1 CEE Areas of Specialization Construction Environmental Geotechnical Structures Transportation Water Resources.

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CEE Areas of Specialization

• Construction• Environmental• Geotechnical• Structures• Transportation• Water Resources

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Transportation Cost

• Total Government Revenues (2001) $125 Billion

• Total Government Expenditures (2001)

$183 Billion

From the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, National Transportation Statistics 2006

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Environmental Cost

• Transportation contributes about 15-25% of US GHG emissions

• Approximately 40% of PM10 emissions in Seattle

• 50-60% NOx emissions

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Transportation Engineering

• The science of safe and efficient movement of people and goods

• How does global trade play into this?

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• Florida’s Natural Orange Juice

• http://video.aol.com/video-detail/floridas-natural-just-says-no-to-imported-oranges-advertisement/671132094

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Where do you think your shirt was made?• How many of them were made in the

US?• How did it get here? Container ship• How long did it take? About a week• How much did it cost? $.25 a shirt

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Why?

• Because that is where they grow cotton?• Because we don’t have the

manufacturing capability to make shirts in the US?

• Because labor is comparatively expensive in the US?

• Because global transportation is cheap!• Because the US has developed an

efficient system for importing and distributing goods.

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How did this happen?

• This is the result of investments in transportation infrastructure in the mid-20th century and the deregulation of transportation rates which occurred in the mid to late 20th century

• US technological innovations such as the container and double-stack trains

• Until recently we’ve had an incredibly inexpensive and efficient freight transportation system

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This has ENABLED globalization

• The United States exports and imports about one-fourth of global merchandise trade in value annually (over $2 trillion in 2000).

• By the year 2020 U.S. foreign trade in goods may grow to four times today's value and almost double its current tonnage.

• Are we paying the real cost?

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Transportation Engineering

• The science of safe and efficient movement of people and goods

• How does global trade play into this?

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If you build it….

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They will come….

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• Have you been to Vancouver for the weekend?

• What is the longest commute distance in the room?

Elasticity of demand

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Globalization

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Challenges to sustainability

Economic Growth:•Increase in industrial activities•Increase in personal income

•Increase in consumption

Transport Impacts:•Growth in trip rates

•Motorization•Change in mode share

•Urban expansion

Transport Services:•Facilitate movement of goods

and services•Improve access to work,

education, etc.

Economic and Environmental Impacts:

•Emissions (Conventional +GHG)•Congestion•Collisions•Noise, etc.

EnablesCreates

ProducesInhibits

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Why is this an interesting thing to study? Complexity.• Air pollution/GHG• Economic activity• Globalization• Safety• Security• Infrastructure condition• Distribution of benefits• Congestion• Relationship to land-use• Business operations• Future trends

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Air Quality Concerns

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Deaths from Urban Air Pollution, 2000

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Development of the Container

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Containerized trade is BOOMING

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5,000,000

10,000,000

15,000,000

20,000,000

25,000,000

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35,000,000

40,000,000

45,000,000

1980

1981

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1991

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2004

Year

TE

Us

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Growth in the volume of world merchandise trade

-2

0

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12

1996 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 2006

GDP

Merchandise exports

Average export growth 1996-06

Average GDP growth

1996-06

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World Merchandise Exports and GDP

Total

Manufactures

GDP

100

1000

10000

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

500

2500

5000

250

Average grow th rates, 1950-2005

Total exports 6.2 Manufactures 7.5 GDP 3.8

Semi-log scale

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World exports and GDP

0

5000

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25000

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1870 1913 1950 1998 2005

bil

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90 d

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Exports

GDP

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Transport Growth in Selected Developing Countries

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Share of Total Road Related Deaths by Category of User

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Security

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Infrastructure Condition

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U.S. Interstate Highway Condition

From the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, National Transportation Statistics 2005

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Poor Mediocre Fair Good Very good

Rating

Per

cent

age

1992

2003

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Clean Trucks Program

http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-trucks21jan21,0,2673139.story?coll=la-ho me-center

http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-trucks21jan21,0,2673139.story?coll=la-home-center



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Increasing congestion on freight corridors and in urban areas

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Increasing congestion on freight corridors and in urban areas

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Why is this an interesting thing to study? Complexity.• Air pollution/GHG• Economic activity• Globalization• Safety• Security• Infrastructure condition• Distribution of benefits• Congestion• Urban density• Relationship to land-use• Business operations• Future trends

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Urban Density

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Changing business practices

• Outsourcing of supply• Internet commerce• Tighter management of the supply

chain• Inventory risk pooling, warehouse

consolidation• Success of very large importers• Just in time operation• Productivity improvements

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Reliability

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Consequences

• Congestion wastes expensive capacity, lengthens shipment times

• Delays reduce shipment reliability, disrupt delivery schedules

• Pressure for continued expansion of public infrastructure

• Businesses adapt in inefficient ways– Outlying locations, longer shipments– Larger inventories, bigger fleets

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Infrastructure development is not the only answer

congestion

Provide more infrastructure

Ease congestion, allow for higher speeds, encourage more driving

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The Transportation Engineering Challenge• To safely and efficiently move people

and goods• Not just by designing and building the

transportation infrastructure, but by managing the infrastructure and demand for the infrastructure

• Design a transportation system that is sustainable

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Intelligent Transportation Systems• Our ability to do this has developed

dramatically with electronic sensors and communication– Quantify congestion and compare

congestion costs to rationalize investment– Use cost to distribute capacity rather than

delay– Automatically detect and avoid dangers– Improve security– Operate more efficiently

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Concerns for the future

• Is the transportation system economically sustainable?

• How much fuel is consumed by the transportation industry, and what kind of fuel?

• What is the impact on the environment?

• How do we cope with immense financial cost of maintaining and developing our infrastructure?

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Passenger Transportation Successes• Through the development of technology we

have cleaned up passenger vehicles• In some areas the exhaust is cleaner than

the ambient air!• Passenger-miles of travel in the United

States totaled an estimated 5.0 trillion in 2002, or about 17,000 miles for every man, woman, and child

• Over the decade 1992 to 2002, pmt increased 27 percent

• The only time PMT has ever decreased is during the fuel crisis of the 1970s

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Effort is now focused on freight transportation• Replace locomotive fleet• Improve quality of diesel fuels used• Cold-ironing• Incentives to upgrade drayage fleet• Increase terminal efficiencies• Speed restrictions on maritime vessels in

port• Advanced pollution technologies• Improving road network for freight traffic• Improved tracking, introduced appointment

times to reduce wait times• Reducing fuel cost and VMT should increase

productivity and efficiency

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The future of transportation

• Areas like the Puget Sound carry more burden than other areas yet transportation projects are linked to economic development

• Desire of developing nations to reach the industrialized status of the North

• Inequities caused by pricing transportation by usage and increased transportation cost

• Funding future transportation projects

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Undergraduate Transportation at UW• CEE 320 Transportation Engineering I (3)

Study of vehicular transportation fundamentals including geometric design, pavement design, traffic flow concepts, level of service analysis, intelligent transportation systems, travel demand prediction methods, and management of transportation systems. Includes a review of relevant vehicle operating characteristics.

• CEE 410 Traffic Engineering Fundamentals (3) General review of the fundamentals of traffic engineering, including their relationship to transportation operations management and planning, with emphasis on calculations and procedures in the Highway Capacity Manual; field surveys and data analysis. Prerequisite: CEE 320.

• CEE 412 Transportation Data Management (3) Introduction to modern concepts, theories, and tools for transportation data management and analysis. Applications of software tools for transportation data storage, information retrieval, knowledge discovery, data exchange, on-line information sharing, statistical analysis, system optimization, and decision support.

• CEE 416 Urban Transportation Planning and Design (3) Brief review of major issues in urban transportation planning. Planning process discussed and transportation models introduced. Uses a systems framework, including goals and objectives, evaluation, implementation, and monitoring. A design term project, individual or small groups, utilizes material presented on a contemporary problem. Prerequisite: CEE 320. Offered: A.

• CEE 441 Transportation and Construction Capstone (4) Comprehensive design project focusing on planning, design and construction of transportation project such as highways, transit, and airports. Prerequisite: CEE 320; CEE 440, which may be taken concurrently.

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Questions?

1 CEE Areas of Specialization Construction Environmental Geotechnical Structures Transportation Water Resources.

Documents

globalization slide

shirt slide

nox emissions slide

elasticity of demand

global transportation

transportation infrastructure

movement of goods

us ghg emissions