: more restrictive command : more restrictive command authority that is limited to the detailed control of authority that is limited to the detailed control of movements or maneuvers within a give operational area movements or maneuvers within a give operational area (AO) necessary to accomplish assigned missions or (AO) necessary to accomplish assigned missions or tasks.tasks.
- SUPPORTSUPPORT: command authority for support relationships : command authority for support relationships to assist in the coordination and direction of MNF to assist in the coordination and direction of MNF logistical planning, coordination, and control / direction logistical planning, coordination, and control / direction (types will be cover later in brief ….)(types will be cover later in brief ….)
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Categories of SupportCategories of Support(A Form of Command Relationship)(A Form of Command Relationship)
General SupportGeneral Support
Given to the supported force as a whole, rather than to a Given to the supported force as a whole, rather than to a particular particular subdivision thereof.subdivision thereof.
Mutual SupportMutual Support
Rendered by units to each other against an enemy because of Rendered by units to each other against an enemy because of their assigned tasks, their position relative to each other and to their assigned tasks, their position relative to each other and to the enemy, and their inherent capabilitiesthe enemy, and their inherent capabilities
Direct SupportDirect Support
A mission requiring a force to support another specific force andA mission requiring a force to support another specific force andauthorizing it to answer directly the supported force’s request for authorizing it to answer directly the supported force’s request for assistance.assistance.
Close SupportClose Support
Actions of the supporting force against targets or objectives that Actions of the supporting force against targets or objectives that are sufficiently near the supported force as to require detailed are sufficiently near the supported force as to require detailed integration or coordination of the supporting action with the fire, integration or coordination of the supporting action with the fire, movement or other actions of the supported force.movement or other actions of the supported force.
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Strategic Guidance OPCON or TACONStrategic Guidance OPCON or TACONAnd SupportAnd Support
National Command National Command National Command, National Command, TheaterTheater
Lead Nation Lead Nation National Authority/iesNational Authority/ies
Nation #1 ex. ASNation #1 ex. AS
Lead Nation Lead Nation National Authority/iesNational Authority/ies
MNF SOP OptionsMNF SOP Options::1.1. Adjust the ParametersAdjust the Parameters::
- Adjust the operating definitions and authorities of Adjust the operating definitions and authorities of OPCON, TACON, and SUPPORT.OPCON, TACON, and SUPPORT.
2.2. Create New Operative TermsCreate New Operative Terms::- Simply create new “terms” to reflect the authorities Simply create new “terms” to reflect the authorities
required for the situation and to address National required for the situation and to address National concerns.concerns.
3.3. Tailored Lead Nation OrganizationTailored Lead Nation Organization::- Tailor to maintain the benefits of the Lead nation Tailor to maintain the benefits of the Lead nation
organizational concept while balancing the concerns of organizational concept while balancing the concerns of respective Nations within the MNF effort.respective Nations within the MNF effort.
- Balanced approach … not desired…. But may be Balanced approach … not desired…. But may be required to maintain “teamwork / partnership / unity of required to maintain “teamwork / partnership / unity of effort”effort”
MNF SOP OptionsMNF SOP Options::1.1. Adjust the ParametersAdjust the Parameters::
- Adjust the operating definitions and authorities of Adjust the operating definitions and authorities of OPCON, TACON, and SUPPORT.OPCON, TACON, and SUPPORT.
2.2. Create New Operative TermsCreate New Operative Terms::- Simply create new “terms” to reflect the authorities Simply create new “terms” to reflect the authorities
required for the situation and to address National required for the situation and to address National concerns.concerns.
3.3. Tailored Lead Nation OrganizationTailored Lead Nation Organization::- Tailor to maintain the benefits of the Lead nation Tailor to maintain the benefits of the Lead nation
organizational concept while balancing the concerns of organizational concept while balancing the concerns of respective Nations within the MNF effort.respective Nations within the MNF effort.
- Balanced approach … not desired…. But may be Balanced approach … not desired…. But may be required to maintain “teamwork / partnership / unity of required to maintain “teamwork / partnership / unity of effort”effort”
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Legend:Legend:Strategic Guidance OPCON or TACONStrategic Guidance OPCON or TACONAnd SupportAnd Support
Tailored Lead NationTailored Lead Nation(Parallel Command -- Foreign Command of Nation’s Forces is an Issue)(Parallel Command -- Foreign Command of Nation’s Forces is an Issue)
Coalition Coordination Center (CCC)Coalition Coordination Center (CCC)
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UN Sanctioned/Authorized “Coalition, Lead Nation Led”
SRSG
Human Rights Component
Humanitarian Component
Election Component
Police Component
Administrative component
Observer Force
UN SG
Lead Nation Concept(CTF under UN legitimacy – UN Authorized)
Note: Can haveUN LEAD (UN Sponsored) vsLead Nation led (UN Sanction/Authorized)But not recommended forComplex Opns requiringThe use of military force
38
Legend:Legend:Strategic GuidanceStrategic GuidanceAnd Support And Support
OPCON or TACONOPCON or TACON
National CommandNational Command Tentative, This Tentative, This Component may or mayComponent may or maynot be activated due tonot be activated due tonature of the crisis.nature of the crisis.
CoalitionCoalitionCoordinationCoordinationCenter (used Center (used in coalitions)in coalitions)
TF AirTF AirEastEast
TF AirTF AirWestWest
IA = Inter-Agencies
IA
IA
41
CTF Operational Start Point # 3CTF Operational Start Point # 3 Standardized CTF Headquarters OrganizationStandardized CTF Headquarters Organization
CTF Operational Start Point # 3CTF Operational Start Point # 3 Standardized CTF Headquarters OrganizationStandardized CTF Headquarters Organization
• Major HQs Functions That Must Be Addressed in Major HQs Functions That Must Be Addressed in Military Operations Other than War (MOOTW):Military Operations Other than War (MOOTW):- Operational Staff (C1 through C7)Operational Staff (C1 through C7)- Personal Staff (Legal, Public Affairs, etc.)Personal Staff (Legal, Public Affairs, etc.)- Coalition CoordinationCoalition Coordination- Civil-Military CoordinationCivil-Military Coordination- Logistics CoordinationLogistics Coordination- Media Support – International and NationalMedia Support – International and National- CTF Planning Process CTF Planning Process (Long Range to Mid-Term, Near-Term, and Current)(Long Range to Mid-Term, Near-Term, and Current)
• Major HQs Functions That Must Be Addressed in Major HQs Functions That Must Be Addressed in Military Operations Other than War (MOOTW):Military Operations Other than War (MOOTW):- Operational Staff (C1 through C7)Operational Staff (C1 through C7)- Personal Staff (Legal, Public Affairs, etc.)Personal Staff (Legal, Public Affairs, etc.)- Coalition CoordinationCoalition Coordination- Civil-Military CoordinationCivil-Military Coordination- Logistics CoordinationLogistics Coordination- Media Support – International and NationalMedia Support – International and National- CTF Planning Process CTF Planning Process (Long Range to Mid-Term, Near-Term, and Current)(Long Range to Mid-Term, Near-Term, and Current)
CTF PLANNING PROCESSCTF PLANNING PROCESS(C5 PLANS, C3 FOPS, and C3 COPS)(C5 PLANS, C3 FOPS, and C3 COPS)
Red Area “ Shared Top Level Classification Info AreaRed Area “ Shared Top Level Classification Info Area
Special Special AccessAccess
OpsOps(SOF)(SOF)ClassificationClassification::
Secret – MNF RELSecret – MNF RELClassificationClassification::Case by Case Case by Case
Multinational and CTF Media Support Staffs Multinational and CTF Media Support Staffs (Coalition / Combined Media Pools) (Coalition / Combined Media Pools)
Multinational and CTF Media Support Staffs Multinational and CTF Media Support Staffs (Coalition / Combined Media Pools) (Coalition / Combined Media Pools)
Coalition / Combined Logistics Coordination Center(CLCC) Classification level is case by case
CTF Planning Process(PLANS, FOPS, COPS)
(MNF Top Level Classification)
The hatched area is Shared Top Level Classification Info Area
Special Access
Ops(SOF)
Classification level is
Case by Case
Effective Multinational and CTF Media Support Staffs (Coalition / Combined Media Pools)
COS
C7Civil/Mil
Classification level is
Case by Case
IA
IA
IA
IA
IA
Inter-Agencies
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CTF Operational Start Point #4CTF Operational Start Point #4
Common Planning & Decision-Common Planning & Decision-Making ProcessMaking Process
CTF Operational Start Point #4CTF Operational Start Point #4
Common Planning & Decision-Common Planning & Decision-Making ProcessMaking Process
• Two Major CTF Functions that MUST Two Major CTF Functions that MUST be fully understood and executed be fully understood and executed during the CTF’s activation:during the CTF’s activation:
• Two Major CTF Functions that MUST Two Major CTF Functions that MUST be fully understood and executed be fully understood and executed during the CTF’s activation:during the CTF’s activation:
““Provides for an integrated and managed process to efficiently moveProvides for an integrated and managed process to efficiently moveCTF plans from the planning stage, to the refinement stage, and thenCTF plans from the planning stage, to the refinement stage, and thento the execution stage”to the execution stage”
““Hand-Off”Hand-Off”of Planof Plan
** The timeframes outlined above are only an initial guide. The CTF Commander and staff will develop the cells’ planning focus based upon actual mission requirements.
4612
Command Group Command Group Task CTF Planning Efforts & Provide Direction/GuidanceTask CTF Planning Efforts & Provide Direction/Guidance
Command Group Command Group Task CTF Planning Efforts & Provide Direction/GuidanceTask CTF Planning Efforts & Provide Direction/Guidance
CTF: 0-96 HrsCTF: 0-96 Hrs
Issues Orders, Drafts Pertinent Messages Monitor, Assess, Direct & Control
CTF should be activatedCTF should be activatedAt the earliest possibleAt the earliest possibletime based upon time based upon situational factors.situational factors.
FORM CTF HQFORM CTF HQFORM CTF HQFORM CTF HQ
AugmentationAugmentationAugmentationAugmentation
CTF is activated “not later than” beginning of Phase III via the Warning Order (earlier is desired)
CTF is activated “not later than” beginning of Phase III via the Warning Order (earlier is desired)
Commander’s Commander’s EstimateEstimate
IVIVCOACOA
SelectionSelection
IVIVCOACOA
SelectionSelection
IIIIIICOACOA
DevelopmentDevelopment
IIIIIICOACOA
DevelopmentDevelopment
CAP - CRISIS ACTION PLANNINGCOA - COURSE OF ACTION
IIIICrisisCrisis
AssessmentAssessment
IIIICrisisCrisis
AssessmentAssessment
CTF Crisis Action Planning Process CTF Crisis Action Planning Process
48
C
TF
TH
EA
TE
R
NA
TIO
NA
L
CT
F
T
HE
AT
ER
N
AT
ION
AL
OP
ER
AT
ION
AL
S
TR
AT
EG
IC
S
TR
AT
EG
ICO
PE
RA
TIO
NA
L
ST
RA
TE
GIC
ST
RA
TE
GIC Nations NCA
Consultations & Assessments
1. Strategic Assessment
2. Essential Strategic Guidance Developed
3. Situation Monitored
4. Collective NCA decision for multinational military crisis response
5. Lead nation designated
6. Supported Strategic Commander, CCTF, and Supporting Commands Designated.
• CTF Crisis Action Planning must focus on two CTF Crisis Action Planning must focus on two critical areas of planning early on in the initial CTF critical areas of planning early on in the initial CTF activation:activation:
1.1. Strategic LevelStrategic Level: Clear Situational Analysis and Strategic : Clear Situational Analysis and Strategic Assessments at the National and / or UN Strategic Levels – Assessments at the National and / or UN Strategic Levels – Clear Strategic Guidance / MandateClear Strategic Guidance / Mandate
2.2. Operational LevelOperational Level: Thorough CTF Mission Analysis, Course : Thorough CTF Mission Analysis, Course of Action Development, and Commanders Estimate of Action Development, and Commanders Estimate
• CTF Crisis Action Planning must focus on two CTF Crisis Action Planning must focus on two critical areas of planning early on in the initial CTF critical areas of planning early on in the initial CTF activation:activation:
1.1. Strategic LevelStrategic Level: Clear Situational Analysis and Strategic : Clear Situational Analysis and Strategic Assessments at the National and / or UN Strategic Levels – Assessments at the National and / or UN Strategic Levels – Clear Strategic Guidance / MandateClear Strategic Guidance / Mandate
2.2. Operational LevelOperational Level: Thorough CTF Mission Analysis, Course : Thorough CTF Mission Analysis, Course of Action Development, and Commanders Estimate of Action Development, and Commanders Estimate
50
Lead Nation National Authority
Regional Organization United Nations
1. Strategic Assessment
2. Collective National Authority/UN Decision for Multinational Military effort
3. Resolution / Mandate Developed Debated UN SC
4. Resolution Issued or5. Multinational or Regional Organization Consultation Decision
Focus 1: Strategic Level Clear Strategic Guidance & End State (Clear Mandate)
Focus 1- Strategic
51
Focus 2
CTFMissionAnalysis
COADevelopment
COAAnalysis
COAComparison
Plan/OrderDevelopment
MissionAnalysis
Brief
CDRPlanningGuidance
COA DecisionBrief to Cdr
COASelection
Commander’s Est.To Lead Nation
National Authority(or UN)
Critical CTF Planning Process(MPAT TE Focus)
Warning Order
WARNING ORDER
WARNING ORDER
CDR’S ESTIMATE
Focus 2: CTF Mission Analysis, COA Development, & Commander’s Estimate
CDR’S ESTIMATE
52
• MNF SOP TERMINOLOGYMNF SOP TERMINOLOGY
- MPAT Concerted Effort to develop base definitions for MPAT Concerted Effort to develop base definitions for CTF Operational Start PointsCTF Operational Start Points
• CTF HQs terms and Command RelationshipsCTF HQs terms and Command Relationships
- CTF Glossary will address all terms and abbreviationsCTF Glossary will address all terms and abbreviations
- MPAT Workshops will continually reinforce the “basic MPAT Workshops will continually reinforce the “basic foundation” of termsfoundation” of terms
• MNF SOP TERMINOLOGYMNF SOP TERMINOLOGY
- MPAT Concerted Effort to develop base definitions for MPAT Concerted Effort to develop base definitions for CTF Operational Start PointsCTF Operational Start Points