Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Defense Programs 1 Dale E. Klein, Ph.D., P.E. Assoc. Vice Chancellor for Research – The University of Texas System Associate Director – Energy Institute, The University of Texas at Austin Things Nuclear Including Fukushima Presented to Tom Edgar’s Energy Class – Department of Engineering The University of Texas at Austin November 29, 2011
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1 Dale E. Klein, Ph.D., P.E. Assoc. Vice Chancellor for Research – The University of Texas System Associate Director – Energy Institute, The University.
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Dale E. Klein, Ph.D., P.E.
Assoc. Vice Chancellor for Research – The University of Texas System
Associate Director – Energy Institute, The University of Texas at Austin
Things Nuclear Including Fukushima
Presented to Tom Edgar’s Energy Class – Department of Engineering The University of Texas at Austin
November 29, 2011
Outline
• World Nuclear Energy
• U.S. Nuclear Energy
• Fukushima
• Questions
China alone is building 21 new plants.
Construction at Qinshan, China
Around the world, 61 new plants are scheduled to open by 2015
3
Reactors by Plant Design
ESBWRDTE
US ABWRSouth Texas Project
AP1000DukeTVA
ProgressSouth Carolina E&G
Southern Co.Florida Power & LIght
EPRAmeren UE
UniStarPPL Generation
US APWRLuminantDominion
Early Site PermitEXELON
4
What is different today?
1. Improved licensing process 2. Brownfield sites
South Texas Nuclear Power Plant
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Unit 5 Unit 6
Unit 1Unit 2Unit 3
Unit 4
Fukushima
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Event Initiation• The Fukushima nuclear facilities
were damaged in a magnitude 9.0 earthquake on March 11 (Japan time), centered offshore of the Sendai region, which contains the capital Tokyo.– Plant designed for magnitude 8.2
earthquake. An 9.0 magnitude quake is 8 times greater in magnitude.
• Serious secondary effects followed including a significant tsunami, significant aftershocks and a major fire at a fossil fuel installation.
• The Fukushima nuclear facilities were damaged in a magnitude 9.0 earthquake on March 11 (Japan time), centered offshore of the Sendai region, which contains the capital Tokyo.– Plant designed for magnitude 8.2
earthquake. An 9.0 magnitude quake is 8 times greater in magnitude.
• Serious secondary effects followed including a significant tsunami, significant aftershocks and a major fire at a fossil fuel installation.
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Serious Secondary Effects
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1Seawater Pump
Elevation: about 10m
TurbineBuilding
① ②+ ⇒ Station Black Out
Tsunami (estimated more than 10m)
Grid Line
② D/G Inoperable due to Tsunami flood
D/G
Seawater level
① Loss of offsite power due to the earthquake
All Motor Operated pumps (including ECCS pumps) became inoperable
ReactorBuilding
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Fuel AssemblyFuel Rod – metal pipe contains 350 pellets and is plugged on each end.
Pellet – Uranium powder is baked into pellet form. About 8 grams of these pellet can produce electricity for a normal household for approximately 8 months.
72 Fuel Rods are bundled.
Plant Design
ContainmentBuilding Structure
11
12
Service Floor
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Accident ProgressionMeasured, and here referenced liquid level is the collapsed level. The torus level is higher due to the steam bubbles in the liquid.
~50% of the core exposed
Cladding temperatures rise, but still no significant core damage
~2/3 of the core exposed
Cladding temperature exceeds ~900 oC
Ballooning / Breaking of the cladding
Release of fission products from the fuel rod gaps
Accident Progression
Explosion
Fukushima
Unit 5 Unit 6
Unit 1Unit 2Unit 3
Unit 4
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Units 1-4
1
3
2
4
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Likely Outcomes
• Station Blackout• Spent Fuel Storage• Multiple Units, not just a single unit• New Plants
• United States• Germany/Italy• China• India• United Arab Emirates