1 Assignment 3: Micro Teaching Digital Presentation (Microsoft Power Point) Mabell J. Martinez ETEC 546 The purpose of this assignment is that each scholar to develop a micro teaching digital presentation (Microsoft PowerPoint) in order to maintain a productive learning environment, everyone who teaches needs to know how to lecture using presentation software. Such software can add a great deal to the effectiveness of a lecture and teaching.
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1 Assignment 3: Micro Teaching Digital Presentation (Microsoft Power Point) Mabell J. Martinez ETEC 546 The purpose of this assignment is that each scholar.
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Assignment 3:Micro Teaching Digital
Presentation(Microsoft Power Point)
Mabell J. MartinezETEC 546
The purpose of this assignment is that each scholar to develop a micro teaching digital presentation (Microsoft PowerPoint) in order to maintain a productive learning environment, everyone who teaches needs to know how to lecture using presentation software. Such software can add a great deal to the effectiveness of a lecture and teaching.
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The Immune The Immune SystemSystem
ByBy
Mabell J. MartinezMabell J. Martinez
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Involves WBC’s (Leukocytes)
Granular and Agranular cells
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White Blood CellsWhite Blood Cells
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Neutrophil Eosinoph
il
Basophil
GRANULAR
Phagocytize bacteria
Increase in number during allergic reaction
Release histamine when stimulated; help prevent blood clots
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MonocyteMonocyte LymphocyteLymphocyteAGRANULAR
Produce antibodies, attack viruses & bacteria directly
Largest WBC’s; enlarge and become macrophages that engulf bacteria
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Two Types of Defense Two Types of Defense MechanismsMechanisms
1.1.NonspecificNonspecific– provides general protection provides general protection
against pathogens (disease against pathogens (disease causing microorganisms causing microorganisms including fungi, bacteria, including fungi, bacteria, protozoa, viruses); act rapidlyprotozoa, viruses); act rapidly Ex.barriers: skin, mucous liningsEx.barriers: skin, mucous linings
– Lymphocytes called B cells Lymphocytes called B cells mature into plasma cells that mature into plasma cells that produce antibodiesproduce antibodies
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Cell Mediated ImmunityCell Mediated Immunity
Depend on Lymphocytes Depend on Lymphocytes and Phagocytes and Phagocytes (include (include neutrophils and macrophages)neutrophils and macrophages)
Three types of lymphocytes:Three types of lymphocytes:1.1. T CellsT Cells
2.2. B CellsB Cells
3.3. NK cells (natural killer)NK cells (natural killer)
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Made from stem cells in bone Made from stem cells in bone marrowmarrow
Stop at thymus gland for Stop at thymus gland for processing and are now processing and are now capable of immunological capable of immunological responseresponse
Cell Mediated Immunity:Cell Mediated Immunity: T cells T cells
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T Cells include: T Cells include: 1.1. CD8 cellsCD8 cells
cytoxic T cells (Tcytoxic T cells (Tcc)- recognize, )- recognize, destroy cells with foreign destroy cells with foreign antigens on their surfacesantigens on their surfaces
suppressor T cells (Tsuppressor T cells (Tss)- release )- release cytokines that inhibit activity of cytokines that inhibit activity of other T cells and B cellsother T cells and B cells
Cell Mediated Immunity:Cell Mediated Immunity: T cells cont’d T cells cont’d
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Cytotoxic T cell
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Cell Mediated Immunity:Cell Mediated Immunity: T cells cont’d T cells cont’d
T Cells include:T Cells include:1.1. CD4 cells (helper T cells)- secrete CD4 cells (helper T cells)- secrete
substances that activate/enhance substances that activate/enhance immune responseimmune response
2.2. We have 500+ perWe have 500+ per
drop of blooddrop of blood
Human T Human T lymphocytelymphocyte
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HIV Attacks CD4 CellsHIV Attacks CD4 Cells HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
attaches to CD4 receptors and attaches to CD4 receptors and destroys helper T cellsdestroys helper T cells
Over time T cells decrease in numberOver time T cells decrease in number Therefore, T cells’ ability to resist Therefore, T cells’ ability to resist
infection is loweredinfection is lowered Less than 200 T cells per drop of Less than 200 T cells per drop of
blood and/or infections and cancers= blood and/or infections and cancers= AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)Syndrome)
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HIV virus attacking T cellHIV virus attacking T cell
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HIV VirusHIV Virus
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HIV infected T cellsHIV infected T cells
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Made and mature in bone marrowMade and mature in bone marrowCarry receptors needed to bind Carry receptors needed to bind
with a specific type of antigenwith a specific type of antigenWhen it binds to antigen, it When it binds to antigen, it
divides and develop into plasma divides and develop into plasma cells that secrete antibodiescells that secrete antibodies
Cell Mediated Immunity:Cell Mediated Immunity: B cells B cells
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Large, granular lymphocytesLarge, granular lymphocytesMade in bone marrow and Made in bone marrow and
differentiate outside thymusdifferentiate outside thymusKill target cells by Kill target cells by
nonspecific/specific processesnonspecific/specific processesDestroy by puncturing cell Destroy by puncturing cell
membranemembraneDo not require antigen Do not require antigen
presentationpresentation
Cell Mediated Immunity:Cell Mediated Immunity: NK cells NK cells
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Natural Killer CellsNatural Killer Cells
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Phagocytes:MacrophagesPhagocytes:Macrophages
Digests most of bacterial Digests most of bacterial antigens and antigens displayed antigens and antigens displayed on surface of macrophageon surface of macrophage
An antigen presenting cell (APC) An antigen presenting cell (APC) because it displays bacterial because it displays bacterial antigens and its own surface antigens and its own surface proteinsproteins
Important in nonspecific and Important in nonspecific and specific defense responsesspecific defense responses
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Macrophage attacking E. Macrophage attacking E. colicoli
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Ability to Recognize Self Ability to Recognize Self Depends on:Depends on:
In humans: HLA (human In humans: HLA (human leukocyte antigen group)leukocyte antigen group)
These are membrane proteins These are membrane proteins with so many combinations that with so many combinations that only identical twins are likely to only identical twins are likely to have same MHC proteinshave same MHC proteins
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MHC classesMHC classes Class I antigens- found on most Class I antigens- found on most
nucleated cells and important in nucleated cells and important in distinguishing self and nonselfdistinguishing self and nonself
Class II- antigens found only on Class II- antigens found only on immune system cellsimmune system cells– They regulate interactions among T, B, They regulate interactions among T, B,
and antigen-presenting cellsand antigen-presenting cells– Bind with peptides Bind with peptides
Class III- include components of Class III- include components of complement systemcomplement system
B cells can produce specific B cells can produce specific antibodiesantibodies
Antibodies (Immunoglobulins: Ig) Antibodies (Immunoglobulins: Ig) are specific proteins that respond are specific proteins that respond to antigensto antigens– They do not destroy antigen, just They do not destroy antigen, just
label it for destructionlabel it for destruction
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AntibodyAntibody
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Five Classes of AntibodiesFive Classes of Antibodies
IgG- 75% of antibodiesIgG- 75% of antibodies IgM- both IgG and IgM stimulate IgM- both IgG and IgM stimulate
macrophages and activate the macrophages and activate the complement systemcomplement system
IgA- present in mucus, tears, IgA- present in mucus, tears, saliva, milk, prevents viruses and saliva, milk, prevents viruses and bacteria from attaching to bacteria from attaching to epithelial surfacesepithelial surfaces
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IgD- low concentration in IgD- low concentration in plasma; helps activate B cells plasma; helps activate B cells following antigen bindingfollowing antigen binding
IgE- releases histamine when IgE- releases histamine when antigen binds to it; immunity to antigen binds to it; immunity to invading parasitic wormsinvading parasitic worms
Five Classes of Antibodies Five Classes of Antibodies cont’dcont’d
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ABO Blood GroupsABO Blood Groups
IIAAIIAA, I, IAAiiOO= Blood type A that has = Blood type A that has antigen A, antibody against type antigen A, antibody against type B B
IIBBIIBB, I, IBBiiOO= Blood type B that has = Blood type B that has antigen B, antibody Aantigen B, antibody A
IIAAIIBB= Blood type AB that has = Blood type AB that has antigen A & B and no antibodiesantigen A & B and no antibodies
iiOOiiOO=Blood type O, no antigens, =Blood type O, no antigens, A & antibodiesA & antibodies
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ABO Blood GroupsABO Blood Groups
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Type O: No clumping in blood drops A or B
Type A: Clumping in blood drop A with anti-A antibodies
Type B: Clumping in blood drop B with anti-B antibodies
Type AB: Clumping in both blood drops A and B
Testing ABO Blood TypesTesting ABO Blood Types
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ImmunityImmunity(Two Types)(Two Types)
ActiveActive– developed after exposure to developed after exposure to
antigensantigens– Naturally such as after Naturally such as after
contracting diseasecontracting disease– Artificially through immunizationArtificially through immunization– Develops memory cells and Develops memory cells and
immunity lasts many yearsimmunity lasts many years
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ImmunityImmunity(Two Types)(Two Types)
PassivePassive– Individual given antibodies Individual given antibodies
actively produced by another actively produced by another organismorganism
– Does not produce memory cellsDoes not produce memory cells– Immunity lasts only a few Immunity lasts only a few
months; temporarymonths; temporary
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ReferenceReference
Solomon, E.P., Berg, L.R, Martin, Solomon, E.P., Berg, L.R, Martin, D.W., and Villee, C. 1996. D.W., and Villee, C. 1996. Biology 4Biology 4thth EdEd. Saunders College Publishing, FL.. Saunders College Publishing, FL.
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Immune System QUIZ!!Immune System QUIZ!! What are the two types defense What are the two types defense
mechanisms?mechanisms?– SpecificSpecific (s (specifically made to attack pecifically made to attack
antigens antigens and and nonspecificnonspecific ( (provides provides general protection against general protection against pathogens)pathogens)
What are the two types of SPECIFIC What are the two types of SPECIFIC defense mechanisms and what are defense mechanisms and what are major cells involved?major cells involved?– Cell mediated (T cells) & antibody Cell mediated (T cells) & antibody
mediated (B cells)mediated (B cells)
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Quiz ContinuedQuiz Continued
What are the three types of What are the three types of lymphocytes used in cell-mediated lymphocytes used in cell-mediated immunity?immunity?1.1.T CellsT Cells2.2.B CellsB Cells3.3.NK cells (natural killer)NK cells (natural killer)
Does blood type A contain antibodies Does blood type A contain antibodies against type A?against type A?– No, blood type A that has antigen A; No, blood type A that has antigen A;
antibody against type Bantibody against type B
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Last of Quiz QuestionsLast of Quiz Questions
Explain the process of blood Explain the process of blood typing using the antibodies A typing using the antibodies A and B. How does one know and B. How does one know what blood type they are?what blood type they are?
Name and describe the two Name and describe the two types of immunity.types of immunity.
– Passive, activePassive, active
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ETEC 546 CA 3 CRITERIA ASSIGNED POINTS
Media enhances presentation (text, graphics, images, and sound) X 10
Substance and quality of presentation (depth of video, technical analysis, overall effort, etc.) X 20
Style, design, layout, uniqueness, etc. X 10
Includes at least ten different slides in presentation X 20
Type with substance and quality of thought (depth of discussion, critical analysis, etc.) X 20
Grammar and Style (correct punctuation, grammar, appropriateness, etc.) X 10
Overall quality (text, color, and background are pleasing) X 10