1 ADMINISTRATIONopinions and facts correctly and accurately from
one person to another person or group of people.The primary
objectives of administration in any organisation is that of
coordinaIs a social process concerned with identifying ,
maintaining , motivating , controlling and unifying formally and
informally organisedhuman and material resources with an integnited
system , designed specifically to achieve predetermined objectives
.2 ADMINISTRATIONIs a formalized system which is intended to
controll , supervise , plan and make decisions about the various
activities of an organizationIt is the authoritative art of getting
things done .
3 It has to do with things done with the accomplishment of the
defined objectives
4 The capacity to co-ordinate
5 When two men co-operate to roll a stone that neither could
have moved alone and rudiments of administration have appeared .The
science of administration is thus the system of knowledge whereby
man may understand relationships , predict results and influence
outcomes in any situation where men are organized at work together
for a common purpose .WHY ADMINISTRATION1 Exists to implement the
decision of an organization .2 Influences the results to be
achieved, the direction to be persued, and the various priorities,
to be recognizedwith the organization.3 Determines in large
measure, the organization climate and working relationships.4 can
help to make employees more productive.5 Help to assemble and to
ensure effective use of resourses.6 Unifies and co-ordinates the
human and material, resources available for use in the
organization.7 Evaluetesthe quality and quantity of outcomes
actually accomplished8 Shapes to a large extent, the image and
prestige of the organization.9 Tries to build into the organization
provisions for innovation, for change and for development.WHAT DO
ADMINISTRATORS DO ?Lead, plan, make decisions, organize,
co-ordinate, motivate, communicate, budget, evaluate and
control.ISSUES FOR ADMINISTRATORS1Motivation The inner drive which
prompts people to act in a certain way.2 Communication Transmission
of infomation fromone place or person to anotherWHY MOTIVATION ?1 A
mediocre group if motivated can change into a highly productive
team.2 Provides guidance, encouragement and instruction.3 Brings
about high moral.4 If better motivated means no disputes or
problems among peoples staff.WHY COMMUNICATIONIs intended for
conveying information, instructions, advice, feeling, ting the
efforts of people towards the archievement of goals.WHO IS AN
ADMINISTRATOR1. Is regarded by some people as a dictator because he
must give orders and get things done quickly without questions.2. A
displinarian and a manager because the way he handles discipline.3.
An exercutive man of his organisation because of the way he is
making decisions and implementing its polices and programmes.4. To
other an administrator is a coordinator who has to organise
activities smoothly, and efficientlyHIS DESCRIPTION INCLUDEBoss"
Leader, head, director, adviser, problem solver.An administrator
can be described as an individual who directs the affairs of an
organisation in such a way as to archieve its primary goals and
objectives and who can get things done quickly and effectively. It
involves effective planning, organising, supervising, controlling
and evaluating.WHAT IS ADMINISTRATION1. The process of working with
and through others to accomplish organisational goals
efficiently.2. It is directing, coordinating, defining objectives,
evaluating perfomance, providing organisational resources,
planning, and building a supportive psychological climate.3. It is
a process of functions like planning, organising, leading and
controlling.From the definition given some common elements
emerge.Fisrt there must be an organisational structure in which
every member plays some role. Such an organisation must also have
someone at the top who must provide central leadership, coordinate
activities and make decisions.NEXT THERE MUST BE GOALS AND
PROCEDURESGoals and objectives of the organisation must be clearly
understood if the organisation is to fulfil its
functions.Administration in the church you find that all the
activities are directed towards the attainement of winning souls to
christ and all people contribute towards thsat
goal.ORGANISATIONMade up of any group of people united together to
pursue and accomplish a common purpose as one team.ELEMENTS OF
PROPER ADMINISTRATION IN AN ORGANISATION1. AIMS OF THE ORGANISATION
MUST CLEARLY SPELL OUTNo organisation can succeed unless its aims
are clearly stated.Aims give direction of purpose towards speciffic
ends.Aims also form the basis o f evaluating the organisations
degree of success.2. THERE IS NEED FOR DIVISION OF LABOUR AMONG
MEMBERS OR WORKERS
Different people must be given different jobs according to their
skills.People exercise their talents and abilities.3. THERE IS NEED
FOR A HIERACHY OF AUTHORITYWork in any organisation can not proceed
properly without some means of controlling, guiding, limiting and
managing various units.This calls for chain of authority or a
hierachy of authority.CHARACTERISTICS AND PRINCIPLES OF
ORGANISATION AND ADMINISTRATION.1. Proper organisation2. Defined
goals and purpose3. Definite structure and a system for providing
leadership4. Need for personal polices in an organisation5. Need
for proper coordination of functions, activities, interests and
assignments if the organisation is to perform its functions
properly and archieve aims.6. Members should have sense of
security7. The organisation to mantain some meassure of stability,
flexability its polices and programmes.8. Coorperation is most
essential for the efficiant running of an organisation Functioning
as an organic unit Working together9. Organisation should mantain
an effective machinery for planning and decission making.10. It
should develop an objective means of periodically evaluating its
own programmes and policies inorder to ascertain to what extent it
archieving its aims.MOTIVATION FACTORS IN AN ADMINISTRATION OF AN
ORGANISATION[a] Promotion appointments[b] Study tours in another
assembly[c] In service coursesPLANNING-Involves setting goals and
objectives for the district,province, nation etc and developing
bluepronts and strategies for their implementation.-It is a process
as well as a means of orienting the institution towards
goals.ORGANIZING-Involves bringing together human, finance and
physicai resources in the most effective way to accomplish
goals.-The process of determining the activities, to be performed
inorder to archieve the objectives.LEADING has to do with guiding
and supervising subbodinatesPlans of organisation are implemented
by people and people need to be motivated , expectation need to be
defined and communication channels need to be
mantained.COMMANDINGMake the members do their work.COORDINATEUnite
and corollate all activities.CONTROLLINGSee that everything is done
in accordance with the rules which have been laid down and the
instructins given.DIRECTINGThe continuous task of making decision
embodying them.When we direct,we motivate, influence,guide or
stimulate the actins of people towards the attainement of the
desired organisational objectives.Direction is part of
supervisionSupervision refers to the day to day relationships
between on executive ( overseer ) and his
subordnates(pastors)Coordination-The process of bringing related
activities together.ADMINISTRATIVE SKILLSAsuccessful administration
rests upon the three basic skills (1) Technical (2) Human (3)
Conceptual skills1. TECHNICAL SKILLS- An understanding of the
proficiency in the methods, process, procedures and techniques.It
includes knowledge of finance.2. HUMAN SKILLS- The ability to work
effectively and efficiently with others.It requires self
understanding, appreciation, empathy and consideration for
others.3. CONCEPTUAL SKILLS
THEORIES OF ADMINISTRATIONAdministration involves supervisors in
a leadership role on one hand and subordinates(people working under
the supervisers control)
1. THE CLASSICAL OGANISATIONAL THOUGHTIt has two aspects which
are the scintific management approach and Administrative management
approach.THE SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT APROACHThe programe include:(a)
A clearly defined daily task for every worker(b)Standardized
conditions and appliances used for the job to accomplish the
task(c) High pay for successSuccess means completing the task(d)
EXPERTISE-The task was accomplished by a very able and efficient
workerMembers has to be mined and developed so as to handle
difficult tasks- A good administrator should be kind sympathetic,
considerate, honest and impartial and cater for peoples
socialogical and phsychological needs.THE ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT
APROACH-Concentrates on the broad problem of departmental division
of work and co-odination..1. Reporting inform the superiors on what
is going on, thus includes keeping yourself and your subordinates
informed through records, research and inspection.2. Budgeting- All
that goes with budgetingin the form of public revenue`Accounting
control .CLASSICAL ORGANIZATION THEORY(1). TIME AND MOTION STUDIES-
Is a task carried out in a way that minimixes time and effort
required(2) DIVISION OF LABOUR AND SPECIALIZATIONEfficiency can be
attained by subdividing any operation into its basic components to
ensure workers perfomance(3). STANDARDIZATION OF TASKS Breaking
tasks into components parts allows for ? performance.(4) UNITY OF
COMMANDBy unity of command is meant that orders and instructions to
an employee should be given by one person or manager.Any
organization which lacks a specified unity of command is subject to
confusion and conflict in its administration.Command is subject to
confusionand conflict in its administration.To co-odinate the
organization decision making is centralized with responsibility
flowing from top to bottom.5 SPAN OF CONTROLL Unity of command and
co-odination is possible only if each superior subordinates to
direct.6 UNIQUENESS OF FUNCTION One department of an organization
should not duplicate the functions perfomed by another.Need for
co-odination
It means arranging the various activities of the organization in
such a way that the whole process flows smoothly without delay,
cillission or friction.It means that all the assemblies, areas or
sections are informed of what is going on ahead of time and
whenever changes of routine are going to occur.An obrubt
administrative change without properCo - odination can cause great
confusion.BASIC CONSIDERATION IN ADMINISTRATIONFor any organization
to succeed two points must be considered carefully.EFFICIENCY - The
maximization of profit or the satisfaction of
perfomance.Organizational efficiency is based on the proper
combination of the following factors.THE PERSONELL SLILL FACTORThe
employees of an organization must possessthe right attitude and
competent skills to enable them to get the work done.Efficiency of
work is a combinationof both skills and proper attitudes where the
employees are concerned. Inany organization there are several types
of workers categonized n respect of their atitudes towards work.(1)
THE LOYALISTSAre obedient towards authorityThey are always sure to
follow any instruction given by authority concerned.They are good
men for administration.Rarely say anything against the
organization.They aim at excellency always2. THE BARGAINERSThey
choose to discuss matters with the authority rather than go on
strike when things go wrong.They like their work but not to sit
idly and be explinted by the organization.They have a good attitde
towards their work.3. THE VEGETATORSThey simply report on duty to
put in the days work of ?Do not worry or care which way things go
far as work is concerned.Contribute little towards employees
welfare or towards new ideas for promoting the organization.They
are like vegetables waiting to be watered and pruned.They do not
take time to think of new ways of doing their job better.Are only
interested in getting their salaries at the end of the month4. THE
AGITATORSHas a negative attitude towards work.They are the
complainers.They may for example agitate against the leader.Are not
satisfied the way things are done.They do not come out in the open
and say what they want.They grumble and gossip against the
organisation and its administration.Their aim is to divide and
dilute the devotion of other workers.Can ruin the working morale of
other good workers and there fore lower their efficiency of
performance.5. THE REJECTERSMay go to the extent of staging a
strike.Rejecters are opposed to new ideas and techniques.They think
any new ideas and changes are a threat to their jobs and
positions.THE HUMAN RELATIONS APPROACHThis is an interaction
between people in all kinds of situations in which they seek
through mutal action, to archieve some purpose.It includes moral,
group dinamics, democratic supervision and behavioral concerpts in
motivation.THE HUMAN RELATIONS APPROACH- Seeks to seea man who is
happy in his own working environment inorder for him to work
well.When environment is condussive when:1. The physical facilities
in which the person works( are ) both comfortable and secure2. The
people with whom he works (are) friendly and capable of creating
good social atmosphere for interaction among the workers.3. The
machines or tools with which he performs his duty (are) safe and
secure.IMPLICATIONS TO THE THEORYIn human relations theory, you are
a good administrator if you :1. Take notice of your subordinsates
work and comment them for good performances2. Treat them like human
beings and give respect.3. Treat everybody equally.4. Tell them
exactly what they have to do and always inform themof any changes
eg through meetings or workers fellowship.Allow your subordinates
to participate in the decision making.ADMINISTRATIVE BEHAVIORHere
emplase on motivation which meant that people had to get rewards in
exchange for the work they doFUNCTION OF ADMINISTRATION1. Puts into
practice the decissions of the organisation2. It influences the
results that are to be archieved the direction to be taken and
identifies the most important aspects in the organisation.3. It
also determines the working atmosphere of the organisation and the
relationship tha exists among workers.4. It measures what the
organisation has acocmplished in forms of how good a thing
is(quality) and how much has been accomplished(quantity)5. It
determines the prestige of the organisation ie whether the
organisation is regarded highly or not at all6. It is responsible
for perfecting existing ideas, making change s and developing the
organisation.COMMUNICATIONThe transmision of information from one
place person to another person.The method used to let another
person or persons know what is taking place and when such a thing
is taking place.In any communication there must be a sender of the
message, or communicator , and a receiver or
communicatee.Communication is not complete until the receiver has
responded to the messageTYPES OF COMMUNICATIONCan be grouped into
three types1. COMMUNICATION BY WORD OF
MOUTHDisadvantages:(a)Messages get distorted in the process of
transmission(b)Nobody can be held responsible for the message2.
COMMUNICATION BY THE WRITTEN WORDLetter writing , news papers,
books and magazines3. COMMUNICATION BY USE OF ELECTRONIC
DEVICESIncludes: the telephone, radio and televisionThe message
travels faster and effectivelyMETHODS OF COMMUNICATION1. THE DIRECT
METHOD OF COMMUNICATIONThe message is given directly by the sender
to the receiver and a reply is given on the spot.2. THE INDIRECT OR
RELAY METHOD OF COMMUNICATIONThere is an intermediate agent/s
through whom messages must travel before reaching the
receipient.Another term used is the relay methodDisadvantages of
the relay system:1. The message can be delayed on the way2. The
message may be distorted3. The message can be diluted4. The message
may be trappedIf an agent does not like a certain message reaching
another one ,he may trap it ie sit on it.RULES GORVENING EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION1. THE LANGUAGE USED MUST BEAR THE SAME MEANING FOR
BOTH SENDER AND RECEIPIENTWhen communicating, it is important for
the sender to use words and signs which are familiar to the
receiverAvoid ambiguous words and colloquial phrasesBe simple and
preciseBe simple and straight forwad in your languageMake sure that
the words used are accepted to the other personAlways choose
carefully before you speak2.COMMUNICATE WELL AHEAD OF TIMEInform
those who are going to be involved in it well ahead of timeThis
gives them time to get ready for the eventLast minute communication
causes a lot of inconvenience3. CONSULT AND CONSIDER EVERYONE
INVOLVED IN THE EVENTConsult and inform everyone about his
respective duty or role well in advance4. DO NOT RELEASE ANY
OFFICIAL MESSAGE PREMATURELY5. WAIT FOR THE RECEIVERS RESPONSE
BEFORE TAKING ACTIONPURPOSE OF COMMUNICATIONIt is intended for
conveying, commands, information, instractins, advice, feelings,
opinions and facts correctly and accurately from one person to
another person or group of peopleGood communications help to
stimulate ethusiasim and raise interests and motivationCmmuniction
is not an inborn thing but has to be learned.The goals of the
church or organisation become known and useful when they are
communicated.Communication is the first task of an administrator.
Communication involves two people a sender and a receiver.An
administrator communicates not with himself alone but with the
public.Communication does not take place unless the receiver
interprets exactly the information being transmitted.Body motions,
facial expressions, voice intonations and speech rapidly convey
meaningful information.Administrators are always looking for
effective communication.BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR GOOD COMMUNICATION1.
Have something to say. Knowing exactly what to say is very
important in communication.2. Clarify all your ideas on the subject
before seeking to communicate to others.3. Be prepared. Prior
preparation require full consideration of the following
questions.(a) What is the purpose of communication?(b) Who is the
audience ?(c) What is the scope of the subject?(d) Where will be
the communication?(e) How can l best present the communication?For
instance you will need to decide whether your message will be
presented orally, in face to face meeting or printed in a memo,
letter or newspaper.4. Brevity, clarity and relevance are essential
for sound communication.5. Develop a natural style of delivering
your communication.6. Use simple, straightforward laguage whenever
possible.7. Check and recheck whethern your message/talk /
instruction has been properly understood.8. Seek to be understood
all the time and also to understand.Communication is a two way
process. It is important to be a good listener too.Communication is
purposive.Its primary administrative functions are informing,
instructing or directing someone, evaluating someone or something
and influencing anothers thought of behaviour.
LEADERSHIPThe success of any organisatin depends mainly on
effective administration procedures and effective administration
depends on sound leadership.MEANING OF LEADERSHIP1. The process of
influencing the activities and behaviour of an individual or a
group in efforts towards goal archievement in a given situation.2.
It is a status of dominance and prestige aquired by ability to
control, initiate or set the partten of behaviour for others.
CHARACTERISTICS OF LEADERS.Leaders are people with a purpose and
a vision.They are not driffters, going along without seeing where
theyn are going.Faint leaders can not win devoted followers.Real
leadership requires the leader to be wholly committed to a single
purpose.He/She must be friendly too because friendliness is
important to good leadership.To be a good leader one must learn to
be a good follower.A true leader does not drive his followers but
gains their bgood will and loyalty by helping, motivating and
guiding them.
LEADERSHIPAS A PERSONALITY GIFT.He has unique physical
intellectual and socio-psychological traits which make him more
superior than others.THIS INCLUDES: Dependability, friendliness,
enthusiasm, forcefulness, persistence, knowing how to get things
done, self confidence, alertness to and insight into situations,
cooperativeness, and fluence of speech, judgement, originality,
emotional, stability and popularity.He is described as stronger,
more inteligent, more mature, more cultured and more impressive
than any of his followers.He is more sensitive to the needs of the
group he is leading.LEADERSHIP AS A STATUS, TITLE OR POSITIONMAKING
POLICIES- Every leader is responsible for formulating guidelines
which must be followed as a basis for directing the administrative
machinery of the orgsanisationEXECUTION OF POLICIES- He is charged
with the responsibility of seeing that decissins made in the
organisation are within the confines of the organisational
polices.PERFORMING A DUAL RESPONSIBILITY- He has a dual
responsibility(1) To the general public(2) To the internal
operation of his organisationFIRST- Usually means creating a good
public image of the organisationSECOND- Is the duty which the
leader must perform for the organisation that is his official
duties?He assigns tasks, plans ahead and establishes ways of
getting the task done.LEADERSHIP AS SOCIAL AND SHARED
RELATIONSHIPIt is based on what the leader does to help the group
define its goals, archieve its objectives or mantain its strength
as a body.A leader who knows his people individually will most like
to more sympathetic to their problems failures than one who does
not know them at all.TYPES OF LEADERSHIPThose are:(1) Autocratic
(2) Laisser faire(3) Democratic(4) Charismatic1. AUTOCRATIC /
AUTHORITARIAN/ COERCIVE LEADERSHIP Commonly known as a dictator, is
the one who decides and dictates He alone determines police and
assigns tasks to members without consulting with them. The
subordnates has to carry out his directives without question Any
grumbling about the leaders actions or orders is met with force
Autocratic leadership does not allow any group inspired decisions
The leader is always aloof from the group. He is impersonal, task
oriented and sees himself as the sole and the center of authority
Autocratic leadership weakens the ability of the group and
individualsLAISSEZ-FAIRE LEADERSHIP/FREE REIGN APPROACH French term
meaning let people do what they want Laissez-Faire is leadership
without a specific leader. The leader is mere figure or symbolHe
gives few (if any) rules and is tolerantThe leader grants complete
freedom to group or individualEach individual does what he/she
wants and when he/she wants. The leader has no authority. He
remains apart from the group and participates only when the group
has asked him to do so. Any organization with such type of
leadership, anarch reigns because no one determines whethersomeone
is right.There is often frastretion, lack of purpose, and
indecision.DEMOCRATIC / PARTICIPATIVE LEADERSHIP Members are
totally involved in the making of policies. The leader gets power
and authority from the group he lead Decisions about organizational
matters are arrived at after consultation and communication with
various people in the organization. The leader attempts as much as
he can to make each individual feel important as member of the
group Individuals are free to exercice their skills or talents
toward the success of the organization The leader delegates
responsibilities tohis followers.The final decision remains with
the leader although the ground work leading to the decision might
have be done by a team of people rather than one person, the
leadership With this kind of leadership higher degrees of staff
morale, iniative, cohesivesiness , freedom of action and work
quality is promoted.DEMOCRATIC LEADERSHIP PROMOTES GREATER GROUP
PRODUCTIVITY, PERSONALITIES, SHAPED AND LEADERSHIP IS MORE MATURE,
MORE CAPABLE OF OBJECTIVITY AND LESS AGRESSIVE.
CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP It is leadership influenced by a leader.
The leader has extra-ordinary powerss over people whose obiedence
is based on emotion rather than reason. He has super natural powers
which automatically draw number of willing followers to
himQUALITIES AND TACTICS OF A LEADERA GOOD LEADER SHOULD:1. Have
consideration for others 2. Be intelligent 3. Have self
confidence4. Be sociable, friendly and mix well with others5. Have
speech fluency6. Be professional, objective , impersonal, impartial
and act in the best interests of the group7. Have morale
intergrity8. Be in sound health9. Have a sense of purpose , that is
, having knowledge of what he/she wants10. Be responsible11. Have
the ability to remain reasonable in difficulty situations12. Be
influential- be willing to influence higher authorities13. Be
efficientA leader should find ways of dealing with his superiors as
well as with his subordnatesImpress your superiors by being
competantA leader, in dealing with subordnates , should:1. Listen
more than he talks 2. Be natural3. Avoid remarks(even in jest) that
belittle a group member4. Deal with their problems5. Keep an open
door to them6. Involve members in decission making7. Treat them
fairly8. Give them a sense of belonging9. Give subordnates security
and comfortable livingPERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF QUALITIES DESIRED
OF A GOOD LEADERINTELLIGENCE-Involves natural intelligence, mature
and sound judgement, broad mindedness,the ability to see, examine
problems or tasssks and to be able to provide apropriate solutions
to themIncludes the verbal ability to communicate effectively with
other peopleSELF CONFIDENCEWhen self confidence is lacking in an
administrator, he ends up being used by persons of groups who have
confidence in themselves and their ideasSOCIABILITYHe must be
friendly, cheerful and sociable in his approach to peopleHe must be
interested in the welfare and problems of his subordnatesHe must be
an example of courtesy, politeness and must towards the people whom
he worksPROFESSIONALLY MINDEDHe must recognize the good of the
profession and do what he can do to further itMORAL INTERGRITYHe
must uphold high ethical and moral standardsHe should with courage
stick to the mithHe must be honest and practice what he says
HUMILITY AND MODESTYHe should be humble and
modestyBoasting,arrogence and vanity must not be practiced by a
good leaderSOUND HEALTHA sickly leader can not discharge his duties
and responsibilities effectivelyGood physical and mental health is
essential requisites for maxmum effectivenessDECISION MAKINGWe all
spend our lives making decision some are good decision and others
are bad decisions-Decision making is a major responsibilityof all
administrators-Until decision making is converted into action it is
only good intention-Effective administrators require intelligent
decision making-Decisions are intelligent when they are appropriate
for accomplishing specific goalsA good administratorsellhis ideas
to his subordnates in a democratic mannerSTAGE 1 STUDY CAREFULLY
THE EXISTING SITUATION .An intelligent administrator always studies
his environment to see what is going wrong and what is being done
right.He must be acquainted with the situation, be in a position to
detect problems or difficulties which require decisions to be
madeSTAGE 2 RECOGNISE AND DEFINE THE PROBLEMAll decision making
begins with the identification of the problem in the
organisationSTAGE 3 EXAMINE THE DETAILED MAKE UP OF THE PROBLEMIN
THE EXISTING SITUATIONThe intelligent administrator has to clarify
the problemSTAGE 4 DECIDE ON THE CRITERIA FOR RESOLVING THE
PROBLEMWe have finished the describing, analysing and specifying
the problem then as decision makers we must decide on what
constitutes an acceptable resolution.STAGE 5 DEVELOP A PLAN FOR
ACTIONThis stage is to identify the alternative methods available
of tackling the problem evaluating the costs and consequencesPOWER
AND AUTHORITY - Power is often equated with authority. Authority is
an important dimension of any office and is necessary for achieving
assigned tasksPOWERA form of raw energy that enables a person to
carry out his/her own will despite the protestations of othersPower
includes that is rigidly or starkly or coercive as well as
controllthat is based on non threatning persuation and suggestion
WHY DO PEOPLE SEEK POWER?Power is sought to control the decision
making process in organisationAUTHORITY: Is the power to make
decisions which guide the actions of another.The relationship
between two individuals one superior, and the other subordinate-
The superior frames and transmits decision with the expectation
that they will be accepted by the subordinate - Subordinate to
expect such decisions and his conduct is determined by
them.DELEGATIONTHE MEANING OF DELEGATION1. Giving part of yuor work
to your subordnates2. Giving the subordinate the necessary
authority to carry out the work.3. Setting up control mechanisim to
ensurethat work is being done according to predetermined
sta00ndards.4. The accoutabilityof the superior to his own boss
cannot deligate to the subordinate.BENEFITS OF DELEGATION1. Enables
real decentralisayion by increasing the levels which decisions are
made.2. Helps in job enlargement ie enlarging the scope of
responsibilities.3. Helps in avoiding autocrats with the church
organization.4. Reduces inciespensabilityHOW TO DELEGATEDelegation
always implies taking calculatedrisks but can be minimised by
adjustingthe delegation to the capacity of an individualMETHODS OF
DELEGATION- FORMAL/INFORMAL IMPLIED.THE FORMAL-Detailed written
instructions are issued outlining the scope of the delegated
work.THE INFORMAL It requires a greater understanding between the
superior and the subordinate -It is done orally and is therefore
swift.