1 EMISSION INVENTORY OF BANGLADESH under Malé Declaration on Control and Prevention of Air Pollution And Its Likely Transboundary Effects for South Asia.

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EMISSION INVENTORY OF EMISSION INVENTORY OF BANGLADESHBANGLADESH under Malunder Maléé Declaration Declaration on Control and Prevention of Air Pollution on Control and Prevention of Air Pollution And Its Likely Transboundary Effects for And Its Likely Transboundary Effects for

South AsiaSouth Asia

SYED NAZMUL AHSANSYED NAZMUL AHSANDEPARTMENT OF ENVIORNMENT, BANGLADESHDEPARTMENT OF ENVIORNMENT, BANGLADESH

ANDAND

S.M.QUAMRUL HASSANS.M.QUAMRUL HASSANBANGLADESH METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENTBANGLADESH METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT

2nd National Stakeholders Workshop24 November 2008Dhaka, Bangladesh

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The emissions inventory is based on a The emissions inventory is based on a common methodology developed by the common methodology developed by the Swedish Environmental Institute (SEI) for Swedish Environmental Institute (SEI) for countries in South Asia - itself derived from countries in South Asia - itself derived from various inventory approaches used in other various inventory approaches used in other regions of the world. According to the SEI regions of the world. According to the SEI approach, sources of air emissions are approach, sources of air emissions are categorized into ten sectors namely:categorized into ten sectors namely:

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Source SectorsSource Sectors

1. Combustion in the Energy Industries2. Combustion in Manufacturing

Industries and construction3. Transport4. Combustion in Other Sectors5. Fugitive emissions from fuels6. Industrial processes7. Solvent and other product use8. Agriculture9. Vegetation fires and Forestry10. Waste

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Source SectorsSource Sectors

This sector includes Fuel Combustion Activities (Sectors 1 to 4) as well as sources of Fugitive Emissions from Fuels (Sector 5). Sectors 1 to 4 include fuel combustion activities within the Energy Industries (Sector 1), Manufacturing Industries and Construction (Sector 2), Transport (Sector 3), and Other Sectors (Commercial/Institutional, Residential and Agriculture/ Forestry/Fishing—Sector 4). Sector 5 includes non-combustion activities related to the extraction, processing, storage, distribution and use of fuels.

Energy

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Source SectorsSource Sectors

This category covers those industrial processes that generate by-product emissions (that is, process emissions) or fugitive emissions of the pollutants covered by this Manual. It specifically excludes all combustion emissions from industry as these are already covered in Sector 2. However, it includes emissions from energy commodities used as a raw material in processes and coal and coke used as reducing agents for metal production (e.g. in iron manufacture). This sector includes the Mineral Products Industry, the Chemical Industry, Metals Production and the Pulp and Paper Industry.

Industrial processes

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Source SectorsSource Sectors

This category covers the use of solvents and other products containing volatile compounds that are sources of NMVOC emissions. It includes the application of paint, glue and adhesives; metal degreasing and dry cleaning of fabrics; the manufacture of certain chemical products; and the use of solvents in the printing industry.

Solvent and Other Product Use

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Source SectorsSource Sectors

This category includes livestock manure management and the application of nitrogen-containing fertilizers, both of which are responsible for ammonia emissions. It also covers field burning of agricultural crop residues. Fuel combustion emissions in agriculture are excluded as these are covered in Sector 4.

Agriculture

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Source SectorsSource Sectors

This sector includes the on-site burning of forests and natural grasslands (excluding savannas). These fires may be man-induced (due to prescribed burning for management purposes or conversion to other land uses, or by accident) or natural wildfires.

Vegetation fires and forestry

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Source SectorsSource Sectors

This emissions source category covers all types of waste incineration except waste-to-energy facilities (which are dealt with under Energy facilities) and on-field burning of crop residues (dealt with under Agriculture). It includes the incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW), industrial waste and commercial waste. Also included are emissions of ammonia from human excreta stored in latrines ("dry" toilets located outside the house) or from defecation/urination outdoors (e.g. in the fields or bush).

Waste

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Estimation methodsEstimation methods Most emissions can be estimated using the simple relation:

Emissions = Emission factor x Activity rate

Emission Inventory Workbook

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Sources of Data:Sources of Data:

1. International Energy Agency (IAEA)1. International Energy Agency (IAEA)

2. FAOSTAT 2. FAOSTAT

3. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)3. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)

4. Bangladesh Road Transport Authority 4. Bangladesh Road Transport Authority (BRTA)(BRTA)

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Emission by pollutant typeEmission by pollutant type Sulphur dioxide (SO2)

11.3

1.7 1.63.2

1.5

17.5

2.51.1 1.1

5.3

0.0 0.6

0.002.004.006.008.00

10.0012.0014.0016.0018.0020.00

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Emission by pollutant typeEmission by pollutant type Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)

21.3

0.2

7.6

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36.9

10.3

33.4

2.60.1 0.0

26.322.9

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Emission by pollutant typeEmission by pollutant type Carbon Monoxide (CO)

3.0 0.0 3.4 0.0110.3

2.7

1770.6

18.4 0.1 0.1

651.4

0.0 52.7

0.00200.00400.00600.00800.00

1000.001200.001400.001600.001800.002000.00

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Emission by pollutant typeEmission by pollutant type Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds (NMVOC)

0.8 0.0 0.521.9

0.0 1.2

191.3

3.7

37.7

0.4

48.9

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Emission by pollutant typeEmission by pollutant type Ammonia (NH3)

0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.027.4

0.0 0.027.8 15.0

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Emission by pollutant typeEmission by pollutant type Particulate matter less than 10μm (PM10)

0.5 0.0 0.2 0.0

1769.6

1.1 51.3 0.0 0.0

354.2

47.3 0.0 23.8

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Emission by pollutant typeEmission by pollutant type Particulate matter less than 2.5μm (PM2.5)

0.5 0.0 0.1 0.0

621.2

1.141.1

0.0 0.0 17.547.3

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Emissions by SectorEmissions by Sector Public electricity and heat Sector

CO8%

NMVOC2%

PM10

1%

NH3

1%

SO2

30%

NOx

58%

SO2 NOx CO NMVOC NH3 PM10 PM2.5

11.29 21.31 2.99 0.77 0.20 0.55 0.47

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Emissions by SectorEmissions by Sector Other combustion in energy industries

NMVOC1%

CO2%

SO2

87%

NOx

10%

SO2 NOx CO NMVOC NH3 PM10 PM2.5

1.68 0.18 0.05 0.0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00

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Emissions by SectorEmissions by Sector Combustion in manufacturing industry

CO25%

PM10

1%NH3

0%NMVOC

4%

NOx

58%

SO2

12%

SO2 NOx CO NMVOC NH3 PM10 PM2.5

1.59 7.64 3.35 0.51 0.06 0.19 0.07

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Emissions by SectorEmissions by Sector Road Transport Sector

NOx2%

CO6%

NMVOC1%

SO2

0.2%

PM10

91%

SO2 NOx CO NMVOC NH3 PM10 PM2.5

3.17 36.94 110.34 21.87 0.08 1769.56 621.21

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Emissions by SectorEmissions by Sector Non-road transport

CO16%

NMVOC7%

SO2

9%PM10

7%

NOx

61%

SO2 NOx CO NMVOC NH3 PM10 PM2.5

1.49 10.34 2.70 1.19 0.03 1.13 1.06

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Emissions by SectorEmissions by Sector Residential Sector

CO85%

NMVOC9%

NOx

2%

NH3

1%SO2

1%

PM10

2%

SO2 NOx CO NMVOC NH3 PM10 PM2.5

17.50 33.44 1770.63 191.26 27.38 51.31 41.06

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Emissions by SectorEmissions by Sector Combustion in Other Sectors

CO69%

NMVOC13%

SO2

9% NOx

9%

SO2 NOx CO NMVOC NH3 PM10 PM2.5

2.53 2.56 18.42 3.67 0.00 0.01 0.00

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Emissions by SectorEmissions by Sector Emissions from Industrial Processes

NH3

7%

PM10

93%

SO2 NOx CO NMVOC NH3 PM10 PM2.5

1.12 0.02 0.06 0.39 27.80 354.25 17.50

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Emissions by SectorEmissions by Sector Burning of agricultural crop residues

CO82%

NMVOC6%

NOx3%

SO2

1%PM10

6%NH3

2%

SO2 NOx CO NMVOC NH3 PM10 PM2.5

5.33 26.34 651.38 48.86 14.96 47.26 47.26

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Total EmissionsTotal Emissions

SO2 NOx CO NMVOC NH3 PM10 PM2.5

47.40 165.48 2612.74 310.38 626.15 2248.09 750.48

CO44%

NMVOC5%

NOx

3%SO2

1%

NH3

10%

PM10

37%

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LIMITATIONS…..LIMITATIONS…..

• Data were not available in all sectors (e.g. solvent and other product use).

• Difficult to acquire information (e.g. fugitive emissions of particulate matter from major building construction activities).

• Incomplete data

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FUTURE PLAN…..FUTURE PLAN…..

• It is to be needed for updating emission inventory by using 2005 data

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