1. Diagnostic Questions Answer the following questions on a sheet of paper.

1. Diagnostic QuestionsAnswer the following questions on a

sheet of paper.

Pages 2-14

# 9, 13, 17

Diagnostic Question - Answers

9. D

* Density = mass / volume

* 1000 milliliters = 1 liter

13. D

* Rotting apples is a chemical change

17. C

* Gasses are less soluble at higher temperatures. This is why soda gets “flat” when it warms up. Therefore, increasing the temperature would remove the carbon dioxide.

Today’s Agenda

Diagnostic Questions Review of Topics

SI & Metric SystemMixturesProperties of Matter (Density)States of Matter (Temperature)Atomic Structure

Moving Questions Practice Test Questions

GEE Test Format

Session 1: 40 multiple-choice items Session 2: 4 short-answer items Session 3: 1 comprehensive science task

• Includes:

• 3 short-answer items

• 1 extended constructed-response item

8

14

14

14

8

Physical Science

Science & theEnvironment

Earth & SpaceScience

Life Science (Biology)

Science as Inquiry

GEE Science Test Strands

SI (Systeme International) – Metric Sys.

Known and used by scientists all over the world

Uses base-10 (makes conversions and calculations easier)

BASE SI UNITS• Length: meters (m)

• Time: seconds (s)

• Mass: grams (g)

• Volume: liters (l)

• Temperature: Kelvin (K)

SI UNITS

SI UNIT PREFIXES

Base milli micro nanogiga kilomega

M kG m μ n

hecto (h)

deka (da)

deci (d)

centi (c)

SI UNIT PREFIXES

Base milli micro nanogiga kilomega

M kG m μ n

hecto (h)

deka (da)

deci (d)

centi (c)

If you have 1.50 meters, how many cm do you have?

If you have 4.2 grams, how many kilograms do you have?

150cm

0.0042g

Reading a meniscus

Temperature Conversions

K = Kelvin

C = Celsius

F = Fahrenheit

Properties of

Matter

MASSthe amount of

matter in an object

WEIGHTthe force of

gravity on an object

Weight vs. Mass•Weight

• Mass

Depends on gravity (changes depending on where you are)

Stays the same EVERYWHERE!!!

DENSITY• Mass

• Volume

A measure of the amount of matter in an object

The amount of space an object occupies

mD

Vmass

densityvolume

??????• Which is more dense:

–A brick or styrofoam?

–A feather or air?

–A 2x4 or water?

–Ice or water?

–Steel or water?

Density.Floating.On.Sulfur.Hexafluoride.flv

Floating.Cannonball.in.Mercury.flv

Jay.Leno.Sulfur.Hexafluoride.flv

3 Phases

of Matter

3 Phases of Matter Solid Liquid Gas(Plasma would be a 4th)

SOLIDS• Atoms and/or molecules are tightly

packed and strongly bonded• Have definite shape• Have high density• Expand slightly when heated• Almost incompressible

LIQUIDS• Atoms and/or molecules are tightly packed BUT bonds are stretched or broken• Have definite volume, but take

the shape of their container• Has ability to flow• Expand slightly when heated• Almost incompressible

GASES• Atoms and/or molecules are

NOT bonded• Has NO definite shape• Expand without limit to fill any space• Low density• Very compressible

Elements, Compounds, Mixtures

Element – one of the over 100 elements on the Periodic Table, exist as individual atoms

Compound – a chemical combination of two or more elements• Compounds have new and different properties

from elements that make them up.

Mixture – two or more substances mixed but not chemically combined

Mixtures

Types of Mixtures:

• Homogeneous• Heterogeneous

Separating Mixtures

Filtration• E.g. how you separate coffee grounds from

coffee (a filter)

Distillation• Boiling one substance (and capturing the gas)

while leaving another behind

Chromatography• Phase transfer from a mobile mixture to a

stationary phase

Moving Question

• An astronaut’s mass is 60 kg on earth. If the astronaut traveled to the moon and stood on the moon, his mass would be…

A. 600 kg

B. 60 kg

C. 10 kg

D. 0 kg

Moving Question

• The kinetic energy is greatest in which of the states of matter?

A. Solid

B. Liquid

C. Gas

Moving Question

• Gertrude cut two bars of different types of soap into four pieces each. She put one piece from each bar into each of four beakers. Which beaker contains the most dense liquid?

A B C D

Moving Question

• Which of the images represents a mixture?

Moving Question

• An astronaut’s weight is 600 Newtons on earth. If the astronaut traveled to the moon and stood on the moon, his weight would be…

A. 6000 N

B. 600 N

C. 100 N

D. 0 N

Moving Question

• Which state of matter expands and contracts depending on the size of its container?

A. Solid

B. Liquid

C. Gas

Moving Question

• Which of the images represents an element?

END OF DAY 1

2. Diagnostic QuestionsAnswer the following questions on a

sheet of paper.

Don’t write in the books

pages 7-13# 1, 11, 15, 19,

21, 25, 29

Practice & AssessWorkbook

Diagnostic Answers

1. B - Electrons

11. D – liquids are free to move…

15. B – aerobic respiration

19. B – increase rate of chem rxn

21. D – valence electrons

25. D – 5 (the nucleus)

29. C – ionic compound

Today’s Agenda

Diagnostic Questions Topic Review

Atomic Structure Periodic Table Types of Matter Chemical Reactions

Moving Questions

Atomic Structur

e

Two major parts of an atom

Nucleus (not to scale)

Electron Cloud

Three Major Sub-Atomic Particles

• Protons• Neutrons• Electrons

THE PROTON

p+

• Fat (heavy)

• Positive (charge)

• Doesn’t move (lazy)

THE NEUTRON

N°

• Fat (heavy)

• Neutral (charge)

• Doesn’t move (lazy)

THE ELECTRON• Skinny (very light)

• Negative (charge)

• Moves a lot (runs around)

e-

Review: Subatomic Particles

e-

N°

p+

Electron in the outer most energy level

VALENCE ELECTRON

It is the valence electrons that are

involved in chemical reactions

Noble Gases have 8 valence electrons. All the elements want to be like a

Noble Gas

the number of protons in an atom

ATOMIC NUMBER

Example: Sodium

Na11

22.99

Atomic # = # of protons

Atomic Mass # = p+ & N°

Ex: How many neutrons does Sodium have?

Mass # - Atomic # = #N°(You may need to round the atomic #)

23 - 11 = 12 N°Na11

22.99

Atoms of same element with different numbers

of neutrons

ISOTOPES

Atom with a charge.

ION

If an atom GAINS electrons, its overall charge

becomes more negative.If it LOSES electrons, its

charge becomes more positive

Positive Ions(cations)

Negative Ions(anions)

• Na+ (lost 1 e-)

• Ca2+ (lost 2 e-)

• Al3+ (lost 3 e-)

• Pb4+ (lost 4 e-)

• H+ (lost 1 e-)

• Cl- (gain 1 e-)

• O2- (gain 2 e-)

• P3- (gain 3 e-)

• S2- (gain 2 e-)

• OH- (gain 1 e-)

Elements, Compound

s, &

Mixtures

Elements are the simplest form of

matter. They can’t be broken down

anymore. They are the building blocks

of all matter!

If its on the PT, its an Element!

Types of Elements

Metals Non-Metals Metalloids

COMPOUNDchemical combinations of 2 or more elements

Compounds have different properties

from the elements that make them up.

IONIC COMPOUNDmade up of positive and negative ions (charged atoms)

IONIC COMPOUND

example:Na+1 + Cl-1 NaCl

COVALENT COMPOUNDatoms share electrons

COVALENT COMPOUND

Many covalent compounds involve carbon, hydrogen,

and oxygen

MIXTUREcontains 2 or more

materials (not chemically bonded

together) that can be physically separated

mixture made up of TWO OR MORE distinct phases with different properties (not uniform throughout)

Heterogeneous Mixture

got an example?milk is a heterogeneous mixture

because you can see the

liquid and fat parts of milk

(2 phases)

Homogeneous Mixture

mixture made up of ONLY 1 phase

(uniform throughout)

Examples of Homogeneous Mixtures

Also:Salt Water, Sugar Water and

most clean air

One or more substances are

changed into NEW substances

Chemical Change

Evidence of Chemical RXNs

• Δ in temperature• Δ in color• Δ in odor• Production of gas• Production of solid

General Formula for Reactions

Reactants ProductsNa + Cl ‘yields’ NaCl

Moving Question

• Which of the images represents an element?

Moving Question• Which of the following could NOT be the

element sodium (Na)?A. an ion with 10 electrons, 11 protons,

and 11 neutronsB. an atom with 11 electrons, 11 protons,

and 11 neutronsC. an atom with 11 electrons, 11 protons,

and 12 neutronsD. an ion with 11 electons, 12 protons,

and 11 neutrons.

Moving Question• Which quality of carbon makes it

important within organic molecules?A. Carbon bonds with other carbon atoms

to form long, durable chains.B. Carbon is found only in nonpolar

molecules.C. Carbon does not react easily with other

elements.D. Carbon acts as a pH buffer in solutions.

Moving Question

• Which type of bond is illustrated in the diagram above?

A. Ionic

B. Covalent

C. Metallic

Moving Question

• Which of thefollowingstatementsis correct?

A. Atoms W and X are isotopes.B. Atoms X and Y are the same element.C. Atom Z is an ion.D. Atoms X and Z have identical mass

Atom Protons Electrons Neutrons

W 15 16 18

X 14 16 18

Y 14 15 15

Z 15 15 16

Moving Question

• Compounds are formed when atoms transfer or share outer electrons. Which of these pairs of atoms would probably NOT transfer or share electrons?

A. Helium (He) and Krypton (Kr)B. Magnesium (Mg) and Chlorine (Cl)C. Copper (Cu) and Oxygen (O)D. Sodium (Na) and Fluorine (F)

Moving Question

• Which elementhas chemicalpropertiessimilar toelement X?

A X

B

C D

Moving Question

• Which of the following would NOT speed up a chemical reaction?

A. Adding more of a reactant

B. Adding a catalyst

C. Raising the temperature

D. Removing a reactant

Moving Question• When water falls onto

a smooth surface, the water forms drops rather than spreading evenly over the surface. This occurs because of strong forces of

A. electrical attraction between the water molecules.

B. gravitational attraction between the water molecules.

C. nuclear repulsion between the water molecules and the surface molecules.

D. magnetic repulsion between the water molecules and the surface molecules.

Moving Question

• Which atom will gain only one electron during a chemical reaction?

A B C D

Moving Question

• An astronaut’s mass is 60 kg on earth. If the astronaut traveled to the moon and stood on the moon, his mass would be…

A. 600 kg

B. 60 kg

C. 10 kg

D. 0 kg

Moving Question

• An astronaut’s weight is 600 Newtons on earth. If the astronaut traveled to the moon and stood on the moon, his weight would be…

A. 6000 N

B. 600 N

C. 100 N

D. 0 N

Moving Question

• End Day 2

3. Diagnostic QuestionsSilently answer the following

questions on a sheet of paper.

Pages 2-14

# 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 14, 33

Diagnostic Question - Answers

1. C 2. B 3. D 6. A12. D14. A33. A

Today’s Agenda

Diagnostic Questions Review of Topics

Motion: Speed, Velocity, AccelerationGraphing motionForces & Newton’s LawsEnergy & MomentumWork & Power

Moving Questions Practice Test Questions

GEE Test Format

Session 1: 40 multiple-choice items Session 2: 4 short-answer items Session 3: 1 comprehensive science task

• Includes:

• 3 short-answer items

• 1 extended constructed-response item

Speed & Velocity

Speed is distance over time

Velocity is speed in a particular direction

distanceSpeed =

time

Speed ExampleSpeed ExampleIf a plane flies at 250 mph, how far could it fly in 4 hours?t = 4 hv = 250 mi/h t

dv

ExampleThe moon orbits the earth and travels a distance of 10,600 km every 650 hours. What is the moon’s speed?

Acceleration:Acceleration is the change in velocity over time.

+ (positive) speed is increasing

– (negative) speed is decreasing (deceleration)

KPH

KPH

Displacement of a Race Car Over Time

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0 5 10 15 20 25 30Time (s)

Dis

pla

cem

ent (

m)

A

C

B

D E

F

G

Next…FORCE – push or pull

• Examples: gravity, friction, air resistance (drag), support forces, thrust, lift, applied forces, electromagnetic forces, spring forces

FORCES

ForcesHave a:

• magnitude (number quantity)

• direction

Force DiagramsA small airplane flies through the air. Its weight is 1,000 N, but its wings have a lift of 1,000 N. The engines provide a thrust of 200 N, and there is 200 N of drag.

Newton’s Laws

the fundamental laws describing the motion of objects

Isaac Newton

NEWTON’S FIRST LAW

Newton’s 1st LawThe Law of INERTIA• Objects in motion tend to stay in motion

• Objects at rest tend to stay at rest

INERTIA

the tendency of an object to resist

changes in velocity

more mass =

more inertia

Objects at rest tend to stay at rest, objects in motion tend to stay in motion, unless acted on by an unbalanced force

NEWTON’S SECOND

LAW

Newton’s 2nd LawAcceleration increases when force increases

Acceleration decreases when mass increases

net forceacceleration =

mass

¡REMINDER!

Mass kgAcceleration m/s2

Force N

Newton’s 2nd LawBigger force more acceleration

Bigger mass less acceleration

Example:A car engine applies a net force of 4,000 N to the car. The mass of the car is 1,000 kg. What is the car’s acceleration?

Read:

Pages 20-23

Practice & AssessWorkbook

Graphs

7. Practice QuestionsAnswer the following questions on a

sheet of paper.

Do not write in the books

pages 24-27# 6, 7, 10-13,

17, 22

Practice & AssessWorkbook

Answers

6. C

7. B

10. C

11. B

12. D

13. B

17. B

22. C

Newton’s First Law

Newton’s Second Law

net forceacceleration =

mass

NET FORCESthe total of all

forces acting on an object

BALANCED AND UNBALANCED

FORCES

BALANCED FORCES(net force = 0)

UNBALANCED FORCES(net force ≠ 0)

Practice Finding the Net Force

Practice Finding the Net Force

Practice Finding the Net Force

Practice Finding the Net Force

NEWTON’S THIRDLAW

Newton’s Third Law

For every action force, there is an equal and

opposite reaction force

Are these examples of Newton’s 3rd Law?

•A fish swimming through the water•A bird flying through the air•A car moving forward

8. Diagnostic QuestionsSilently answer the following

questions on a sheet of paper.

Pages 2-14

# 7-8, 10-11, 15-16, 18

Answers

7. D

8. C

10. C

11. B

15. D

16. C

18. D

Transfer of energy Transfer of energy through motionthrough motion

WorkWork

= Force = Force ×× distance distance

Units = NUnits = N··m m = Joule (J)= Joule (J)

WorkWork

To do work…

something has to move

IMPORTANTIMPORTANT

AND…

Motion must be in the same direction

as force

IMPORTANTIMPORTANT

WORK or NOT WORK?

Opening a door

Pushing on a wall

Driving a car

Taking notes

Work = Force × distance

Jim lifts a box 2 m with a force of 20 N.

How much work?

Joy lifts a box 1 m with a force of 40 N.

How much work?

The rate at which The rate at which work is donework is done

PowerPower

Units = (NUnits = (N••m)/s = J/s m)/s = J/s = Watt (W)= Watt (W)

t

dF

t

WP

PowerPower

Jim moved a box a distance of 3 m with a

force of 2 N in 3 s. Jane moved the same box the same distance in 2 s. Find the power.

The ability of an The ability of an object to do workobject to do work

EnergyEnergy

Types of EnergyTypes of Energy• Renewable

– Canproducemore energyin a shortperiod oftime

Types of EnergyTypes of Energy• Non-Renewable– once used,will requirethousandsof years toproduce more

Types of EnergyTypes of Energy• Mechanical

– Involves forces & motion of objects• Kinetic

• Potential

More Types of EnergyMore Types of Energy• Solar/light energy

– involves electromagnetic rays from the sun (or another light source)

More Types of EnergyMore Types of Energy• Chemical energy

– stored in the bonds of molecules

– Includes fossil fuels, food, explosives, baking soda, and a match.

More Types of EnergyMore Types of Energy• Electrical energy

– the movement of electrons– includes lightning, static electricity

– Batteries, generators and turbines produce electrical energy

More Types of EnergyMore Types of Energy• Nuclear energy

– energy stored in the nucleus of an atom. Can give off energy in the form of light or heat.

– Submarines, power plants, and smoke detectors all use nuclear energy.

More Types of EnergyMore Types of Energy• Thermal energy

– involves heat

More Types of EnergyMore Types of Energy• Sound energy

• Electromagnetic energy

• Magnetic energy

• Others…

Conservation of EnergyConservation of Energy• Energy can be neither created or destroyed–Total energy does not change

• Energy CAN change forms (e.g. from potential to kinetic)

Example: Example: Conservation of EnergyConservation of Energy

KE = 0PE = 1000 J

Total E = 1000 J

Example: Example: Conservation of EnergyConservation of Energy

KE = 0 JPE = 1000 J

Total E = 1000 J

KE = _______PE = 0 J

Total E = _____

Example: Example: Conservation of EnergyConservation of Energy

KE = 0PE = 1000 J

Total E = 1000 J

KE = 1000 JPE = 0 J

Total E = 1000 J

KE = 600 JPE = _____

Total E = _____

Example: Example: Conservation of EnergyConservation of Energy

KE = 0PE = 1000 J

Total E = 1000 J

KE = 1000 JPE = 0 J

Total E = 1000 J

KE = 600 JPE = 400 J

Total E = 1000 J

KE = ______PE = 800 J

Total E = _____

Example: Example: Conservation of EnergyConservation of Energy

KE = 0PE = 1000 J

Total E = 1000 J

KE = 1000 JPE = 0 J

Total E = 1000 J

KE = 600 JPE = 400 J

Total E = 1000 J

KE = 200 JPE = 800 J

Total E = 1000 J

ExampleExample• A 250-kg roller coaster starts from rest at the top of a hill. When it reaches the bottom, it goes 50 m/s. How high is the hill?

Electromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic Spectrum

Electromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic Spectrum

Gamma rays

Practice Science TaskAnswer the following questions in the

workbook

Pages 17-20

If you finish early, practice working on

some other questions

LEAP 21 Preparation

and Practice

Workbook

100 m7.52 m/s

13.3 s

dv

t

7.52

100 m 100 m7.04 m/s

27.5 s 13.3 s 14.2 s

dv

t

7.527.04

100 m 100 m6.71 m/s

42.4 s 27.5 s 14.9 s

dv

t

7.527.046.71

100 m 100 m6.37 m/s

58.1 s 42.4 s 15.7 s

dv

t

7.527.046.716.37

400 m6.88 m/s

58.1 s

dv

t

7.527.046.716.376.88

7.527.046.716.376.88

6.857.757.417.527.37

7.527.046.716.376.88

6.857.757.417.527.37

7.527.046.716.376.88

6.857.757.417.527.37