BATUAN BATUAN DAN DAN TEKTONIK LEMPENG TEKTONIK LEMPENG
BATUAN BATUAN DANDAN
TEKTONIK LEMPENGTEKTONIK LEMPENG
ROCKS ROCKS (BATUAN)(BATUAN)
Rocks are aggregates of Rocks are aggregates of oneone or or moremore minerals minerals
Rocks are classified on the basis Rocks are classified on the basis of of how they formhow they form
3 major classes of rocks3 major classes of rocks
Igneous rocksIgneous rocks Sedimentary rocksSedimentary rocks Metamorphic rocksMetamorphic rocks
4
1_11
Melting
Heat andpressure(metamorphism)
Heat andpressure(metamorphism)
SEDIMENTARY ROCK
METAMORPHICROCK
IGNEOUSROCK
Cementation and compaction
Weathering, transport, and deposition
Sediment
Magma(molten rock)
Cooling andSolidification(crystallization)
Weathering,transport, anddeposition
Rock CycleEach type can be formed from any other
WHERE DO MAGMAS FORM?WHERE DO MAGMAS FORM?
Basaltic Magmas form Basaltic Magmas form
1.1. Where crustal plates are Where crustal plates are rifting rifting apartapart
2.2. Where Where oceanic crust is being oceanic crust is being subductedsubducted
3.3. Above mantle plume Above mantle plume hot spotshot spots
TOPOGRAFI BENUA DAN SAMODRA
AMERIKASELATAN
AFRIKA
CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARYCONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY
DIVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARYDIVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY
BUSUR KEPULAUANBUSUR KEPULAUAN
Convergent plate boundaries
TEPIAN BENUA AKTIFTEPIAN BENUA AKTIF
Convergent plate boundaries
Divergent plate boundaries
Mantle:Mantle:Peridotite (ultramafic)Peridotite (ultramafic)
UpperUpper to 410 km (olivine to 410 km (olivine spinel) spinel) Low Velocity Layer 60-220 kmLow Velocity Layer 60-220 km
Transition ZoneTransition Zone as velocity increases ~ rapidlyas velocity increases ~ rapidly 660 spinel 660 spinel perovskite-type perovskite-type
Lower MantleLower Mantle has more gradual has more gradual velocity increasevelocity increase
Core:Core: Fe-Ni metallic alloyFe-Ni metallic alloy
Outer Core is liquidOuter Core is liquid No S-wavesNo S-waves
Inner Core is solidInner Core is solid
PERGERAKAN LEMPENG
Where Magmas FormWhere Magmas Form
Riftings Subduction zones Hot spots
Animation of Tectonic Settings and Volcanic ActivityAnimation of Tectonic Settings and Volcanic Activity