1: dp/dt (+) 2: dp/dt (-) 3: Peak Left Ventricular Pressu 4: Time to Peak Left Ventricula Pressure 5: Systolic Time 6: Diastolic Time 7: Left Ventricular End-Systol Pressure and Volume 8: Left Ventricular End-Diast Pressure and Volume 9: Right and Left Atrial Pres 10: Rate of Aortic Flow 11: Stroke Volume and Cardiac Output Parameters Reflecting Contractility
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1: dp/dt (+) 2: dp/dt (-) 3: Peak Left Ventricular Pressure 4: Time to Peak Left Ventricular Pressure 5: Systolic Time 6: Diastolic Time 7: Left Ventricular.
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1: dp/dt (+)2: dp/dt (-)3: Peak Left Ventricular Pressure4: Time to Peak Left Ventricular Pressure 5: Systolic Time 6: Diastolic Time 7: Left Ventricular End-Systolic Pressure and Volume 8: Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Pressure and Volume 9: Right and Left Atrial Pressure10: Rate of Aortic Flow11: Stroke Volume and Cardiac Output
Parameters Reflecting Contractility
Air Pressure
A: OutflowB: Starling resistanceC: Electromagnetic flow probeD: Warming coilE: Venous reservoirF: Inflow1:Electrocardiogram2: Left ventricular pressure – dp/dt (+/-)3: Left atrial pressure4: Aortic pressure5: Systemic output (cardiac output less coronary flow)
Heart-lung preparation
Control-I and venous reservoir raised 5cm
AP (mmHg)
LVP (mmHg)
dp/dt (+/-) (mmHg/sec)
Venous reservoir raised 5cmControl-I
SO (ml/min)SO (ml/min)
200 -
0 -
200 -
0 -
0 -
0 -
+ 5000 -
- 5000 -
0 -
LAP (cmH2O)
20 -
200 -
Control-II
AP (mmHg)
LVP (mmHg)
LAP (cmH2O)
dp/dt (+/-) (mmHg/sec)
SO (ml/min)
200 -
200 -
0 -
0 -
0 -
0 -
0 -
+ 5000 -
- 5000 -
20 -
200 -
Peak failure and NE (3g)
NE(3g)
Peak failure
AP (mmHg)
LVP (mmHg)
dp/dt (+/-) (mmHg/sec)
SO (ml/min)
LAP (cmH2O)
200 -
0 -
0 -
0 -
+ 5000 -
- 5000 -
0 -
200 -
200 -
0 -
20 -
10 minutes after NE
AP (mmHg)
LVP (mmHg)
dp/dt (+/-) (mmHg/sec)
SO (ml/min)
LAP (cmH2O)
0 -
200 -
0 -
0 -
0 -
+ 5000 -
- 5000 -
0 -
20 -
200 -
200 -
SO (ml/min)
dp/dt (+/-) (mmHg/sec)
LVP (mmHg)
AP (mmHg)
Ouabain – peak correction of failure and onset of arrhythmia
LAP (cmH2O)
0 -
200 -
0 -
0 -
0 -
+ 5000 -
- 5000 -
0 -
20 -
200 -
200 -
Correction Arrhythmia
SO (ml/min)
dp/dt (+/-) (mmHg/sec)
LVP (mmHg)
AP (mmHg)
Cardiac standstill
LAP (cmH2O)
0 -
200 -
0 -
0 -
0 -
+ 5000 -
- 5000 -
0 -
20 -
200 -
200 -
Control
Treatment with NE
Peak failure
Ouabain correction of failure
Ouabain toxicity 1
Ouabain toxicity 2
Ouabain Toxicity 3
Ouabain toxicity 4
Ouabain toxicity 5
Ouabain toxicity 6
Ouabain Toxicity 7
SO dp/dt+ dp/dt- LVP LVEDP MAP HR LAP Syst time Diast time Time to Time to peak