1 Chemical Bonding Why bond anyway? – Increase Stability – Decrease Potential Energy… stored energy is difficult to maintain (batteries expire, food spoils).

1

Chemical Bonding• Why bond anyway?

– Increase Stability– Decrease Potential Energy… stored energy is difficult to maintain (batteries expire, food spoils).

• What is a bond?– an attractive force between atoms or ions that binds them together as a unit.

2

Chemical Bonding• Determining Bond Type

– There are two main bond types ionic and covalent.– Ionic bonds can be identified because...

• The first element is a metal (cation)• The second element is a nonmetal (anion)• The formula may include a polyatomic ion… look for formulae that start with a metal and have 3 or more elements.

– Covalent bonds can be identified because...

• The first element is a nonmetal• So is the second element; these formulae are composed of nonmetals exclusively.

3

Cations & AnionsHH

LiLi

NaNa

KK

RbRb

CsCs

FrFr

BeBe

MgMg

CaCa

SrSr

BaBa

RaRa

BkBk

ScSc

YY

CfCf

TiTi

ZrZr

HfHf

RfRf

CeCe

EsEs

VV

NbNb

TaTa

DbDb

PrPr

ThTh FmFm

CrCr

MoMo

WW

SgSg

NdNd

PaPa MdMd

MnMn

TcTc

ReRe

BhBh

PmPm

UU NoNo

FeFe

RuRu

OsOs

HsHs

SmSm

NpNp

CoCo

RhRh

IrIr

MtMt

EuEu

PuPu

NiNi

PdPd

PtPt

DsDs

GdGd

AmAm

CuCu

AgAg

AuAu

RgRg

TbTb

CmCm

ZnZn

CdCd

HgHg

UubUub

DyDy

BB

AlAl

GaGa

InIn

TlTl

UutUut

HoHo

CC

SiSi

GeGe

SnSn

PbPb

UuqUuq

ErEr

NN

PP

AsAs

SbSb

BiBi

UupUup

TmTm

OO

SS

SeSe

TeTe

PoPo

UuhUuh

YbYb

FF

ClCl

BrBr

II

AtAt

HeHe

NeNe

ArAr

KrKr

XeXe

RnRn

CC NN OOCC NN

SS

OOCC NN

PP SS

OOCC NN

SeSe

PP SS

OOCC NNCC NN OOCC NN

SS

OOCC NN

PP SS

OOCC NN

SeSe

PP SS

OOCC NN

LaLa

AcAc

LuLu

LrLr

HH

+1

+2 +4+3 -3 -1-20

Lots of positive possibilities+1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7

-4-1

For the time being look at the oxidation states of metals provided on the Periodic Table as charges

4

Common Polyatomic Ions1- charge 2- charge 3- charge

Formula Name Formula

Name Formula

Name

H2PO4- Dihydrogen

phosphateHPO4

2- Hydrogen phosphate

PO33- Phosphit

e

C2H3O2- Acetate C2O4

2- Oxalate PO43- Phospha

te

HSO3- Hydrogen sulfite SO3

2- Sulfite BO33- Borate

HSO4- Hydrogen sulfate SO4

2- Sulfate

HCO3- Hydrogen

carbonateCO3

2- Carbonate

NO2- Nitrite CrO4

2- Chromate

NO3- Nitrate Cr2O7

2- Dichromate

CN- Cyanide SiO32- Silicate

OH- Hydroxide 1+ charge

MnO4- Permanganate Formu

laName

ClO- Hypochlorite NH4+ Ammoni

um

ClO2- Chlorite

ClO3- Chlorate

ClO4- Perchlorate

5

Ionic Formulae• Formula Structure

– Elements present– Subscripts* (shows how much of each element)

NaNO3

* If no subscript is present it means that there is only one atom of that elementThis is a formula unit of an ionic compound.

This is sodium nitrate.

6

• Naming Rules– Write the names of both ions, cation first.– Change the ending of monatomic anions to -ide.

• Polyatomic ions have special names that are not to be altered.

– Stock System: Use Roman numerals to show the charge of a cation if more than one is possible.

• The overall charge must equal zero.

Example: Fe(NO3)2 becomes

iron (II) nitrateiron

Ionic Nomenclature

(II)nitrate

NO3- NO3

- → 2- charge; Fex+ must therefore have a 2+ charge

7

– This is the fastest way to determine an ionic formula. This requires some rough drafting.

Step 1: Write the Ions out (cation on the left, anion on the right)

Step 2: Paying no attention to the charge criss-cross the numbers appearing with each ion to the other ion so that they become a subscript.Step 3: Reduce/Simplify these numbers so they are the simplest whole number ratio.

Example:

Ionic NomenclatureThe Criss-Cross Method

Fe2+PO43-Fe2 PO43Fe3(PO4)23

(PO4)2Fe

cation on the leftanion on the right

Step 3, not necessary for this compound.

8

• Puzzle pieces – Cations & Anions– Take the 14 cations and 13 anions provided.– Come up with as many chemical combinations as you can (there are 182 possibilities).

– You may use the Criss-Cross method rather than the puzzle pieces.

– Write the chemical formula and name of each.

• Follow the naming rules and ONLY use one cation and one anion type at a time.

Example:

Ionic Nomenclature Practice

Al3+

aluminumAlNO2

2+

Aluminum nitriteAl(NO2)2

1+

Aluminum nitriteAl(NO2)3

Aluminum nitrite

9

Ionic Compound Formulae

(Formula Units)Cation Anion

Fe2+

Li+ Cu+

Mg2+ Al3+

Na+ Fe3+ NH4

+ Cu2+

Sn2+ Ni3+

Ag+ Sr2+

Mo6+

O2- C4-

Cl- PO43-

S2- NO2-

SO32- F-

SO42-

ClO-

BO33- N3-

C2H3O2-

FeOiron (II) oxide

Fe2Ciron (II) carbide

FeCl2iron (II) chloride

Go To Next Slide

Fe3(PO4)2iron (II)

phosphate

Fe(NO2)2iron (II) nitrite

FeSiron (II) sulfide

FeSO3iron (II) sulfite

Fe(ClO)2iron (II)

hypochlorite

Fe3(BO3)2iron (II) borate

Fe3N2iron (II) nitride

Fe (C2H3O2)2

iron (II) acetate

FeF2

iron (II) fluoride

FeSO4

iron (II) sulfate

10



Fe2+

Li+ Cu+

Mg2+ Al3+

Na+ Fe3+ NH4

+ Cu2+

Sn2+ Ni3+

Ag+ Sr2+

Mo6+

O2- C4-

Cl- PO43-

S2- NO2-

SO32- F-

SO42-

ClO-

BO33- N3-

C2H3O2-

Go To Next Slide

Li 2Olithium oxide

Li 4Clithium carbide

Li Cllithium chloride

Li 3PO4lithium phosphate

Li 2Slithium sulfide

Li NO2

lithium nitrite

Li 2SO3

lithium sulfite

Li ClOlithium

hypochlorite

Li 3BO3

lithium borate

Li 3Nlithium nitride

Li C2H3O2

lithium acetate

LiFlithium fluoride

Li2SO4

lithium sulfate

11



Fe2+

Li+ Cu+

Mg2+ Al3+

Na+ Fe3+ NH4

+ Cu2+

Sn2+ Ni3+

Ag+ Sr2+

Mo6+

O2- C4-

Cl- PO43-

S2- NO2-

SO32- F-

SO42-

ClO-

BO33- N3-

C2H3O2-

Go To Next Slide

Cu2Ocopper (I) oxide

Cu4Ccopper (I) carbide

CuClcopper (I) chloride

Cu3PO4

copper (I) phosphate

Cu2Scopper (I)

sulfide

CuNO2

copper (I) nitrite

Cu2SO3

copper (I) sulfite

CuClOcopper (I)

hypochlorite

Cu3BO3

copper (I) borateCu3N

copper (I) nitride

Cu C2H3O2

copper (I) acetate

CuFcopper (I)

fluoride

Cu2SO4

copper (I) sulfate

12



Fe2+

Li+ Cu+

Mg2+ Al3+

Na+ Fe3+ NH4

+ Cu2+

Sn2+ Ni3+

Ag+ Sr2+

Mo6+

O2- C4-

Cl- PO43-

S2- NO2-

SO32- F-

SO42-

ClO-

BO33- N3-

C2H3O2-

Go To Next Slide

MgOmagnesium oxide

Mg2Cmagnesium

carbide

Mg Cl2magnesium

chloride

Mg 3(PO4)2

magnesium phosphate

MgSmagnesium

sulfide

Mg(NO2)2

magnesium nitrite

Mg SO3

magnesium sulfite

Mg(ClO)2

magnesium hypochlorite

Mg3(BO3)2

magnesium borate

Mg3N2

magnesium nitride

Mg(C2H3O2)2

magnesium acetate

MgF2

magnesium fluoride

MgSO4

magnesium sulfate

13



Fe2+

Li+ Cu+

Mg2+ Al3+

Na+ Fe3+ NH4

+ Cu2+

Sn2+ Ni3+

Ag+ Sr2+

Mo6+

O2- C4-

Cl- PO43-

S2- NO2-

SO32- F-

SO42-

ClO-

BO33- N3-

C2H3O2-

Go To Next Slide

Al2O3

aluminum oxide

Al4C3

aluminum carbide

Al Cl3aluminum

chloride

AlPO4

aluminum phosphate

Al2S3

aluminum sulfide

Al(NO2)3

aluminum nitrite

Al2(SO3)3

aluminum sulfite

Al(ClO)3

aluminum hypochlorite

Al BO3

aluminum borate

AlNaluminum

nitride

Al(C2H3O2)3

aluminum acetate

AlF3

aluminum fluoride

Al2(SO4)3

aluminum sulfate

14



Fe2+

Li+ Cu+

Mg2+ Al3+

Na+ Fe3+ NH4

+ Cu2+

Sn2+ Ni3+

Ag+ Sr2+

Mo6+

O2- C4-

Cl- PO43-

S2- NO2-

SO32- F-

SO42-

ClO-

BO33- N3-

C2H3O2-

Go To Next Slide

Na2Osodium oxide

Na4Csodium carbide

NaClsodium chloride

Na3PO4

sodium phosphate

Na2Ssodium sulfide

NaNO2

sodium nitriteNa2SO3

sodium sulfite

NaClOsodium

hypochlorite

Na3BO3

sodium borateNa3N

sodium nitride

NaC2H3O2

sodium acetate

NaFsodium fluoride

Na2SO4

sodium sulfate

15



Fe2+

Li+ Cu+

Mg2+ Al3+

Na+ Fe3+ NH4

+ Cu2+

Sn2+ Ni3+

Ag+ Sr2+

Mo6+

O2- C4-

Cl- PO43-

S2- NO2-

SO32- F-

SO42-

ClO-

BO33- N3-

C2H3O2-

Go To Next Slide

Fe2O3

iron (III) oxide

Fe4C3

iron (III) carbide

Fe Cl3iron (III) chloride

FePO4

iron (III) phosphate

Fe2(SO3)3

iron (111) sulfide

Fe(NO2)3

iron (III) nitriteFe2(SO3)3

iron (III) sulfite

Fe(ClO)3

iron (III) hypochlorite

FeBO3

iron (III) borateFeN

iron (III) nitrideFe(C2H3O2)3

iron (III) acetate

FeF3

iron (III) fluoride

Fe2(SO4)3

iron (III) sulfate

16



Fe2+

Li+ Cu+

Mg2+ Al3+

Na+ Fe3+ NH4

+ Cu2+

Sn2+ Ni3+

Ag+ Sr2+

Mo6+

O2- C4-

Cl- PO43-

S2- NO2-

SO32- F-

SO42-

ClO-

BO33- N3-

C2H3O2-

Go To Next Slide

(NH4)2Oammonium oxide

(NH4)4Cammonium

carbide

NH4Clammonium

chloride

(NH4)3PO4

ammonium phosphate

(NH4)2Sammonium

sulfide

NH4NO2

ammonium nitrite

(NH4)2SO3

ammonium sulfite

NH4ClOammonium hypochlorite

(NH4)3BO3

ammonium borate

(NH4)3Nammonium

nitride

NH4C2H3O2

ammonium acetate

NH4Fammonium

fluoride

(NH4)2SO4

ammonium sulfate

17



Fe2+

Li+ Cu+

Mg2+ Al3+

Na+ Fe3+ NH4

+ Cu2+

Sn2+ Ni3+

Ag+ Sr2+

Mo6+

O2- C4-

Cl- PO43-

S2- NO2-

SO32- F-

SO42-

ClO-

BO33- N3-

C2H3O2-

Go To Next Slide

CuOcopper (II) oxide

Cu2Ccopper (II)

carbide

CuCl2copper (II)

chloride

Cu3(PO4)2

copper (II) phosphate

CuScopper (II)

sulfide

Cu(NO2)2

copper (II) nitrite

CuSO3

copper (II) sulfite

Cu(ClO)2

copper (II) hypochlorite

Cu3(BO3)2

copper (II) borate

Cu3N2

copper (II) nitride

Cu(C2H3O2)2

copper (II) acetate

CuF2

copper (II) fluoride

CuSO4

copper (II) sulfate

18



Fe2+

Li+ Cu+

Mg2+ Al3+

Na+ Fe3+ NH4

+ Cu2+

Sn2+ Ni3+

Ag+ Sr2+

Mo6+

O2- C4-

Cl- PO43-

S2- NO2-

SO32- F-

SO42-

ClO-

BO33- N3-

C2H3O2-

Go To Next Slide

SnOtin (II) oxide

Sn2Ctin (II) carbide

SnCl2tin (II) chloride

Sn3(PO4)2

tin (II) phosphate

SnStin (II) sulfideSn(NO2) 2

tin (II) nitrite

SnSO3

tin (II) sulfite

Sn(ClO)2

tin (II) hypochlorite

Sn3(BO3)2

tin (II) borate

Sn3N2

tin (II) nitride

Sn(C2H3O2)2

tin (II) acetate

SnF2

tin (II) fluoride

SnSO4

tin (II) sulfate

19



Fe2+

Li+ Cu+

Mg2+ Al3+

Na+ Fe3+ NH4

+ Cu2+

Sn2+ Ni3+

Ag+ Sr2+

Mo6+

O2- C4-

Cl- PO43-

S2- NO2-

SO32- F-

SO42-

ClO-

BO33- N3-

C2H3O2-

Go To Next Slide

Ni2O3

nickel (III) oxide

Ni4C3

nickel (III) carbide

NiCl3nickel (III) chloride

NiPO4

nickel (III) phosphate

Ni2S3

nickel (III) sulfide

Ni(NO2)3

nickel (III) nitrite

Ni2(SO3)3

nickel (III) sulfite

Ni(ClO)3

nickel (III) hypochlorite

NiBO3

nickel (III) borate

NiNnickel (III)

nitride

Ni(C2H3O2)3

nickel (III) acetate

NiF3

nickel (III) fluoride

Ni2(SO4)3

nickel (III)sulfate

20



Fe2+

Li+ Cu+

Mg2+ Al3+

Na+ Fe3+ NH4

+ Cu2+

Sn2+ Ni3+

Ag+ Sr2+

Mo6+

O2- C4-

Cl- PO43-

S2- NO2-

SO32- F-

SO42-

ClO-

BO33- N3-

C2H3O2-

Go To Next Slide

Ag2Osilver oxide

Ag4Csilver carbide

AgClsilver chloride

Ag3PO4

silver phosphate

Ag2Ssilver sulfide

AgNO2

silver nitrite

Ag2SO3

silver sulfite

AgClOsilver

hypochlorite

Ag3BO3

silver borate

Ag3Nsilver nitride

AgC2H3O2

silver acetate

AgFsilver fluoride

Ag2SO4

silver sulfate

21



Fe2+

Li+ Cu+

Mg2+ Al3+

Na+ Fe3+ NH4

+ Cu2+

Sn2+ Ni3+

Ag+ Sr2+

Mo6+

O2- C4-

Cl- PO43-

S2- NO2-

SO32- F-

SO42-

ClO-

BO33- N3-

C2H3O2-

Go To Next Slide

SrOstrontium oxide

Sr2Cstrontium

carbide

SrCl2strontium chloride

Sr3(PO4)2

strontium phosphate

SrSstrontium

sulfide

Sr(NO2)2

strontium nitrite

SrSO3

strontium sulfite

Sr(ClO)2

strontium hypochlorite

Sr3(BO3)2

strontium borate

Sr3N2

strontium nitride

Sr(C2H3O2)2

strontium acetate

SrF2

strontium fluoride

SrSO4

strontium sulfate

22



Fe2+

Li+ Cu+

Mg2+ Al3+

Na+ Fe3+ NH4

+ Cu2+

Sn2+ Ni3+

Ag+ Sr2+

Mo6+

O2- C4-

Cl- PO43-

S2- NO2-

SO32- F-

SO42-

ClO-

BO33- N3-

C2H3O2-

Go To Next Slide

MoO3

molybdenum (VI) oxide

Mo4C6

molybdenum (VI) carbide

MoCl6molybdenum (VI)

chloride

Mo(PO4)2

molybdenum (VI) phosphate

MoS3

molybdenum (VI) sulfide

Mo(NO2)6

molybdenum (VI) nitrite

Mo(SO3)3

molybdenum (VI) sulfite

Mo(ClO)6

molybdenum (VI) hypochlorite

Mo(BO3)2

molybdenum (VI) borate

MoN2

molybdenum (VI) nitride

Mo(C2H3O2)6

molybdenum (VI) acetate

MoF6

molybdenum (VI) fluoride

Mo(SO4)3

molybdenum (VI) sulfate

23

O2- C4-

Cl- PO43-

S2- NO2-

SO32- F-

SO42-

ClO-

BO33- N3-

C2H3O2-

Fe2+

Li+ Cu+

Mg2+ Al3+

Na+ Fe3+ NH4

+ Cu2+

Sn2+ Ni3+

Ag+ Sr2+

Mo6+

FeOiron (II) oxide

Li 2Olithium oxide

Cu2Ocopper (I) oxide

MgOmagnesium

oxide

Al2O3

aluminum oxideNa2O

sodium oxide

Fe2O3

iron (III) oxide

(NH4)2Oammonium oxide

CuOcopper (II) oxide

SnOtin (II) oxide

Ni2O3

nickel (III) oxide

Ag2Osilver oxide

SrOstrontium oxide

MoO3

molybdenum (VI) oxide



Go To Next Slide

24

(NH4)4Cammonium

carbide

Na4Csodium carbide

Al4C3

aluminum carbide

Mg2Cmagnesium

carbide

Cu4Ccopper (I)

carbide

Li 4Clithium carbide

Fe2Ciron (II) carbide



Fe2+

Li+ Cu+

Mg2+ Al3+

Na+ Fe3+ NH4

+ Cu2+

Sn2+ Ni3+

Ag+ Sr2+

Mo6+

O2- C4-

Cl- PO43-

S2- NO2-

SO32- F-

SO42-

ClO-

BO33- N3-

C2H3O2-

Go To Next Slide

Sr2Cstrontium

carbide

Ag4Csilver carbide

Ni4C3

nickel (III) carbide

Sn2Ctin (II) carbide

Cu2Ccopper (II)

carbide

Fe4C3

iron (III) carbide

Mo4C6

molybdenum (VI) carbide

25



Fe2+

Li+ Cu+

Mg2+ Al3+

Na+ Fe3+ NH4

+ Cu2+

Sn2+ Ni3+

Ag+ Sr2+

Mo6+

O2- C4-

Cl- PO43-

S2- NO2-

SO32- F-

SO42-

ClO-

BO33- N3-

C2H3O2-

Go To Next Slide

FeCl2iron (II) chloride

Li Cllithium chloride

CuClcopper (I) chloride

Mg Cl2magnesium

chloride

Al Cl3aluminum

chloride

NaClsodium chloride

Fe Cl3iron (III) chloride

NH4Clammonium

chloride

CuCl2copper (II)

chloride

SnCl2tin (II) chloride

NiCl3nickel (III) chloride

AgClsilver chloride

SrCl2strontium chloride

MoCl6molybdenum (VI)

chloride

26



Fe2+

Li+ Cu+

Mg2+ Al3+

Na+ Fe3+ NH4

+ Cu2+

Sn2+ Ni3+

Ag+ Sr2+

Mo6+

O2- C4-

Cl- PO43-

S2- NO2-

SO32- F-

SO42-

ClO-

BO33- N3-

C2H3O2-

Go To Next Slide

Fe3(PO4)2iron (II)

phosphate

Li 3PO4lithium

phosphate

Cu3PO4

copper (I) phosphate

Mg 3(PO4)2

magnesium phosphate

AlPO4

aluminum phosphate

Na3PO4

sodium phosphate

FePO4

iron (III) phosphate

(NH4)3PO4

ammonium phosphate

Cu3(PO4)2

copper (II) phosphate

Sn3(PO4)2

tin (II) phosphate

NiPO4

nickel (III) phosphate

Ag3PO4

silver phosphate

Sr3(PO4)2

strontium phosphate

Mo(PO4)2

molybdenum (VI) phosphate

27

Li 2Slithium sulfide

FeSiron (II) sulfide



Fe2+

Li+ Cu+

Mg2+ Al3+

Na+ Fe3+ NH4

+ Cu2+

Sn2+ Ni3+

Ag+ Sr2+

Mo6+

O2- C4-

Cl- PO43-

S2- NO2-

SO32- F-

SO42-

ClO-

BO33- N3-

C2H3O2-

Go To Next Slide

Ag2Ssilver sulfide

SnStin (II) sulfide

CuScopper (II)

sulfide

(NH4)2Sammonium

sulfide

Na2Ssodium sulfide

Al2S3

aluminum sulfide

Cu2Scopper (I) sulfide

MgSmagnesium

sulfide

Fe2(SO3)3

iron (III) sulfide

Ni2S3

nickel (III) sulfide

SrSstrontium

sulfide

MoS3

molybdenum (VI) sulfide

28

Al(NO2)3

aluminum nitrite

Mg(NO2)2

magnesium nitrite

CuNO2

copper (I) nitrite

Fe(NO2)3

iron (III) nitrite

Li NO2

lithium nitriteFe(NO2)2iron (II) nitrite



Fe2+

Li+ Cu+

Mg2+ Al3+

Na+ Fe3+ NH4

+ Cu2+

Sn2+ Ni3+

Ag+ Sr2+

Mo6+

O2- C4-

Cl- PO43-

S2- NO2-

SO32- F-

SO42-

ClO-

BO33- N3-

C2H3O2-

Go To Next Slide

Sr(NO2)2

strontium nitrite

AgNO2

silver nitrite

Ni(NO2)3

nickel (III) nitrite

Cu(NO2)2

copper (II) nitrite

NH4NO2

ammonium nitriteNaNO2

sodium nitrite

Sn(NO2) 2

tin (II) nitrite

Mo(NO2)6

molybdenum (VI) nitrite

29

FeSO3iron (II) sulfite



Fe2+

Li+ Cu+

Mg2+ Al3+

Na+ Fe3+ NH4

+ Cu2+

Sn2+ Ni3+

Ag+ Sr2+

Mo6+

O2- C4-

Cl- PO43-

S2- NO2-

SO32- F-

SO42-

ClO-

BO33- N3-

C2H3O2-

Go To Next Slide

SrSO3

strontium sulfite

Ag2SO3

silver sulfite

Ni2(SO3)3

nickel (III) sulfite

SnSO3

tin (II) sulfite

CuSO3

copper (II) sulfite

(NH4)2SO3

ammonium sulfite

Na2SO3

sodium sulfite

Al2(SO3)3

aluminum sulfite

Mg SO3

magnesium sulfite

Li 2SO3

lithium sulfite

Fe2(SO3)3

iron (III) sulfite

Cu2SO3

copper (I) sulfite

Mo(SO3)3

molybdenum (VI) sulfite

30



Fe2+

Li+ Cu+

Mg2+ Al3+

Na+ Fe3+ NH4

+ Cu2+

Sn2+ Ni3+

Ag+ Sr2+

Mo6+

O2- C4-

Cl- PO43-

S2- NO2-

SO32- F-

SO42-

ClO-

BO33- N3-

C2H3O2-

Go To Next Slide

AgFsilver fluoride

NiF3

nickel (III) fluoride

NaFsodium fluoride

CuFcopper (I)

fluoride

LiFlithium fluoride

FeF2

iron (II) fluoride

MgF2

magnesium fluoride

AlF3

aluminum fluoride

FeF3

iron (III) fluoride

NH4Fammonium

fluoride

CuF2

copper (II) fluoride

SnF2

tin (II) fluoride

SrF2

strontium fluoride

MoF6

molybdenum (VI) fluoride

31

(NH4)2SO4

ammonium sulfate

CuSO4

copper (II) sulfate

SnSO4

tin (II) sulfate

SrSO4

strontium sulfate

Mo(SO4)3

molybdenum (VI) sulfate

Ni2(SO4)3

nickel (III) sulfate

MgSO4

magnesium sulfate

Al2(SO4)3

aluminum sulfate

Fe2(SO4)3

iron (III) sulfate



Fe2+

Li+ Cu+

Mg2+ Al3+

Na+ Fe3+ NH4

+ Cu2+

Sn2+ Ni3+

Ag+ Sr2+

Mo6+

O2- C4-

Cl- PO43-

S2- NO2-

SO32- F-

SO42-

ClO-

BO33- N3-

C2H3O2-

Go To Next Slide

Ag2SO4

silver sulfate

Na2SO4

sodium sulfate

Cu2SO4

copper (I) sulfate

Li2SO4

lithium sulfate

FeSO4

iron (II) sulfate

32



Fe2+

Li+ Cu+

Mg2+ Al3+

Na+ Fe3+ NH4

+ Cu2+

Sn2+ Ni3+

Ag+ Sr2+

Mo6+

O2- C4-

Cl- PO43-

S2- NO2-

SO32- F-

SO42-

ClO-

BO33- N3-

C2H3O2-

Go To Next Slide

Sr(ClO)2

strontium hypochlorite

AgClOsilver

hypochlorite

Ni(ClO)3

nickel (III) hypochlorite

Sn(ClO)2

tin (II) hypochlorite

Cu(ClO)2

copper (II) hypochlorite

NH4ClOammonium hypochlorite

NaClOsodium

hypochlorite

Al(ClO)3

aluminum hypochlorite

Mg(ClO)2

magnesium hypochlorite

CuClOcopper (I)

hypochlorite

Li ClOlithium

hypochlorite

Fe(ClO)2iron (II)

hypochlorite

Fe(ClO)3

iron (III) hypochlorite

Mo(ClO)6

molybdenum (VI) hypochlorite

33

Li 3BO3

lithium borateFe3(BO3)2iron (II) borate



Fe2+

Li+ Cu+

Mg2+ Al3+

Na+ Fe3+ NH4

+ Cu2+

Sn2+ Ni3+

Ag+ Sr2+

Mo6+

O2- C4-

Cl- PO43-

S2- NO2-

SO32- F-

SO42-

ClO-

BO33- N3-

C2H3O2-

Go To Next Slide

Sr3(BO3)2

strontium borate

Ag3BO3

silver borate

NiBO3

nickel (III) borate

Sn3(BO3)2

tin (II) borate

Cu3(BO3)2

copper (II) borate

(NH4)3BO3

ammonium borateNa3BO3

sodium borate

Al BO3

aluminum borate

Mg3(BO3)2

magnesium borate

Cu3BO3

copper (I) borateFeBO3

iron (III) borate

Mo(BO3)2

molybdenum (VI) borate

34

Na3Nsodium nitride

AlNaluminum

nitride

Li 3Nlithium nitride

Fe3N2iron (II) nitride

Cu3Ncopper (I) nitride

FeNiron (III) nitride

Mg3N2

magnesium nitride

(NH4)3Nammonium

nitride



Fe2+

Li+ Cu+

Mg2+ Al3+

Na+ Fe3+ NH4

+ Cu2+

Sn2+ Ni3+

Ag+ Sr2+

Mo6+

O2- C4-

Cl- PO43-

S2- NO2-

SO32- F-

SO42-

ClO-

BO33- N3-

C2H3O2-

Go To Next Slide

Sr3N2

strontium nitride

Ag3Nsilver nitride

NiNnickel (III)

nitride

Sn3N2

tin (II) nitride

Cu3N2

copper (II) nitride

MoN2

molybdenum (VI) nitride

35



Fe2+

Li+ Cu+

Mg2+ Al3+

Na+ Fe3+ NH4

+ Cu2+

Sn2+ Ni3+

Ag+ Sr2+

Mo6+

O2- C4-

Cl- PO43-

S2- NO2-

SO32- F-

SO42-

ClO-

BO33- N3-

C2H3O2-

Go To Next Slide

AgC2H3O2

silver acetate

Ni(C2H3O2)3

nickel (III) acetate

NaC2H3O2

sodium acetate

Cu C2H3O2

copper (I) acetate

Li C2H3O2

lithium acetate

Fe (C2H3O2)2

iron (II) acetate

Mg(C2H3O2)2

magnesium acetate

Al(C2H3O2)3

aluminum acetate

Fe(C2H3O2)3

iron (III) acetate

NH4C2H3O2

ammonium acetate

Cu(C2H3O2)2

copper (II) acetate

Sn(C2H3O2)2

tin (II) acetate

Sr(C2H3O2)2

strontium acetate

Mo(C2H3O2)6

molybdenum (VI) acetate

36

Fe2+ NO31-Fe2 NO31

Ionic Nomenclature• Getting a formula out of a name

– Write the symbol of both ions, cation first.– Include known charges of the ions.

• Roman numerals in the Stock system tell the charge of cations with multiple oxidation states.• Polyatomic ions don’t have more than one oxidation state.

– Paying no attention to the signs of the charges crisscross them as subscripts for the opposite ions.

• Use parentheses if there is more than one of a polyatomic ion type.

Example: iron (II) nitrate becomes

Fe NO3Fe NO3 2Fe(NO3)2

1 Chemical Bonding Why bond anyway? – Increase Stability – Decrease Potential Energy… stored energy is difficult to maintain (batteries expire, food spoils).

Documents

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fe cation

charge fe x

ionic bonds

hydrogen phosphate po

ionic compound

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