1 Applied phytobiology Department suy ngÉm VÒ Kü THUËT KÝCH C¶M T¹O TRÇM §Æc thï gi¶i phÉu häc cña gç Dã TrÇm Kinh nghiÖm cña Th¸i lan Thµnh phÇn hãa häc.

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Applied phytobiology Department

suy ngÉm VÒ Kü THUËT KÝCH C¶M T¹O TRÇM

• §Æc thï gi¶i phÉu häc cña gç Dã TrÇm • Kinh nghiÖm cña Th¸i lan • Thµnh phÇn hãa häc cña thµnh phÈm kÝch c¶m

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M« gç (xylem), libe (phloem), tÇng sinh gç (cambium)

§èi víi gç (nãi chung)

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M« gç (xylem) libe (phloem)

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Chøc n¨ng chÝnh cña m« gç (xylem)

ChuyÓn vËn n íc, ion vµ chÊt kho¸ng tõ rÔ lªn trªn

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Chøc n¨ng chÝnh cña libe (phloem)

ChuyÓn vËn ® êng vµ dÞch d ìng ®Õn çc bé phËn cña c©y

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Chøc n¨ng chÝnh cña vascular cambium

Ph©n sinh t¹o çc m« gç vµ m« libe, c©y ph¸t triÓn

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ë c©y dã trÇm m¹ch m« gå vµ m¹ch libe “gÆp nhau” ?

Trong gç th êng, m« gç cã çc lo¹i tÕ bµo chÝnh: tÕ bµo èng hay no·n bµo (tracheid) vµ tÕ bµo m¹ch (vessel), nhu bµo (parenchyma) kh«ng cã tÕ bµo libe.

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Aquilaria has a unique anatomy, and one who wishes to induce agarwood in young trees must understand its anatomy. Unlike most trees in the Angiospemae that produce phloem cells external to the xylem (growing out from the circumference of the cambium), Aquilaria produces bundles of phloem cells throughout the xylem as well as in a layer external to the xylem. This means that the xylem (consisting of vessels, fibers and parenchyma cells) also contains groups of phloem cells called included phloem

United States Patent 6848211

(Blanchette R. A. 1992. Anatomical responses of xylem to injury and invasion by fungi. In: Defense Mechanisms of Woody Plants Against Fungi. Edited by R. A. Blanchette and A. R. Biggs. Springer-Verlag Berlin. Pp. 76-95)

Most trees close wounds by producing new cells at the edge of the wounded cambium. Aquilaria trees close wound from inside the xylem as well as externally.

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United States Patent 6848211

(Blanchette R. A. 1992. Anatomical responses of xylem to injury and invasion by fungi. In: Defense Mechanisms of Woody Plants Against Fungi. Edited by R. A. Blanchette and A. R. Biggs. Springer-Verlag Berlin. Pp. 76-95)

If artificial wounds are made into the xylem by boring into the tree, the included phloem present throughout the wounded site reacts and may produce new cambial cells. New wood formed from this new cambium will grow within the wounded xylem. The entire surface of the exposed xylem produces new cambial cells which in turn differentiate producing new wood cells.

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xf: tÕ bµo gç (xylem cell), i: tÕ bµo libe vïi (included-phloem cell), v: m¹ch gç (vessel), r: tia gç (xylem ray)

¶nh hiÓn vi ®iÖn tö cña m« gç dã trÇmKasetsart University, Department of Forestry

www.agarwoodinfo.com/webpage/agarwood%20formation.htm

Trong gç th êng:

Sù t¸ch biÖt gi÷a m« gç vµ m« libe

http://www.agarwoodinfo.com/webpage/agarwood%20formation.htm

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Çc t¸c nh©n kÝch c¶m ® îc thö nghiÖm

* Fungi growing in the wounded Aquilaria tree may cause agarwood formation: Phialophora parasitica, Torula sp., Aspergillus Phoenicis (Corda) Thom & Currie, Penicillium Citrinum Thom, Penicillium sp., Fusarium laterium, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium bulbiferum, Cladosporium sp., Epicoccum granulatum, Cylimndrocladium, Sphaeropsis sp., Botryodiplodia theobromae, Trichoderma sp., Phomopsis sp., Cunninghamella echinulata, Cytosphaera Manganiferae, Botryodyplodia spp., Diplodia spp., Chaetomium globosum, Pythium spp.,.…

(NÊm ghi mÇu ®á ®· ® îc thö nghiÖm thµnh c«ng bëi kü s §Æng Ngäc Ch©u, NÊm ghi mÇu xanh ® îc thö nghiÖm bëi 4 nhµ khoa häc Ên ®é vµ Hµ Lan)* Fungi isolated from fresh agarwood obtained from natural forests in Vietnam. Five different fungi, representing different species of Ascomyota and Deuteromycota and three different types of Basidiomycota obtained from Aquilaria trees in Vietnam (Blachette R. A.)

NÊm ký sinh c« lËp

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Çc t¸c nh©n kh¸cHãa chÊt: Methyl Jasmonate (C13H20O3, CAS# 39924-52-2), Chitosan, Formic acid, NaCl, Calcium carbonate, Cellobiose, Sodium bisulfate, Sodium bisulfite, Salicylic acid, Ferrous chloride, ….

sinh chÊt: Yeast extract, Nutrient media (Oat, Malt, Mycological Agar), sterile Aquilaria sawdust, Pheromone,….

m«I tr êng sèng: Th¶m thùc vËt, S©u bä,…

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Kinh nghiÖm Th¸i Lan – MiÒn B¾c Th¸i

Mr. Pheeraphan Wijitphan

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Kinh nghiÖm Th¸i Lan – MiÒn nam Th¸i

TØnh Rayon, Vïng c©y Aquilaria crassna Pierre

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Vïng c©y Aquilaria subintegra Ding Hou

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Vïng c©y Aquilaria subintegra Ding Hou

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Mét sè h×nh ¶nh t¹i viÖt nam

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No. Compound NameContent (%)

NI H

1 Pentadecenoic acid 6.8 0

2 Valerianol 3.0 0.1

3 Heptanoic acid 2.4 trace

4 Octanoic acid 2.1 0

5 10-epi-gamma-eudesmol 1.5 0

6 Tetradecanoic acid 7.1 6.9

7 Tridecanoic acid 0 3.2

8 Linoleic acid 0 3.4

9 Octadecanoic acid 1.0 4.1

10 Dodecanoic acid 2.5 3.1

11 Pentadecanoic acid 4.8 6.2

12 Hexadecanoic acid 20.0 31.5- NI stands for wood chips of Naturally Infected tree- H stands for wood chips of Healthy tree- Tree species: Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk.

COMPARISON BETWEEN INfected TREE AND HEALTHY TREE

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Agarospirol Gamma-Eudesmol Alpha-Eudesmol Beta-Eudesmol Guaiol

Dihydrokaranone Jinkohol Alpha-GurjueneJinkoheremol

MAJOR COMPOUNDS OF AGARWOOD OIL( SOURCE: AQUILARIA CRASSNA PIERRE ) – STRUCTURAL

FORMULA

Alpha-Agarofuran

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MAJOR COMPOUNDS OF AGARWOOD OIL( SOURCE: AQUILARIA MALACCENSIS LAMK. ) – STRUCTURAL

FORMULA

chromone,2-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl] chromone,2-(2-phenylethyl) oxo-agarospirol

Nootkatone Beta-Agarofuran Kusunol Jinkoheremol Agarospirol

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MAJOR COMPOUNDS OF AGARWOOD OIL( SOURCE: AQUILARIA FILARIA MERR. ) – STRUCTURAL

FORMULA

gamma-eudesmol alpha-eudesmol beta-eudesmol beta-selinene gamma-selinene

alpha-selinene Elemol alpha-Gurjuene Humulene Agarospirol

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ÇC CHÊT T¹O MïI §ÆC TR¦NG CñA TRÇM H¦¥NG

Theo kÕt qu¶ nghiªn cøu cña 2 nhµ khoa häc NhËt B¶n vµ 1 nhµ khoa häc Mü:* Tsukasa Nagashima & Toshio Yoshida, U.S. Patent No. 4,444,982 (1984) * J. C. Leffingwell, CHEMISTRY TODAY Vol 24 nr 4 pp. 36-38 (2006).

(+)-(1S,2S,5R,7R,8R)-Jinkohol II

(+)-(4aR,5S)-Karanone

(+)-(4aR,5S)-Dihydrokaranone

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THANK YOU

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1 Applied phytobiology Department suy ngÉm VÒ Kü THUËT KÝCH C¶M T¹O TRÇM §Æc thï gi¶i phÉu häc cña gç Dã TrÇm Kinh nghiÖm cña Th¸i lan Thµnh phÇn hãa häc.

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