1. Current Update on the Magnitude of Tb Burden

8/4/2019 1. Current Update on the Magnitude of Tb Burden

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A rice farmer with pulmonary TB is examined duringa home visit by the NGO.

James Nachtwey/VII


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A patient with advanced pulmonary TB receives adaily injection as well as oxygen. James Nachtwey/VII


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A boy experiencing severe pain from TB meningitis is

comforted by his mother. Family members providemuch of the personal care at hospitals in the

developing world. James Nachtwey/VII


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A prisoner who was convicted of murder was moved

from prison to the TB ward when he was diagnosedwith TB. He is co-infected with AIDS. James Nachtwey/VII


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A woman with TB meningitis is cared for by herhusband.

James Nachtwey/VII


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Tuberculosis is bothPREVENTABLE and CURABLE


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What is

Tuberculosis?


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Outline

Facts about TBTransmission

Signs and Symptoms

Drug Resistant TB

Prevention and Control

Burden of TB


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Facts About TB

Caused by a rod-shaped bacteria =Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Commonly affects the lungs(pulmonary TB)

Can also cause extra-pulmonary

disease

Contagious disease


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Transmission

Transmitted from person to personvia:

- coughing

- sneezing

- talking

- spitting


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TB is NOT spread by:- shaking someones hand

- sharing food or drink

- touching bed linens or toilet seats

- sharing toothbrushes

- kissing


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Natural Course of TB

TB infection

No disease /

Latent

Disease

Diseas

e

Immunesystembecomesweak

Immune systemintact


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SOURCE:1 WHO Global Tuberculosis Control Report 2009

2 WHO 10 Facts About Tuberculosis (http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/tuberculosis/en/)

1/3 of the worlds population oraround 2 billion people areinfected1

1 in every 10 of those peoplewill become sick with active TB2


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Signs and Symptoms

Pulmonary TB is suspected if aperson has:

- cough for 2 weeks or more

With or without:- fever

- chest and back pain- poor appetite- weakness- weight loss

- night sweats


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TB isCURABLE!


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Drug Resistant TB

Resistant TB develops due toimproper use of anti-TB drugs

- improper treatment regimens

e.g. wrong dosage, wrongtime,

- patient does not complete

whole courseof treatment


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Drug Resistant TB

Multi drug-resistant TB (MDR-TB)is a form of TB that does notrespond to the standard

treatment using first-line drugs,specifically rifampicin andisoniazid.

Extensively drug-resistant TB(XDR-TB) occurs when resistanceto second-line drugs develops.


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Prevention and Control

ALWAYS cover your mouthwhen you cough and sneeze;

Do NOT spit anywhere;

WASH hands properly and;

Protect your family andfriends from TB take thecorrect kind and quantity of

drugs and complete the


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The Burden ofTB


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TB Burden

Global Situation

National Situation

Local Situation


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Tuberculosis in the World,2007

People infected 1/3 of global pop 2billionNew TB cases 9.27 million

(139/100,000 pop)New ss+ TB cases 4.1 million

(61/100,000 pop)Cases of MDR-TB 0.5 millionDeaths from TB (non-HIV) 1.3 million

(20/100,000 pop)Deaths from TB (HIV positive)

456,000


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4/14/12 SOURCE: WHO Global Tuberculosis Control Report 2009

h f h


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The Extent of theProblem

1/3 of the global population isinfected with Mycobacteriumtuberculosis

8 million suffer from TB annually

95 % of the cases in developingcountries

2 million die of TB every year

14.8% of TB cases are co-infectedwith HIVSOURCE: WHO Global Tuberculosis Control Report

2009

TB B d i h


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TB Burden in thePhilippines, 2007

9th among the 22 High burden countries1

2nd in the Western Pacific Region (New ss+cases)2

6th leading cause of Morbidity andMortality 3

115,000 per year (New ss+ cases)1

98 Filipinos die daily 1SOURCE:1 WHO Global TB Control Report 2009

2 Tuberculosis Control in the Western Pacific Region 2009 Report3 FHSIS 2007


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TB Burden in thePhilippines, 2007

6 billion of annual income lost due toTB morbidity

27 billion pesos lost (foregonewages) annually

8 billion pesos in actual wages lost

Source: The Burden of Disease, Economic Costs and Clinical

Consequences ofTuberculosis in the Philippines, 2005, Peabody, John et al.


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Magnitude of TB: A Comparison of the

(3) National TB Prevalence Surveys

Measurement 19831st NTPS

1997

2nd NTPS

2007

3rd NTPS

Prevalence of Smear(+)/1000

6.6 3.1 2.0

Prevalence of Culture(+)/1000

8.6 8.1 4.7

MDR-TB among Newcases (-) 1.5 2.1

MDR-TB among

Re-treatment cases(-) 14.5 13.0


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2007 NTPS Conclusions

The burden of TB disease in thecountry has declined over the past10 years since the launching of the

DOTS program.

Significant decline in TB disease:

- 35.5% decline in ss+ Pulmonary TB- 42.0% decline in sputum culture +

PTB


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2007 NTPS Conclusions

The rate of MDR-TB showed nosignificant difference from 1997indicating no increase in generation,but ongoing transmission

NTP interventions in the past decadehas lead to better control, prevention,

case management and better survivalof TB patients


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New SS (+)s by Gender andAge Groups, 2004-2008


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THANK YOU!

1. Current Update on the Magnitude of Tb Burden

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