1 By Mr. Becker By Mr. Becker American Revivalism & Reform.

1

By

Mr. Becker

By

Mr. Becker

AmericanRevivalism

&Reform

AmericanRevivalism

&Reform

2

1. The Second GreatAwakening

1. The Second GreatAwakening

“Spiritual Reform From Within”[Religious organizations started to see problems in

the American Society]

Social Reforms & Redefining the Ideal of Equality

Asylum &Prison Reform

Education

Women’s Rights

Abolitionism

Temperance

3

2.Penitentiary ReformPrisons are not safe for the criminals

2.Penitentiary ReformPrisons are not safe for the criminals

Dorothea Dix(1802-1887)

Dorothea was concerned about the unhealthy conditions in prisons and the treatment of the Mentally Ill.

4

Helping the Mentally ILL• U.S. reformer Dorothea

Dix observed that mentally ill people in Massachusetts, both men and women of all ages, were incarcerated with criminals and left unclothed and in darkness and without heat or bathrooms. Many were chained and beaten.

5

Dorothea Dix Asylum - 1849

Dorothea Dix Asylum - 1849

Over 100 new hospitals for the mentally ill were created.

6

3. Temperance Movement3. Temperance Movement

Lyman BeecherThe Beecher Family

1826 - American Temperance Society

fight against “Demon Rum”!

7

Ideas behind the Movement.

• Reformers believed alcohol abuse led to social problems such as family violence, poverty, and criminal behavior.

• The Temperance Movement was aimed at stopping people from drinking hard liquor and limiting the consumption of beer and wine.

The next slide show how alcohol changes a person.

8

“The Drunkard’s Progress”

“The Drunkard’s Progress”

From the first glass to the grave, 1846

Tried to educate people about the evils of alcohol abuse.

9

4. Educational Reform4. Educational Reform

e Massachusetts always on the forefront of

public educational reform * 1st state to establish tax support for local public schools.e By 1860 every state offered free public

education to whites.

10

“Father of American Education”

Horace Mann (1796 - 1859)

Horace Mann (1796 - 1859)

e Started the Common-School Movement

e discouraged corporal punishment

e established state teacher- training programs

11

5. Women Educators5. Women Educatorse Troy, NY Female

Seminarye curriculum: math, physics, history, geography.e train female teachers

Emma Willard(1787-1870)

Mary Lyon(1797-1849)

e 1837 she established Mt. Holyoke [So. Hadley, MA] as the first college for women.

Catherine Beecher(1811-1896)

12

6. Education for People

with Disabilities

Worked to improve the education for the visually impaired.

Founded the Perkins Institute for the Blind.

Founded the first institution to educate the Hearing Impaired.Founded “Hartford School for the Deaf.”Now known as the “American School for the Deaf.”

Samuel Gridley Howe

Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet

13

Early 19c WomenEarly 19c Women1. Unable to vote.2. Legal status of a minor.3. Single could own her own

property.4. Married no control over

herproperty or her children.

5. Could not initiate divorce.6. Couldn’t make wills, sign a

contract, or bring suit in court without her husband’s permission.

14

7. Women’s Rights7. Women’s Rights

Lucretia Mott Elizabeth Cady Stanton

1848 Seneca Falls Convention – 1st Organized meeting to discuss Women’s Rights in U.S.

Declaration of Sentiments – Stated the women deserved the same rights as men.

Susan B. Anthony

15

8. Abolitionist Movement

8. Abolitionist Movemente 1816 American Colonization

Society ewanted (gradual, voluntary, emancipation.)

When slaves were freed the Society shipped them back to Africa. The were sent to the newly created country of Liberia in Western Africa.

16

William Lloyd Garrison (1801-1879)

William Lloyd Garrison (1801-1879)

e Slavery undermined republican values.

e Immediate emancipation with NO compensation.

e Slavery was a moral issue,

Not an economic issue.

17

The LiberatorThe Liberator

Premiere issue January 1, 1831

18

Frederick Douglass (1817-1895)

Frederick Douglass (1817-1895)

1845 The Narrative of the Life Of Frederick Douglass1847 “The North Star”

19

Sojourner Truth (1787-1883)

or Isabella Baumfree

Sojourner Truth (1787-1883)

or Isabella BaumfreeIsabella changed her name

to reflect her life’s purpose of talking about

the evils of slavery.

Sojourner = TravelerSojourner Truth = Traveler Speaking the Truth

Sojourner met President Abraham Lincoln after the Civil War and discussed expanding rights for women and African Americans.

20

Harriet Tubman(1820-1913)Harriet Tubman(1820-1913)

e Helped over 300 slaves to freedom.

e $40,000 bounty on her head.

e Served as a Union spy during the Civil War.

“Moses”

21

Leading Escaping Slaves Along the Underground

Railroad

Leading Escaping Slaves Along the Underground

Railroad

22

The Underground Railroad

The Underground Railroad

23

The Underground Railroad

The Underground Railroade “Conductor” ==== leader of the

escape

e “Passengers” ==== escaping slaves

e “Tracks” ==== routes

e “Trains” ==== farm wagons transporting the escaping slaves

e “Depots / Stations” ==== safe houses to rest/sleep