1 BUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TODAY Chapter Two How ICT Works.

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BUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TODAY

Chapter Two

How ICT Works

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FOCUS QUESTION

• How does information and communication technology work?

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Anatomy of a Computer

• A computer is only capable of doing what the user tells it to do.

• The four functions of computers are1. input

2. processing

3. output

4. storage

• A computer must have1. hardware

2. software

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Functions—Input

• A computer collects data or instructions from the user via–keyboard–mouse or touchpad–stylus–touching a screen–microphone

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Functions—Storage

• The computer saves data or instructions in its memory for use during processing.

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Functions—Processing

• The computer interprets the data entered.• The computer adds, multiplies, divides,

finds, or manipulates data.• The computer then creates processed

information that the user can understand.

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Functions—Output

• The computer displays or produces processed information for the user via–something that you see (screen)–something that you hear (ding)–something that you command the printer to

print

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Work

• Go to site and do:–Humans as Computers–Review it worksheet

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• Bits, Bytes, and Binary Numbers

Bits and bytes are small pieces of computerized data that communicate commands to a computer’s CPU:

A bit is either a 1 or a 0 (binary digits).

A byte contains eight bits.

Each letter in the English language is represented by one byte.

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What is Hardware?

• “Hardware” is any part of a computer that you can touch.

• There are two kinds of hardware:1. internal

2. external

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Internal Hardware

• Power enters computer through power cord.

• Electricity travels through motherboard, where all components are attached.

• Electricity travels to the central processing unit (CPU), also called the microprocessor.

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How Does My Computer Work?The “brain” of a computer is the central processing unit (CPU). When the CPU receives and carries out an instruction, it has completed one cycle.

Computer’s speed = number of cycles completed in one second

Cycles are measured in:Megahertz (MHz) = millions of cycles per secondGigahertz (GHz) = billions of cycles per second

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How CPUs Work

• The CPU is the brain of the computer.• The CPU performs four tasks:

1. fetch

2. decode

3. execute

4. store

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Internal Hardware(continued)

• The cache holds instructions that are accessed frequently.

• There are two kinds of cache:1. internal or L1 – first place that the CPU looks

2. external or L2 – second place that the CPU looks

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Internal Hardware(continued)

• Expansion slots can hold expansion cards such as a sound card or modem.

• Bus is a series of conductor wires that transport data between internal hardware.–Wider bus widths result in more data being

transported at faster speeds.

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Internal Hardware(continued)

• Drive bays hold disk drives such as hard drive and DVD drive.

• Memory chips are also attached to the motherboard.–ROM – Read Only Memory

• also called the system BIOS• houses information such as instructions for start-up• store data even when the computer is turned off

–RAM – Random Access Memory• temporary• works when you start up and use computer software• only stores information when the computer is on

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Computer Storage

• The type of storage device used depends on–the type of information being stored–how much information being stored

• Examples of storage options include–hard drive–floppy disk–CD-R or CD-RW–DVD+/-R or DVD+/-RW–online storage–external hard drive–USB Flash drive

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Work

• Complete worksheets - Identify Hardware Basics and Keyboard Keys

• Go to website - under chapter 2 - REVIEW IT sheet - you will have to make your own tables in the word processor

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