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Alpha Phi Alpha Phi ........

For more info contact: [email protected]

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2

ES050 – Introductory Engineering Design and Innovation Studio

Engineering drawings

Prof. Paul Kurowski

January 13, 2010

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Creating drawings

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pot.SLDPRT

pot.SLDDRW

Creating drawings

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bracket.SLDPRTbracket.SLDDRW

Creating drawings

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hanger.SLDPRT

Creating drawings

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WRONG

Creating drawings

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CORRECT

Creating drawings

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Drawings are constructed to strict standards to ensure a consistent

interpretation.

Often are part of a contractual document

Emphasis is on clarity and simplicity.

Generally prefer to use symbols over notes since manufacturer may

not speak English.

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PARTS OF A TYPICAL DETAIL DRAWING

sheet

titleBlock(TOC)

views

revisionblock

notes

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DRAWING SHEET SIZES

North America International

A 8.5”x11” A4 210mm x 297mm

B 11”x17” A3 297mm x 420mm

C 17”x22” A2 420mm x 594mm

D 22”x34” A1 594mm x 841mm

E 34”x44” A0 841mm x 1189mm

Choose sheet size such that drawing is filled but not crowded (based on number of views and dimensions needed).

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DRAWING SCALE

Title block indicates scale which is predominantly used for views on drawing.

If a view uses a different scale it must be indicated under that view. Scales are given as whole number ratios

interpret as (drawing unit) : (physical unit) for scaling up: e.g. 2:1, 4:1, 10:1 for scaling down: e.g. 1:2, 1:5, 1:20 must have a 1 in the ratio. e.g. 2:3 not acceptable

Scale is chosen so that the features can be clearly seen.

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NOTES

Gives useful information not covered by dimensions, symbols or in

the title block.

Can also be used with arrows to indicate features of importance.

Current practice is to limit the use of notes since they may be

misinterpreted.

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DRAWING VIEWS

Only use the number of views necessary to convey information about the

part (an isometric view is the exception)

Often need only two or three views

Edges which are visible in that view are shown as solid lines

Edges which are not visible are called hidden lines

Best not to show hidden lines

you cannot dimension to hidden lines anyway

they reduce clarity in drawings of complex parts

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ORTHOGRAPHIC (PROJECTED) VIEWS

Primary views on a drawing

Set of views at 90° to each other

Created by placing part in a virtual box and look through each side.

True size and shape

angles are correct

circles are round

lengths are to scale

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ORTHOGRAPHIC STANDARD PRACTICE

Choose front view as most descriptive

Determine views to best represent object

Use minimum number of views to completely describe object

Views must be aligned

Views should not be labeled

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AUXILIARY VIEWS

It is an extra view of an object

It is used when the 6 principal views don’t describe an object (or

some of its features) clearly or completely - in particular inclined

features

Should not be labeled

It is used to show the true lengths of lines

It is used to show the true size of planes

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AUXILIARY VIEW

ORTHOGRAPHIC (PROJECTED) VIEWS

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SECTION VIEWS

Useful to show interior features without using hidden lines

Must show section line in another view which indicates the cutting

plane and the direction of view

Does not need to be aligned with parent view but often is shown

aligned to enhance clarity

Must have unique letter label

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section line

unique view label

cutting plane surfacecross-hatched

SECTION VIEWS

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ALLIGNED SECTION VIEWS

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DETAIL VIEWS

Used as enlargement of another view to enhance clarity of small

features

Must show detail area in parent view with label

Is not aligned with parent view

Must have unique letter label and scale must be indicated since it is

different from the parent view

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detailareawith label

detail view with labeland scale

DETAIL VIEWS

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BREAK VIEWS

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ISOMETRIC VIEW

3D view of part used to help visualization

Common if 3D CAD system used to develop drawing

Used only for a visual reference. Do not dimension this view.

Common now for assembly drawings.

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Orthographic (projected) views

isometric view

ISOMETRIC VIEW

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The view indicated by the callout is:

A Projected

B Auxiliary

C Section

D Aligned section

E Detail

ES1050 PART 01.sldprt

What type of view is this?

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What type of view is this?

The view indicated by the callout is:

A Projected

B Auxiliary

C Section

D Aligned section

E Detail

ES1050 PART 01.sldprt

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What type of view is this?

The view indicated by the callout is

A Section

B Aligned section

C Detail

D Broken out section

E Break

flange.sldprt

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flange.sldprt

What type of view is this?

The view indicated by the callout is:

A Projected

B Auxiliary

C Section

D Aligned section

E Detail

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What type of view is this?

The view indicated by the callout is

A Projected

B Section

C Detail

D Broken out section

E Break

flange long.sldprt

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CENTRE LINES

Used to indicate centres of full circles and axis of cylindrical features

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ASSEMBLY DRAWINGS

Assembly drawings show all the parts and how they go together.

Dimensions are not usually required.

A parts list or Bill of Material (BOM) specifies the item, quantity, description, part

number, etc. for each part.

The item numbers from the parts list for each part are indicated using numbered

balloons in the view.

Common styles used for assembly drawings:

as assembled view

section view

exploded view - Preferred!

Notes are used for assembly and machining instructions

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ASSEMBLY DRAWING AS ASSEMBLED

BOM

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ASSEMBLY DRAWING SECTION VIEW

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ASSEMBLY DRAWING EXPLODED VIEW

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DIMENSIONING OUTLINE

General Rules

Linear Dimensions

Angular Dimensions

Radial Dimensions

Diameter Dimensions

Holes

Tolerances

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INTRODUCTION

Dimensions give size, location and details of all features of the part.

Manufacturing method is not specified but driven by dimensions,

material and tolerances.

Dimensions are used per a standard to ensure consistent

interpretation and clarity

Dimension standard often indicated on drawing in title block.

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GENERAL RULES

Text height for dimensions and notes typically either .12” or 3 mm. Text is always uppercase. Units are usually either inches or millimetres. If using inches:

no zero precedes decimal (.250) dimensions expressed to same number of decimals as its tolerance

(.250±.002) If using millimetres:

zero precedes the decimal (0.5) no trailing zeros are required (2±0.5, 3.25±0.1)

Dimension text is always horizontal. Do not dimension to hidden lines.

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LINEAR DIMENSIONS

extensionline

dimensionline visible gap

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DIMENSION PLACEMENT

Dimensions are placed outside the part. Do not crowd dimensions and avoid crossing dimension lines with

extension lines.

aligned

space

space

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ANGULAR DIMENSIONS

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RADIAL DIMENSIONS

Small radii are called fillets. Preference is to use unlocated centres (easier to measure)

Unlocated Centre Located Centre

radiussymbol

centremark

leader line

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RADIAL DIMENSIONS

Never dimension to radii tangent points.

Tangent point

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DIAMETER DIMENSIONS

centreline

diametersymbol

small diameters(arrows don’t fit inside)

large diameter

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HOLE DIMENSIONS

Multiple holes are common on parts so standardized symbols have been adopted.

depthsymbol

note drillpoint

depth of fulldiameter

Thru Hole Blind Drilled Hole

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COUNTERBORED HOLES

Thru Hole Blind Hole

counterboresymbol

counterborediameter & depth

Note: depths always measured from top surface

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DIMENSIONING TECHNIQUES

Must give position and size of each feature but only once on the

drawing.

do not dimension the same feature again in a different view

unless dimension for reference only

Dimension based on the function of the feature.

Dimension to reduce tolerance stack-up for critical features.

Always dimension position of holes to their centre not their edge.

Tolerance scheme in the solid model may not be suitable for the

drawing.

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OVER DIMENSIONED

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REPEATED FEATURES

Repeat symbol

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WHAT IS WRONG?

lever.sldprt

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WHAT IS WRONG?

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WHAT IS WRONG?

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WHAT IS WRONG?

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WHAT IS WRONG?

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WHAT IS WRONG?

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WHAT IS WRONG?

flange.sldprt

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WHAT IS WRONG?

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WHAT IS WRONG?