1 Automotive Engines. 2 Engine Construction Block Top End Bottom End Front End Rear Valve Train.

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Automotive EnginesAutomotive Engines

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Engine ConstructionEngine Construction

• BlockBlock• Top EndTop End• Bottom EndBottom End• Front EndFront End• RearRear• Valve TrainValve Train

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Engine Block Mfg.Engine Block Mfg.

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MachiningMachining

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Casting MarksCasting Marks

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ENGINE CLASSIFICATIONENGINE CLASSIFICATION

• Operational CyclesOperational Cycles• Number of CylindersNumber of Cylinders• Cylinder Cylinder

ArrangementArrangement• Valve Train TypesValve Train Types• Ignition SystemIgnition System• Cooling SystemCooling System• Fuel TypeFuel Type

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Engine related termsEngine related terms

• BoreBore• StrokeStroke• DisplacementDisplacement• Compression RatioCompression Ratio• SquareSquare• Combustion ChamberCombustion Chamber• TDCTDC• BDCBDC

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Compression RatioCompression Ratio

• Volume atVolume at– BDCBDC– ::

• Volume atVolume at– TDC TDC

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DisplacementDisplacement

• π x rπ x r2 X StrokeX Stroke

• OROR

• (Bore(Bore2 X π X stroke) X π X stroke)• 44

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DisplacementDisplacement

• π x rπ x r2 X StrokeX Stroke

• (X # of cylinders)(X # of cylinders)• OROR

• (Bore(Bore2 X π X stroke) X π X stroke)• 44

• X (# of cylinders)X (# of cylinders)

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DisplacementDisplacement

• MetricMetric– LitersLiters– Cubic CentimetersCubic Centimeters

• StandardStandard– ININ33

• ConversionConversion• Metric to IN3Metric to IN3

– Liters X 62Liters X 62

• ININ33 to L to L– ININ33 /62 /62

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Cylinder partsCylinder parts

• PistonPiston– StrokeStroke– DiameterDiameter

• CrankshaftCrankshaft– ThrowThrow– PinsPins

• CylinderCylinder– BoreBore– SquareSquare

• Connecting RodConnecting Rod

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Operational CyclesOperational Cycles

• 2 Stroke2 Stroke• 4 Stroke4 Stroke• RotaryRotary

– WankelWankel

• IntakeIntake• Compression Compression • Power Power • ExhaustExhaust

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NUMBER of CylindersNUMBER of Cylinders

• 33• 44• 66• 88• 1010• 1212• 1616

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Cylinder ArrangementsCylinder Arrangements

• VV• InlineInline• Horizontally Horizontally

OpposedOpposed• SlantSlant• RotaryRotary

•

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IGNITIONIGNITION

• SparkSpark• Heat/CompressionHeat/Compression

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COOLING SYSTEMSCOOLING SYSTEMS

• AirAir• LiquidLiquid

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4-Stroke Gasoline Engines4-Stroke Gasoline Engines

• IntakeIntake• CompressionCompression• PowerPower• ExhaustExhausthttp://www.howstuffworks.com/engine1.htmhttp://www.howstuffworks.com/engine1.htm

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INTAKEINTAKE

• Intake Valve Intake Valve OpenOpen– Cam ShaftCam Shaft

• Air Fuel Charge Air Fuel Charge EntersEnters

• Piston Travels Piston Travels Down in Down in CylinderCylinder

• TDC-BDCTDC-BDC

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COMPRESSION STROKECOMPRESSION STROKE

• Valves ClosedValves Closed• Piston UpwardPiston Upward• Compression Compression

of Air-Fuel of Air-Fuel MixtureMixture

• Make Charge Make Charge VolatileVolatile

• BDC-TDCBDC-TDC

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POWER STROKEPOWER STROKE

• SPARKSPARK• ExplosionExplosion• Both Valves Both Valves

ClosedClosed• Piston Pushed Piston Pushed

DownDown• Turns Turns

CrankshaftCrankshaft• TDC-BDCTDC-BDC

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EXHAUST STROKEEXHAUST STROKE

• Exhaust Valve Exhaust Valve openopen

• Burnt air/fuel Burnt air/fuel Mixture EvacuatedMixture Evacuated

• Piston Travels Piston Travels UpwardUpward

• BDC-TDCBDC-TDC

• Start 4 strokes Start 4 strokes againagain

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2 Stroke2 Stroke

• Intake and Exhaust Intake and Exhaust togethertogether

• Compression and Compression and Intake togetherIntake together

• Oil/Gas mixedOil/Gas mixed• No oil in oil panNo oil in oil pan• Works at any angleWorks at any angle • http://www.howstuffworks.com/two-strohttp://www.howstuffworks.com/two-stro

ke2.htmke2.htm

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CHARACTERISTICS of CHARACTERISTICS of 4 Stroke Engine Design4 Stroke Engine Design

• In-Line In-Line • V-Type V-Type • Slant Cylinder Slant Cylinder

Opposed CylinderOpposed Cylinder• Valve and Cam Shaft Valve and Cam Shaft

PlacementPlacement• Valve ArrangementsValve Arrangements• Valve OperationValve Operation• Engine LocationEngine Location

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INLINE ENGINEINLINE ENGINE

http://www.howstuffworks.com/engine-inline.htm

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V-TYPE ENGINESV-TYPE ENGINES

http://www.howstuffworks.com/engine-inline.htm

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15˚ V15˚ V

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SLANT CYLINDERSLANT CYLINDER

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OPPOSED CYLINDEROPPOSED CYLINDER

http://www.howstuffworks.com/engine-flat.htm

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W W

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ENGINE LOCATIONENGINE LOCATION

• Front EngineFront Engine• Rear EngineRear Engine• Mid-EngineMid-Engine