1 Descriptions of Function - EPRIsmartgrid.epri.com/UseCases/Fault Response Island Operation V1.2.… · 1 Descriptions of Function ... might be a viable solution for isolating some

Fault Response Island Operation V1.2.doc 1 January 14, 2010 Printed 6/16/2011

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1 Descriptions of Function This function describes the sequence of activities required for fault isolation and provides for the creation of islands behind the fault on isolated sections of the distribution feeder fed by local generation.

1.1 Function Name Distributed Energy Resource Controller Reconfigure Systems in Response to Faulted Segment with Islanding

1.2 Function ID IECSA identification number of the function

1.3 Brief Description This function describes the sequence of activities required for handling a fault condition on a distribution feeder. This particular scenario provides not only fault isolation, but provides for the creation of islands behind the fault on isolated sections of the distribution feeder fed by local generation. While this scenario holds many points in common, it differs from the existing EPRI use case “Controlled Islanding” in that it specifically addresses islands created below the substation.

1.4 Narrative The presence of generation and storage units in the distribution grid create the possibility of islands. While most of the effort to date has been in mechanisms to suppress the creation of islands, an ideal solution would encourage viable islands in fault conditions, thus enhancing system availability for the greatest possible number of customers. There are considerable technical hurdles to this however. The smaller the island, the harder it is to maintain a perfect match between generation and load. Further, the weaker the system, the more difficult it is to keep voltage and frequency in an acceptable range. While these problems make the maintenance of an island over a long period of time increasingly difficult , they might be a viable solution for isolating some segment of customers from momentary interruptions and other outages that last between minutes and


hours. This approach introduces other issues that must be addressed as well. Left to its own devices, it is inevitable that the islanded system will drift out of phase with the primary electrical power system. This will require switching equipment that can detect the out of phase condition and prevent accidentally closing into it. It will also require a mechanism bring the two systems close enough together to reduce the phase angle difference to a point where closing the switch will not create a hazardous situation or provide undue stress to connected equipment.

As detailed by this use case, the first step in creating a viable island is identifying it. This will require an approach similar to the Remedial Action Schemes used by transmission systems. The primary difference is that due to the dynamic nature of the problem coupled with the number of possible combinations, this process must be a continuous one done in real time.

The system will have to evaluate both controlled and uncontrolled segments, as the potential island could result from both controlled and uncontrolled (autonomous) switching operations (i.e. fuse). There are currently systems available that can manage the creation of small islands within a larger distribution networks. Typically deployed on small isolated power systems (like remote refineries), they depend on a combination of direct load control of large motors in conjunction with switching operations to match the load to the available generation. In a modern distribution system a similar approach can be taken. The presence of an Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) system allows additional opportunities. First, the connect/disconnect switch can be used to drop the load on a network segment. This allows finer control that simply dropping an entire segment. Second, the load break device in many AMI meters can act as a programmable circuit breaker. This allows the Distributed Energy Resource Controller (DERC) to send commands limiting the load for each meter. It is expected that the AMI meter would in turn communicate this limit to the in home thermostat, or even home automation controls. This load limiting would help improve the stability of the network by limiting the total load to a level that provided some margin in the system. In addition, the DERC would reconfigure the DES units to support system stability. In the event the outage on the primary electrical system persists, the DERC would continue to evaluate the situation and continue to take necessary action. Generally, this would entail further reducing the island, but could entail activating additional segments in the event that the system was approaching an off peak period.

1.5 Actor (Stakeholder) Roles Describe all the people (their job), systems, databases, organizations, and devices involved in or affected by the Function (e.g. operators, system administrators, technicians, end users, service personnel, executives, SCADA system, real-time database, RTO, RTU, IED, power system). Typically, these actors are logically grouped by organization or functional boundaries or just for collaboration purpose of this use case. We need to identify these groupings and their relevant roles and understand the constituency. The same actor could play different roles in different Functions, but only one role in one Function. If the same actor (e.g. the same person) does play multiple roles in one Function, list these different actor-roles as separate rows.


Grouping (Community) , Group Description

DER Actors Actors used in the DER Use Case

Actor Name Actor Type (person, device, system etc.)

Actor Description

AMI Interface Device Interface between AMI system and other field systems. The assumption is that the AMI interface would not require communications to travel all the way to the AMI Head end system and back to the field. Ideally, the AMI interface allows peer to peer communications to AMI network devices in the field with distribution automation devices and systems also physically located in the field.

Distributed Energy Resource Controller (DERC)

System System located in the substation that coordinates Distributed Energy Resources. Monitors operations schedules, status and controls operation of DER Device equipment.

Distribution Management System

System Provides real-time data to the system demand modeler and control room operator

Electrical Power System (EPS)

System All of the equipment required to deliver quality electrical power to the end user at utilization voltage

Fault Identification, Location, Isolation and Service Restoration Application (FILISR)

System System that uses automation to aid and increase speed of recovery of fault events. Involved during entire fault process from identification to system restoration

Load-shedding Device (AMI Unit)

Device Sheds load to balance the load-generation within an area before islanding , generally a component of the AMI system

OMS System Operations Management System Protection System

System Collection of IEDs and or Bay controllers responsible for the coordination and execution of actuators and other devices primarily dedicated to protection

SCADA System System System that monitors load control as well as providing forecast and real-time distribution information to the system demand modeler and control room operator

Substation Device Electrical Actuators , control systems and protection equipment involved in the bulk





Actor Description

transformation of power from transmission voltages to subtransmission or distribution voltages

WOMS System Work Order Management System. Used to schedule work for Operations including scheduled outages.

Bay Controller Device An Intelligent Electronic Device that coordinates or controls one or more subordinate IEDs

DERC Remedial Action Scheme Function (DERC RAS)

System Component of the DERC that is responsible for identifying and validating viable alternative network configurations based on likely contingencies.

DER Device Device Equipment controlled by DERC. Could include generation and load devices. Device can be Storage, Wind, Solar.

IED Device Intelligent Electronic Device. CPU and supporting subsystems that receives sensor data from one or more sensors and uses that data to coordinate and control one or more actuators (i.e. breaker, LTC, capacitor bank etc)

DERC Power Flow Monitoring Component

System Component of the DERC that monitors power flow on the associated line segments.

DERC Availability Monitor

System Component of the DERC that monitors the availability of the Substation Equipment and DER Devices on the associated system.

DERC Network Configuration Component

System Component of the DERC that predicts equipment scenarios that will fulfill the requirements from the scenarios developed from the other DERC Components

AMI Subsystem System Subsystem of the AMI Network

AMI Endpoints Device AMI Meters or endpoints on the distribution system





Actor Description

Replicate this table for each logic group.

1.6 Information exchanged Describe any information exchanged in this template.

Information Object Name Information Object Description

Power Flow of Line Segments Power flow of the associated line segments that are being monitored from the DERC

Calculations of Balanced Segment/Segmentation Scenarios

Calculations of Balanced Segment/Segmentation Scenarios

Calculations of Balanced Segments from load shedding/current limiting Scenarios

Calculations of Balanced Segments from load shedding/current limiting scenarios

Scenario Ratings according to SAIDI, SAIFI and critical loads


Emergency Substation Equipment Commands for Scenarios

Emergency Substation Equipment Commands to complete the requirements for the given scenario.

Additional System Components for Balanced Operation for scenario

Additional system components (Substation Equipment, Bay Controllers, IEDs, etc.) for balanced operation for the scenario

Appropriate Profiles Appropriate Profiles for the Bay Controllers and IEDs

Fault Detection Detection of a fault on the electric power system

DERC RAS Islanding Scenario Orders

Altered protection settings appropriate to island operation, as well as adjusted ranges appropriate to island operation



Transfer Trip Signal for DER Devices Transfer Trip Signal for to open up the DER Devices

Emergency Load Shed/Current Limiting Orders

Emergency Load Shed/Current Limiting Orders for the AMI Endpoints to help relieve some of the stress off the electrical power system

Optimized DER Device Generation Schedule

Generation profiles for a select group of DER Device Generation Units on a section of the EPS.

Optimal Voltage Regulation Profiles Voltage profiles for a section of the EPS.

Optimal System Protection Setting Profiles

Protection Settings for the Protection System on a section of the EPS.

Optimized Charge/Discharge Commands/Schedule for DER Storage Units

Charge/discharge profiles for a select group of DER Device Storage Units on a section of the EPS.

Optimized DER Device Generation Commands/Schedule

Generation profiles for a select group of DER Device Generation Units on a section of the EPS.

Optimal Voltage Regulation Profiles Voltage profiles for the DER Device Storage Units for a section of the EPS.


Protection Settings for the Protection System on a section of the EPS.

Scheduling of maintenance work order

Scheduling of maintenance work orders

Maintenance Order Affected Segment and timeframe




Load Shed/Current Limiting Orders Load Shed/Current Limiting Orders for the AMI Endpoints to help relieve some of the stress off the electrical power system

Ready for island operation The system is ready for island operation

Substation Equipment Commands Substation Equipment Commands to operate a device.



1.7 Activities/Services Describe or list the activities and services involved in this Function (in the context of this Function). An activity or service can be provided by a computer system, a set of applications, or manual procedures. These activities/services should be described at an appropriate level, with the understanding that sub-activities and services should be described if they are important for operational issues, automation needs, and implementation reasons. Other sub-activities/services could be left for later analysis.

Activity/Service Name Activities/Services Provided

1.8 Contracts/Regulations Identify any overall (human-initiated) contracts, regulations, policies, financial considerations, engineering constraints, pollution constraints, and other environmental quality issues that affect the design and requirements of the Function.

Contract/Regulation Impact of Contract/Regulation on Function

Policy

From Actor

May Shall Not

Shall Description (verb) To Actor


Constraint Type Description Applies to

2 Step by Step Analysis of Function Describe steps that implement the function. If there is more than one set of steps that are relevant, make a copy of the following section grouping (Steps to implement function, Preconditions and Assumptions, Steps normal sequence, Post-conditions) and provide each copy with its own sequence name.

2.1 Steps to implement function – Name of Sequence Name of this sequence.

2.1.1 Preconditions and Assumptions Describe conditions that must exist prior to the initiation of the Function, such as prior state of the actors and activities

Identify any assumptions, such as what systems already exist, what contractual relations exist, and what configurations of systems are probably in place

Identify any initial states of information exchanged in the steps in the next section. For example, if a purchase order is exchanged in an activity, its precondition to the activity might be ‘filled in but unapproved’.

Actor/System/Information/Contract Preconditions or Assumptions

2.1.2 Steps – Name of Sequence Describe the normal sequence of events, focusing on steps that identify new types of information or new information exchanges or new interface issues to address. Should the sequence require detailed steps that are also used by other functions, consider creating a new “sub” function, then


referring to that “subroutine” in this function. Remember that the focus should be less on the algorithms of the applications and more on the interactions and information flows between “entities”, e.g. people, systems, applications, data bases, etc. There should be a direct link between the narrative and these steps.

# Event Primary Actor Name of Process/Activity

Description of Process/Activity

Information Producer

Information Receiver

Name of Info Exchanged Additional Notes IECSA

Environment

# Triggering event? Identify the name of the event.1

What other actors are primarily responsible for the Process/Activity? Actors are defined in section1.5.

Label that would appear in a process diagram. Use action verbs when naming activity.

Describe the actions that take place in active and present tense. The step should be a descriptive noun/verb phrase that portrays an outline summary of the step. “If …Then…Else” scenarios can be captured as multiple Actions or as separate steps.

What other actors are primarily responsible for Producing the information? Actors are defined in section1.5.

What other actors are primarily responsible for Receiving the information? Actors are defined in section1.5.

(Note – May leave blank if same as Primary Actor)

Name of the information object. Information objects are defined in section 1.6

Elaborate architectural issues using attached spreadsheet. Use this column to elaborate details that aren’t captured in the spreadsheet.

Reference the applicable IECSA Environment containing this data exchange. Only one environment per step.

1 Normal Operation


Monitors Power Flow

DERC Power Flow Monitoring Component monitors power flows of feeders within its scope

DERC Power Flow Monitor


Power Flow of Line Segments

2.1 DERC RAS Continuous Calculations of Balanced Segment/Segmentation Scenarios

DERC RAS continually calculates a series of instantaneous balanced scenarios based on possible segmentation schemes

DERC RAS DERC RAS Calculations of Balanced Segment/Segmentation Scenarios

Continuous monitoring of system and updating of contingent islanding operations

1 Note – A triggering event is not necessary if the completion of the prior step – leads to the transition of the following step.







Environment

2.2 DERC RAS Continuous Calculations of Balanced Segments from load shedding/current limiting Scenarios

DERC RAS continually calculates a series of achievable balanced scenarios with load shedding/current limiting based on possible segment schemes

DERC RAS DERC RAS Calculations of Balanced Segments from load shedding/current limiting Scenarios

Possible segmentation schemes are limited by the availability of phase angle matching switching gear

3 DERC Availability Monitor

Rates Scenarios according to SAIDI, SAIFI and critical loads

DERC Availability Monitor rates scenarios by SAIDI , SAIFI impacts, with consideration of critical loads




4.1 DERC Network Configuration Component

Determining breakers

DERC Network Configuration Component determines Substation Equipment which should be tripped in event of emergency to create balanced island areas





Additional System Components

DERC Network Configuration Component determines additional system operations that will need to be performed to balance island areas










Environment

5 Substation DERC

Create Profiles

Substation DERC Creates appropriate profiles for Bay Controllers and dependent IEDs as required and pushes them to affected Bay Controllers and dependent IEDs as required

Substation DERC

Bay Controllers and IEDs

Appropriate Profiles

Includes load shedding and AMI Current Limiting

6.1 Protection System

Fault Detected

Fault is detected is detected by the Protection System and Command Signals are sent to the Substation Equipment

Protection System

Substation Equipment

Fault Detection

6.2 FLISR FLISR Fault is detected and communicated to Substation DERC

FLISR Substation DERC

Fault Detection

6.2.1

Substation DERC

DERC RAS Islanding Scenario Accepted

Substation DERC determines the appropriate DERC RAS Islanding Scheme based on maximizing system indices with instantaneous trip (no delay for load shedding and pushes orders out

Substation DERC

Protection System









Environment

6.2.2

Protection System

Transfer Trip Protection System initiates transfer trip for DER devices on affected segments and delivers it to Substation DERC

Protection System

Substation DERC

Transfer Trip Signal for DER Devices

6.2.3

Substation DERC

Execute Protection Actions

Protection System effects protection scheme.

Substation DERC

DER Devices Transfer Trip Signal for DER Devices

7.1 DERC RAS Calculate appropriate Scheme

DERC RAS calculates appropriate scheme and generates Load Shed, current limit orders based on the loss of generation on faulted segments and passes them to AMI Subsystem

DERC RAS AMI Subsystem


Load shed and current limiting is still enacted to provide a margin for operation and provide for security margin

7.2 AMI Subsystem

Sends AMI Commands

AMI Subsystem sends commands to the AMI Endpoints

AMI Subsystem

AMI Endpoints


8.1 Substation DERC

Charge Schedule

Substation DERC generates storage charge/discharge orders based on new generation and loading profile

Substation DERC

Substation DERC

Optimized Charge/Discharge Schedule for DER Storage Units







Environment

8.2 Substation DERC

Generation Schedule

Substation DERC calculates Optimized DER Device Generation Schedule based on new generation and loading profile

Substation DERC

Substation DERC


8.3 Substation DERC

Voltage regulation Profile

Substation DERC generates voltage regulation profiles based on new generation and loading profile

Substation DERC

Substation DERC

Optimal Voltage Regulation Profiles

8.4 Substation DERC

Protection Setting Profiles

Substation DERC calculates Optimal System Protection Setting Profiles for the day based on new generation and loading profile

Substation DERC

Substation DERC


8.5 Substation DERC

Charge/Discharge Schedule Push

Substation DERC pushes Optimized Charge/Discharge Schedule for DER Storage Units to DER Device (storage units).

Substation DERC

DER Device Storage Unit








Environment

8.5.1

DER Device Storage Units

Storage Responds Accordingly

The DER Units Respond Accordingly




8.6 Substation DERC

Generation Schedule Push

Substation DERC pushes Optimized DER Device Generation Schedule to DER Device (generation units).

Substation DERC

DER Device Generation Unit


8.6.1

DER Device Generation Units

Generation Responds Accordingly





8.7 Substation DERC

Voltage Regulation Profile Push

Substation DERC pushes Optimal Voltage Regulation Profiles to the Substation Voltage Regulation System as appropriate

Substation DERC

Substation Voltage Regulation System


8.7.1


Substation Voltage Regulation System Responds Accordingly

The Substation Voltage Regulation System Respond Accordingly










Environment

8.8 Substation DERC

Protection Setting Profile Push

Substation DERC pushes Optimal System Protection Setting Profiles to the Protection System as appropriate

Substation DERC

Protection System


8.8.1

Protection System

Protection System Responds Accordingly

The Protection System Responds Accordingly

Protection System

Protection System


9 DERC Power Flow Monitoring

Power Flow Reports

DERC Power Flow Monitoring function reports balance and flows

DERC Power Flow Monitoring



10 Substation Operation as an embedded island

Substation continues operation with an embedded island

2.1.3 Post-conditions and Significant Results Describe conditions that must exist at the conclusion of the Function. Identify significant items similar to that in the preconditions section.

Describe any significant results from the Function

Actor/Activity Post-conditions Description and Results


2.2 Steps to implement function – Name of Sequence Name of this sequence.

2.2.1 Preconditions and Assumptions Describe conditions that must exist prior to the initiation of the Function, such as prior state of the actors and activities

Identify any assumptions, such as what systems already exist, what contractual relations exist, and what configurations of systems are probably in place

Identify any initial states of information exchanged in the steps in the next section. For example, if a purchase order is exchanged in an activity, its precondition to the activity might be ‘filled in but unapproved’.

Actor/System/Information/Contract Preconditions or Assumptions

2.2.2 Steps – Name of Sequence Describe the normal sequence of events, focusing on steps that identify new types of information or new information exchanges or new interface issues to address. Should the sequence require detailed steps that are also used by other functions, consider creating a new “sub” function, then referring to that “subroutine” in this function. Remember that the focus should be less on the algorithms of the applications and more on the interactions and information flows between “entities”, e.g. people, systems, applications, data bases, etc. There should be a direct link between the narrative and these steps.







Environment

# Triggering event? Identify the name of the event.2

What other actors are primarily responsible for the Process/Activity? Actors are defined in section1.5.

Label that would appear in a process diagram. Use action verbs when naming activity.

Describe the actions that take place in active and present tense. The step should be a descriptive noun/verb phrase that portrays an outline summary of the step. “If …Then…Else” scenarios can be captured as multiple Actions or as separate steps.

What other actors are primarily responsible for Producing the information? Actors are defined in section1.5.

What other actors are primarily responsible for Receiving the information? Actors are defined in section1.5.

(Note – May leave blank if same as Primary Actor)

Name of the information object. Information objects are defined in section 1.6

Elaborate architectural issues using attached spreadsheet. Use this column to elaborate details that aren’t captured in the spreadsheet.

Reference the applicable IECSA Environment containing this data exchange. Only one environment per step.

1 Normal Operation – A section is taken out of service for maintenance


Monitors Power Flow

DERC Power Flow Monitoring Component monitors power flows of feeders within its scope




2.1 DERC RAS Continuous Calculations of Balanced Segment/Segmentation Scenarios

DERC RAS continually calculates a series of instantaneous balanced scenarios based on possible segmentation schemes

DERC RAS DERC RAS Calculations of Balanced Segment/Segmentation Scenarios

Continuous monitoring of system and updating of contingent islanding operations

2 Note – A triggering event is not necessary if the completion of the prior step – leads to the transition of the following step.







Environment

2.2 DERC RAS Continuous Calculations of Balanced Segments from load shedding/current limiting Scenarios

DERC RAS continually calculates a series of achievable balanced scenarios with load shedding/current limiting based on possible segment schemes

DERC RAS DERC RAS Calculations of Balanced Segments from load shedding/current limiting Scenarios

Possible segmentation schemes are limited by the availability of phase angle matching switching gear

3 DERC Availability Monitor

Rates Scenarios according to SAIDI, SAIFI and critical loads

DERC Availability Monitor rates scenarios by SAIDI , SAIFI impacts, with consideration of critical loads





Determining breakers

DERC Network Configuration Component determines Substation Equipment which should be tripped in event of emergency to create balanced island areas





Additional System Components

DERC Network Configuration Component determines additional system operations that will need to be performed to balance island areas










Environment

5 Substation DERC

Create Profiles

Substation DERC Creates appropriate profiles for Bay Controllers and dependent IEDs as required and pushes them to affected Bay Controllers and dependent IEDs as required

Substation DERC

Bay Controllers and IEDs

Appropriate Profiles

Includes load shedding and AMI Current Limiting

6.1 WOMS Schedule Maintenance

WOMS system schedules maintenance

WOMS WOMS Scheduling of maintenance work order

6.2 WOMS Sends affected segments

WOMS sends affected segments and time frame (minutes ahead) to DMS/OMS/SCADA

WOMS DMS/OMS/SCADA


6.3 Substation DERC

DERC RAS Islanding Scenario Accepted

Substation DERC determines the appropriate DERC RAS Islanding Scheme based on maximizing system indices with full load shedding.

Substation DERC

Protection System



Substation DERC selects appropriate DERC RAS scheme based on maximizing system indices with full load shedding.







Environment

6.3.1

DERC DERC generates Load Shed, current limit orders and passes them to AMI

DERC AMI Subsystems

Load Shed/Current Limiting Orders

DERC generates Load Shed, current limit orders and passes them to AMI

6.3.2

AMI Subsystem

Sends AMI Commands

AMI Subsystem sends commands to the AMI Endpoints

AMI Subsystem

AMI Endpoints

Load Shed/Current Limiting Orders

7.1 Substation DERC

Charge Schedule

Substation DERC generates storage charge/discharge orders based on new generation and loading profile

Substation DERC

Substation DERC

Optimized Charge/Discharge Schedule for DER Storage Units

7.2 Substation DERC

Generation Schedule

Substation DERC calculates Optimized DER Device Generation Schedule based on new generation and loading profile

Substation DERC

Substation DERC


7.3 Substation DERC

Voltage regulation Profile

Substation DERC generates voltage regulation profiles based on new generation and loading profile

Substation DERC

Substation DERC








Environment

7.4 Substation DERC

Protection Setting Profiles

Substation DERC calculates Optimal System Protection Setting Profiles for the day based on new generation and loading profile

Substation DERC

Substation DERC


7.5 Substation DERC

Charge/Discharge Schedule Push

Substation DERC pushes Optimized Charge/Discharge Schedule for DER Storage Units to DER Device (storage units).

Substation DERC



7.5.1

DER Device Storage Units

Storage Responds Accordingly





7.6 Substation DERC

Generation Schedule Push

Substation DERC pushes Optimized DER Device Generation Schedule to DER Device (generation units).

Substation DERC



7.6.1

DER Device Generation Units

Generation Responds Accordingly











Environment

7.7 Substation DERC

Voltage Regulation Profile Push

Substation DERC pushes Optimal Voltage Regulation Profiles to the Substation Voltage Regulation System as appropriate

Substation DERC



7.7.1


Substation Voltage Regulation System Responds Accordingly

The Substation Voltage Regulation System Respond Accordingly




7.8 Substation DERC

Protection Setting Profile Push

Substation DERC pushes Optimal System Protection Setting Profiles to the Protection System as appropriate

Substation DERC

Protection System


7.8.1

Protection System

Protection System Responds Accordingly

The Protection System Responds Accordingly

Protection System

Protection System


8 DERC Power Flow Monitoring

Power Flow Reports

DERC Power Flow Monitoring function reports balance and flows




9 DERC Ready for island operation

Substation DERC signals OMS ready for island operation

Substation DERC

OMS Ready for island operation







Environment

10 SCADA Trips Substation Equipment

OMS Trips Substation Equipment via SCADA

OMS SCADA Substation Equipment Commands

11 Substation Normal Operation

Substation continues operation with an embedded island

2.2.3 Post-conditions and Significant Results

Actor/Activity Post-conditions Description and Results

Electric Power System Operating within normal ranges with one or more de energized segments, and one or more islanded segments within the distribution grid.

2.3 Architectural Issues in Interactions Elaborate on all architectural issues in each of the steps outlined in each of the sequences above. Reference the Step by number. Double click on the embedded excel file – record the changes and save the excel file (this updates the embedded attachment).

2.4 Diagram For clarification, draw (by hand, by Power Point, by UML diagram) the interactions, identifying the Steps where possible.


CentralizedDERC

SubStation DERC

(Location 1)

AMI

Substation Protection Systems

DER Controller

AMI Units

5

5

5.1.1

5.2.1

5.2.2


3 Auxiliary Issues

3.1 References and contacts Documents and individuals or organizations used as background to the function described; other functions referenced by this function, or acting as “sub” functions; or other documentation that clarifies the requirements or activities described. All prior work (intellectual property of the company or individual) or proprietary (non-publicly available) work must be so noted.

ID Title or contact Reference or contact information

[1]

3.2 Action Item List As the function is developed, identify issues that still need clarification, resolution, or other notice taken of them. This can act as an Action Item list.

ID Description Status

[1]

3.3 Revision History For reference and tracking purposes, indicate who worked on describing this function, and what aspect they undertook.

No Date Author Description

1.1 10/26/2009 Charles Vincent Original Fault Response Use Case

1.2 1/14/2010 Brian D. Green Update Actors, Steps and Diagram