1 Deep Water Formation: Now vs Last Ice Age. 2 Model Predicted Air Temperature Change.

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Deep Water Formation: Now vs Last Ice Age

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Model Predicted Air Temperature Change

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Models Predict a Future Slow Down of Deep Water Formation Rates in N. Atlantic

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Potential Temperture and Salinity in Atlantic Ocean

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Formation Regions of Deep and Intermediate Waters

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Circulation in Region of Antarctic Bottom Water Formation

Entrainment

Sinking

55ºS 70ºS

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Distribution of Intermediate Waters (600-1500m)

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Spread of Mediterranean Water in N. Atlantic (~1000m)

Pot Temp

Salinity

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Temperature and Salinity in S. Atlantic (~40ºS)

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T, S and σ for Deep and Intermediate Waters in Atlantic

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Pot Temp vs Salinity in Atlantic Ocean

Is this site in N. or S. Atlantic?

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Temperature vs Salinity when there are only two Water Sources

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10

34 36

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Temperature vs Salinity for Three Water Sources

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T vs S for Components of

LNADW

LSW= Labrador Sea Water

GSW= Greenland Sea Water

NSW= Norwegian Sea Water

LNADW= Lower NADW Component

(GSW)

GSW

LNADW

NSW

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Effects of Mixing on

T and S

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T vs S in N. Atlantic(~40ºN 30ºW)

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Theoretical Circulation of the Deep Sea

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Ocean’s Conveyor Belt Circulation Schematic