1. Cyclic AMP signalling pathway. 2. Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) signalling and nicotinic acid–adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) signalling 3. Voltage-operated.

1. Cyclic AMP signalling pathway. 2. Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) signalling and nicotinic acid–adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) signalling3. Voltage-operated channels (VOCs) 4. Receptor-operated channels (ROCs) 5. Stimuli that activate phospholipase C (PLC(6. PtdIns 3-kinase signalling7. Nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic GMP signalling 8. Redox signalling. Many receptors act throughNADPH oxidase (NOX9. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) 10. Nuclear factor κB(NF-κB) signalling.11. Phospholipase D (PLD) signalling.12. Sphingomyelin signalling pathway13. Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signalling.14. Smad signalling pathway15. Wnt signalling pathways. 16. Hedgehog signalling pathway17. Hippo signalling pathway18. Notch signalling pathway. 19. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signalling.Theendoplasmicreticulum (ER) stress signalling pathway20. AMP signalling pathway..

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Cyclic AMP signalling pathway

Usually depends upon the activation of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

adenylyl cyclase structure

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Regulatory properties anddistribution of adenylyl cyclase.

Modified from Table I in Whorton and Sunahara 2003. Reproduced from Handbook of Cell Signaling, Volume 2 (edited by R.A. Bradshaw and E.A. Dennis), Whorton, M.R. and Sunahara, R.K., Adenylyl cyclases, pp. 419--426. Copyright (2003), with permission from Elsevier.

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Organization and function of the cyclic AMP signalling pathway

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Function of the Rho monomericG protein in cell signal transduction.

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Function of the Cdc42 monomeric G protein in signal transduction

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Function of the Arf monomeric G-protein in signal transduction

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Summary of the monomeric G proteins with their guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs).

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department

Peyman Keyhanvar, MD, PhD, MBA, Iran University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Nanobiomedicine Department