1 Digital Library Dr. H.S. Chopra PhD. (History); PhD.(Library and Inf. Science) Head, Bhai Gurdas Library, Guru Nanak Dev University,Amritsar [email protected].

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Digital Library

Dr. H.S. ChopraPhD. (History); PhD.(Library and Inf. Science)

Head, Bhai Gurdas Library,Guru Nanak Dev University,Amritsar

[email protected]

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Within a decade ICT has changed the life style

Life Style

e_Jobs

e_Shopping

e_Banking

BPO Call Centres

e_Learning

New Industry

Education

Internet

WiFi-OFC System

Mobile Networking

•Rapid increase of Engineering Colleges

•3.50 lakh Computer Professionals per year

•Fast Development of Software Technology

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Various terms used for Digital Library such as

• Electronic Library

• Desktop Library

• Paperless Library

• Cyber Library

• Library without walls

• Virtual Library

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Digital Library an organization that provides resources including

specialized staff, to select, structure, offer intellectual access

to interpret, distribute and preserve

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• UNESCO ‘ Information for all’

• To provide information in an electronic digitized form

• Every information on conceivable subject

• Digital library will have e-books, e-journals, , multimedia, databases etc.

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Projects in various countries

• JISC : Joint Information System Committee (United Kingdom)

• E-Lib : United Kingdom• DSTC: Distributed Systems Technology

(Australia)• CIDL : Canadian Initiative in Digital Libraries• Research Projects in U.S.A. are in an advanced

stage

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During the last decade the term digital library became popular

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Systems in Digital Library

Acquisition Orders through email; price proof, attachments, photos

Cataloguing Computerized cataloguing helps easy and flexible databases

OPAC Database of books, journals, MSS, Rare books on Net.

Circulation Control Fully Computerised circulation bar-coding, smart card system

Serials Control E-journals, Printed Journalism Acquisition, Missing issue reminders

Management Information Information relating to different sections

Inter Library Loan DELNET. Articles through e-mail, CD/DVD facility

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Softwares• CDS/ISIS• Libsys• Granthalya• Gynodaya• Soul• Greenstone• Dspace• OAIS• Libra 2000• Autolib• Library Manager

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• Information Retrieval Application has been made to e-journals.

• Certain agencies have prepared databases of free e-journals for subscription to Universities and other Institutions.

• Databases which are not available on Internet can be procured in CD form

• Fast development in information technology

• Internet : An open source of Information

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INFLIBNET

• UGC, Ahemadabad (HQ)

• Database, Union Catalogue, Document Delivery System, Theses database, Expert’s database, Books database, Serial’s holding database, Current serials database, Remote Access services, Bibliographic standards, Annual Conference: Caliber, online journals

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INFLIBNET RECORDS

1. Books 79,98,450

2. Theses 2,20,206

3. Current Serials 13,881

4. Serials Holdings 50,164

5. Subject Experts 15,800

6. NISSAT Experts 24,000

7. Research Projects 10,000

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Recommendation is for

• XML : Extensible Markup Language

• OAI : Open Archives Initiatives

• NCIP : NISO Circulation Interchange Protocol - Z39.83

• MARC : Machine Readable Catalogue

• Z39.50: Standards

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Future Vision

• Information Producers

• Changing Market Places

• Changing Information Society

e-learning

tele-learning

tele-conferencing

video-conferencing

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Information Society

• India 64.58 % Vs USA 100%: Literacy Rate

• Information industry centered in U.S.A.

• After Automobile Industry : Information Industry is on Number two.

• Majority of Abstracts, Indexes, Research Books, Printed Journals and e_journals are from U.S.A

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Information Rich and Information Poor

2005 : World Development Indicators :

USA : Research Articles - 200870

India : Research Articles - 11076

• Global Economy

• World a global village

• Changing avenues for employment

• New jobs new fields

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• Intellectual Property Rights

• Copyright Issues

• Different Copyright in different country

• India : 50 years after the death of writer

• Data Protection and Security

• Standards

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Digital Divide

• World Scene• Some are advanced countries• ‘Information for Sale’ is their motto• 50% working people are in ‘Information Field’ in

U.S.A..• Most of the research journals, databases,

abstracts, indexes, books, e-books, e-journals are from U.S.A.

• Developing countries and poor countries: clients

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Gross National Income Divide

• India 460 $ Rank 162

• U.S.A 34280 $ Rank 7

• Japan 35610 $ Rank 5

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Research Articles: Science & Technology

(1999-2000)

India 9217 13

U.S.A. 1,63,526 1

Japan 47,826 2

(2000-2001)

India 11076 11

U.S.A. 200870 1

Japan 57420 2

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Explosion of Population:

India 1032 million

U.S.A. 285 million

Japan 127 million

Population below poverty Line:

India 28.6%

U.S.A. Nil

Japan Nil

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Daily news paper per thousand

Radios

Per

Thousand

Television Per Thousand

Cable

Per

Thousand

Computer Per Thousand

India 60 120 83 38.9 5.8

U.S.A. 213 2117 835 256.8 625

Japan 578 966 731 147.4 348.8

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Research Publications

• Global view• Declining global share of developed countries• Rising global share of developing countries.• India is on number 12 with 2.04% contribution• Russia, Spain and Australia are with 2% only• USA leads with 25.39• Followed by U.K. (7.13);Japan (7.12), Germany

(6.36); China (5.61) and France (4.58); Canada (3.43)

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Population wise rural villages

1. Population up to 1000 = 3,90,093

2. Population from 1000 to 1999 = 1,14,395

3. Population from 2000 to 4999 = 62,915

4. Population from 5000 to 9999 = 10,597

5. Population more than 10,000 = 2799

Total 5,80,779

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E-Journals

• Till 1990’s publishers of Scientific Journals, hesitated about on-line publishing

• Now all the major publishers of Scientific Journals have opted electronic publishing

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E-Books

Ist Generation of e-books:

• e_book was a product of Alan Kay in 1968 AD.

• It took 20 years to see this in practical form.

• In 1991 Electronic Dictionary

Electronic Bible

• Compton’s Concise Encyclopedia

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Advantages

• 24 hours availability • Supportive for distance education• Multiple Users• Downloading Facility• No Theft• No Loss or Misplacement• No Out of Print• No Space Problem

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• Potential obsolescence• If no renewal what will be the fate of readers ?• Failure of System• Downfall of Internet or change in technology• Regular increase of prices unaffordable• Developing Countries incapable to subscribe

ebooks

Disadvantages

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E-learning

• Indian Institute of Science and Carneigie Mellon University are looking after Digital Library in India

• 20% ancient Literature of the world is in India

• 35% Population is illiterate• ODES (Open and Distance Education

System) is gaining roots in India.

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E-learning will be useful in India

• Village Population - 5,93 Lakh Villages (72%)

• Literacy Rate - 65.38%

• SC+ST - 16.20+8.20 = 24.40%

Useful for hilly people, armed forces, housewives, handicapped people and employee

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Role of National Mission of Manuscripts

• About 5 Million Manuscripts• Survey is on through State Governments• Digitization Project• Seminars, Lectures on Preservation, Conservation

and Restoration.• Database• Problems: (i) Possessiveness (ii) Faith

(iii) Controversial topics• Role of Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar

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British Library

• ‘Beowulf’ an epic poem relating to 11th century heroic adventures of a Scandinavian warrior.

• Harm in a fire at British Museum as it was donated to British Museum.

• Now only historical transcripts can be seen• Electronic Beowulf Project• ‘Dead Sea Scrolls’ Parchment Scrolls in Israel.• Special Camera was used to see the world written

on it.

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Web Services : Standards SGML : Standard General Markup LanguageXML : Extensible Markup LanguageMetadata: The key to locating, using and

preserving digital content is metadataStructural Metadata : Like a BookAdministrative Metadata: helps access,

management and preservation

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Copyright

• Mark Twain writes , “Only one thing is impossible for God : to find any sense in my copyright law on the planet”

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“ Copyright is a property right which arises automatically on the creation of various categories of work, and protects the rights and interest of the creators of literary, dramatic, musical, and artistic works, sound recordings, films, broadcasts, and cable programs ”

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• In India copyright was passed in 1914

• Act of 1957 became applicable on January 21,1958

Trademarks Act- 1999 Semi Conductor Integrated

circuits layout Design Act 2000

Geographical Design Act, 2000

Indication of goods

Protection of Plant

Varietis of Farmer’s right Act, 2001 Patent Act 1970

Copyright Act1957

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• GATT: General Agreement on Tariff and Trade• TRIPS : Trade Related Aspect of Intellectual

Property Right

Electronic documents : Security• Water marking• Dongles• Machine specific software• Off line metering • On line metering

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• Origin of copyright dates back to the origin of printing press.

• Copyright started with Berne Convention of 1886.

• Later on UNESCO followed the same in 1952.

• Copyright act in India in 1914.

• Copyright act of 1957: applicable on January 21,1958.

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Cyber Laws

• Information Technology Act, 2000

• 2 Years imprisonment

• 1 Lac fine

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Is digital Library a horseless carriage ?

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Future of Digital Library

Will the Library be a ‘Virtual’ One’ ?

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Technological Advancement

• Within 20 years 32 times more advancement• Equal to human intelligence• It will lack creative imagination and thinking• AAAS: Kurlweiz• American Association for the Advancement of

Science• Floppy CD CDROMDVD Pen Drive• Futurologists Predict

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Thanks