1 Common U.S. Breeds of Pigs Swine Production. 2 Breeds of Pigs l White-line breeds and crosses -- Traditionally maternal breeds l Dark-colored breeds.

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Common U.S. Breeds of Pigs

Swine Production

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Breeds of Pigs

White-line breeds and crosses-- Traditionally maternal breeds

Dark-colored breeds-- Traditionally meat breeds

Today: Color does not matter since the color genes have been identified and manipulated

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Breed NumbersTable 1. The numbers of Pure Breeds of pigs born in 1990 in the USA. Shownalso are the estimated number of litters from two major USA breeding stockcompanies.

Breed OriginatedNumbers of

litters in 1990Percentage of the

USA sow herdYorkshire England 23,861 0.34%Duroc New Jersey & New York 22,179 0.32%Hampshire England 18,925 0.27%Chester White Ohio 5,544 0.08%Spot Ohio 6,443 0.09%Landrace Denmark 4,365 0.06%Berkshire England 2,071 0.03%Poland China Ohio 1,848 0.03%

Total Pure Breeds 85,236 1.22%PIC USA, Inc. England millionsDeKalb Texas millions

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Common Breeds

-Yorkshire-Landrace-Chester White-Duroc-Hampshire-Poland China-Berkshire-Spot

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Yorkshire-“The mother breed”-All white-Erect ears-Large and long-Fertile-Produce large litters

-Boars known for early sexual maturity and sire fast-growing offspring-Most litters registered in the U.S.

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Landrace

-Large, droopy ears-All white-Maternal breed-Heavy birthweights-Long bodied-Ease of breeding-Originated from Danish and Norwegian Landrace

-Thought to have the highest # weaned of any breed.

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Duroc

-Noted for feed efficiency and muscle quality (marbling)-Low PSE and DFD-Solid red in color-Droopy ears-Excellent terminal sire-High average daily gain-Hair can be a problem at packing plants (deep-rooted hairs)

-Require less feed to make a pound of muscle than other breeds.

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Hampshire

-Terminal sire breed-Erect ears-Black with white belt-Lean and heavy muscled-Napole (RN) gene

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Berkshire

-Black with six white points-Erect ears-Has a short dished snout-Noted for excellent marbling and loin muscle quality-Early maturing-Backfat-Small framed-Slow growth

-Some markets pay a premium for Berkshire breeding (Berkshire Gold Program).

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Spot-High growth rate-Lacks advantage in meat quality-Black and white spotted -Drooping ears-Boars are aggressive

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Poland China

-Black with six white points-Drooping ears-Developed in Ohio-Not very adaptable to intensive systems-Large loineye areas-Meaty carcasses

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Chester White

-White-Semi-lop eared-Durable breed-Good for both indoor and outdoor systems-Was a popular lard pig-Large litters at birth and weaning-Sows milk well, good mothering ability-Boars are aggressive

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Extremes: Meishan and Pietran

-Halothane gene-extremely lean and heavy muscled

-prolific (20+ pigs per litter)-very fat!

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Common Commercial Crossbred Pigs

Monsanto Choice Genetics (formerly DeKalb Swine Breeders)

PIC, USA

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PIC, USA

Has the largest share of U.S. commercial pig market

Camborough females are most popular sow line: 15 or 22» Large White x Landrace x Duroc

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Pigs at TTU Farm

Newsham sows PIC USA gilts and young sows