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HUMAN DENTITION
DENTALANATOMY
By
Prof. Dr. Naglaa Bahgat Nagy
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Anatomy of the Tooth.
Tissues of the tooth.
Types of Dentition/teeth. Dental Formula.
Tooth Numbering Systems.
Tooth Morphology. Significance of tooth morphology.
Tooth Relationship with each others.
ObjectivesObjectives. .. .
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Anatomy of the Tooth
Crown:
Anatomical crown.
Clinical crown.
Root (roots):
Single root (anterior teeth).
Two roots (mandibular molars).
Three roots (maxillary molars).
Cervical line:
Cervical line or cemento-enamel junction.
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a.a. Anatomical crown:Anatomical crown:
portion of tooth covered withportion of tooth covered withenamel.enamel.
Anatomy of the toothAnatomy of the tooth
AnatomicAnatomic
crowncrown
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b.b. ClClinical crown:inical crown:portion of tooth that appears inportion of tooth that appears inthe oral cavitythe oral cavity. (above the gum line).
Anatomical
crownClinical
crown
Anatomy of the toothAnatomy of the tooth
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c.c. Root (Roots):Root (Roots):
PartPart of of thethe toothtooth thatthat isisembeddedembedded inin thethe alveolaralveolarprocessprocess andand isis coveredcovered bybycementumcementum.
Anatomy of the toothAnatomy of the tooth
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1.1. Dentin.Dentin.
2.2. Enamel.Enamel.
3.3. Cementum.Cementum.
4.4. Pulp.Pulp.
Tissues of the toothTissues of the tooth
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1.1. DentinDentin::
Dentin makes up the bulk of the tooth.
Dentin is covered by enamel on the crown portion of the
tooth and by cementum on its root portion.
Dentin is not as hard as enamel.
Dentin is the only sensitive dental hard tissue.
Tissues of the toothTissues of the tooth
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Tissues of the toothTissues of the tooth
22.. Enamel.Enamel.
(1) Enamel covers the anatomical crown.
(2) Enamel is the hardest tissue in the body.
(3) It is incapable of remodeling and repair.
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3.Cementum:3.Cementum:
(1) Cementum covers the root of the tooth.
(2) It overlies radicular dentin and joins the enamel
at the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ).
(3) Its primary function is to anchor the tooth to its
bony socket with attachment fibers (PDL).
Tissues of the toothTissues of the tooth
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44.. TheThe dentaldental pulppulp::
(1) It is the soft connective tissue that
supports dentin.
(2) It contains blood vessels and nerves
which enter through the apical foramen.
Tissues of the toothTissues of the tooth
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Dentition
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Definition ofdentition:
The term dentition is used to describe the natural teeth in the
jawbones.
Human Dentition:Human has , two sets of dentitions (diphyodont).
Primary dentition is the first set of 20 primary teeth. Also
referred to as baby teeth or deciduous teeth .
Permanent dentition refers to the 32 secondary or adult
teeth.
Mixed dentition occurs when both primary and permanent
teeth are present, usually between the ages of 6 to 12.
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TYPES OF TEETH
Teeth could be divided according to their:
CHORONOLOGY.
POSITION.
MORPHOLOGY.
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TYPES OF TEETH (Dentition)
Chronologically:
There are two types of teeth:
Permanent teeth (32 teeth).
Deciduous (primary) teeth (20 teeth).
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TYPES OF TEETH
According to Position:
Anterior & Posterior teeth.
Upper (maxillary) & Lower (mandibular) teeth.
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TYPES OF TEETH
According to Morphology:
Incisors (I).
Canine (C).
Premolars (P).
Molars (M).
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Types of Teeth
Incisors:
Single-rooted teeth with a relatively sharp thinedge referred to as the incisal edge.
Located in the front of the mouth, they are designedto cut food without the application of heavy forces.
In human there are four incisors in each jaw. Central(front teeth) and lateral (distal to the centrals).
Mesial = near to the midline. Distal = away from the midline.
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Canines (cuspids):
located at the corner of the arch. They are designed forcutting and tearing foods, which require the application offorce.
Premolars (bicuspids? ):
between canines and molars. The pointed cusps hold andgrind the food. They have a broader surface for chewingfood.
There are two sets of premolars in the permanentdentition and NO premolars in the primary dentition.
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Molars:
Molars have more cusps than other teeth that are
used to chew or grind up food.
There are two sets of molars in the primary
dentition and three sets of molars in the
permanent dentition.
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d. Teeth in each quadrant.
(1) Central incisor(2) Lateral incisor
(3) Canine
(4) 1st molar
(5) 2nd molar
Deciduous TeethDeciduous Teeth
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(4) 1st premolar(4) 1st premolar
(5) 2nd premolar(5) 2nd premolar(6) 1st molar(6) 1st molar
(7) 2nd molar(7) 2nd molar
(8) 3rd molar(8) 3rd molar
Permanent TeethPermanent Teeth
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DENTAL FORMULA.
Dental arches.
Jaw quadrants.
Half of the mouth.
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Teeth are arranged in two arches:(Dental Arches)
-An Upper Arch or theMaxillaryMaxillary archarch..AA LowerLower archarch oror thetheM
and
ibu
larM
and
ibu
lar archarch..
Each dental arch has a Midline thatdivides the arch Into two approximatelyequal segments or Quadrant. (Right &Left )Thus, there are Four Quadrants inthe entire oral cavity.
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Dental arches
Teeth are arranged in two arches:-
Upper [maxillary] & lower [mandibular] arches.
The teeth in the upper arch might not be similar to
those in the lower arch.
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Jaw Quadrants
An imaginary midline divides each arch intotwo equal halves (a left half and a right half).
Thus, the maxillary and mandibular arches
are each divided into two halves theresulting four sections are called quadrants,as follows:
1. Maxillary right quadrant.
2. Maxillary left quadrant.
3. Mandibular right quadrant.
4. Mandibular left quadrant.
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Half of the mouth
The mouth could be divided into two equal
halves (right & left).
Thus, each half contains the same number andtypes of teeth.
The formula which describes teeth in half of
the mouth is called dental formula.
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DENTAL FORMULA
It is the formula that describes the teeth in
half of the mouth in any mammals.
The denomination (type) of each tooth isrepresented by its initial letter (I, C, P, M).
Each letter is followed by a horizontal line.
The number of each type of teeth is placed
above the line for the maxillary teeth and
below the line for mandibular teeth.
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Dental formula for human
Human has two sets of dentition.
The dental formula for deciduous teeth is:
I ----- C ------ M -------- =10
Thus, the child has 20 deciduous teeth.
The dental formula for permanent teeth is:
I ----- C ------ P ------ M ------- = 16 Thus, the adult person has 32 teeth.
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Functions of teeth
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The functions of teeth vary, depending
on their individual shape and size and
their location in the jaws.
The three basic food processing
functions of the teeth are cutting, holding
or grasping, and grinding.
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Functions of teeth
1-anterior teeth:-
Esthetics
Support the lips
Speech.
2- posterior teeth:-
Food grinding.
support and sustain the vertical dimension of theface.
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Numbering Systems
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Numbering Systems
Universal Numbering System.
Palmer Notation System.
Federation Dentaire Internationale (FDI).
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Universal System for Permanent Teeth.
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Universal System for Deciduous Teeth
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Palmer Notation System for
Permanent teeth
Right
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Left
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
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FDI System for Permanent Teeth
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FDI System for Deciduous Teeth
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Recommended book
Wheelers Dental Anatomy, Physiology and
Occlusion. (9th Ed).Saunders, Elsevier.
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