1 5th Global Forum on Sustainable Energy Vienna, 11-13 May 2005 1 Sustainable Development Communications Network Enhancing International Cooperation on.

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5th Global Forum on Sustainable EnergyVienna, 11-13 May 2005

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Sustainable Development Communications Network

Enhancing International Cooperation on Biomass

PRESENTED BY: DR CLIVE RICHARDSON

Vienna, 11-13 May 2005

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JATROPHA CURCAS

“THE POWER PLANT”

GROWING E N E R G Y SOLUTIONS

Decentralized Renewable Energy

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Main Distribution regions- of Jatropha Curcas

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Renewable energy for a sustainable future


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1. Agro -forestryCertified seedsTissue culture TruncheonsDeveloped into Certified D1 JCL seedlings, grown & seeds harvested


2. Crushing PlantSeed is taken to the depotWhere oil is extracted – D1 Tech Oil – Seed cakeSeedcake - processed into Organic fertilizer – Power

3. D1 20 processing plant

converts oil to D1 BioDiesel to the

standard of En14214

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India

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Egypt - Luxury

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Egypt - Luxury

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South Africa

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Nepal

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Philippines

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An earth to engine strategy: SEEDJatropha from which Bio Diesel is produced is an indigenous species in many countries, planted once every 30 years, estimated 250k tonnes already produced today with climatic conditions ideal for further development.

Feedstock of choice: high oil yield, fast growing, non-edible, durable, long production life, profitable by-products.

Ensure quality and supply of seed.

Replicate optimum yielding plants via micro propagation (MP) for specific areas.

OIL SALES

REFINING EARTH VEGETABLE

OILBIODIESEL ENGINE

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An earth to engine strategy: YIELD

D1 Oils Jatropha nuts yield an average of 40% crude non-edible vegetable oil Jatropha less dependent on climate and soil conditions than other energy cropsFast and sustainable propagation – Jatropha trees bearing nuts within 18 months and productive for 30 yearsCapable of both intercrop and boundary planting, on non prime land creating flexible supply of potential land sitesPlanting, cultivating and harvesting provides significant new employment for rural communities

EARTH VEGETABLEOIL

BIODIESEL ENGINEOIL SALES

REFINING

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An earth to engine strategy: ENGINE

Car and heavy vehicle manufacturers such as Audi, Daimler Chrysler and Volvo make models that accept pure bio diesel without modification to the engine

All modern diesel cars can run on blended fuel without engine modifications, so can lorries, trains, public service vehicles and plant machinery

EARTH VEGETABLEOIL

BIODIESEL ENGINEOIL SALES

REFINING

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The Growing Bio diesel Market faces a shortage of Energy crops

Security of Supply

Emissions Reductions(Kyoto Protocol)

Foreign Government Policies (Clean air acts)

Consumer and Industrial demand

Bio

die

sel

mar

ket

dri

vers

Current global bio diesel production is 1.3 million tonnes growing at 14% per year and predicted to reach 2.7 million tonnes by 2010

Bio fuel policies recommending bio dieselblends should create 7.2 million tonnes of demand by 2010

A production gap of 4.5 million tonnes is currently predicted by 2010

D1’s approach to this opportunity involves:

• Securing the feedstock supply chain

• Introducing modular refining technology

• Guaranteeing domestic markets for bio diesel distribution

• Guaranteeing export markets for crude vegetable oils

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SALIENT FEATURES OF JATROPHA

Perennial hardy shrub, drought resistant and survives well in arid and semi arid tropics.

Grows well in all types of soil and even in poor, marginal and degraded waste lands.

Easy to cultivate & propagate.

Not browsed by cattle, no major pest & diseases.

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ECONOMIC FEATURES OF JATROPHA

Cost effective, renewable and environmentally safe bio fuel.

Jatropha removes carbon from atmosphere.

Jatropha oil cake contains high nutritive value and used as

manure. Also has insecticidal properties.

Bi-products: Glycerol - used for various downstream products

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TARGET OUTPUT PER HECTARE

1000 trees per acre produces :Seed - 5 TonesSeed cake - 3 TonesVegetable Oil - 2 TonesGlycerol - 0.2 Tones

Estimated Bio Diesel production per acre is 2,200 litres

Potential yields of 6 tonnes per acre and 55% oil Extraction are attainable

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Collar Girth Leaf Area Root Length

Measurements of Growth Parameters

Humidified seeds Scarified seeds Rinsing with tap water

16 hours humidification (2 N HCL)

D1 PDC recommended seed treatment practices

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DESCRIPTION DATA REMARKS

Number of bunches /plant 750 bunches Potential

No of fruits per bunch 10 fruits “

No of fruits per plant 7500 fruits “

On an average of 5 fruits per bunch (750 x 5) 3750 fruits Average

No of seeds per fruit 3 seeds Average

No of seeds out of 3750 fruits (3750 x3) 11250 seeds Average

No of seeds per kilogram 1200 seeds/kg “

Seed Yield per plant in kg (1/1200 x 11250) 9 kg “

No of plants per acre 1200 to 1500

a) if (2mx2.0m=1200) (1200 x 9) 10.08 mt

b) if (2mx1.5m=1500) (1500 x 9) 13.50 mt

c) if (2mx1.0m=2000) (2000 x 9) 18.00 mt

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Factors effecting the deteriorationof Jatropha seeds

Seeds

Physical Chemical Biological

•Storage container•Place of storage•Method of storage

•Seed chemistry•Presence of natural anti oxidants•Seed moisture content

•Micobial load•Type of microorganisms

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Fruit borer

Leaf webber

Achaea janata Weaver caterpillar

Calidea bug

These pests can be effectively controlled by bio pesticides

Mite infestation

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Root rot symptoms

Cercospora leaf spot

Collar rot symptoms

These diseases can be effectively controlled by bio fungicides

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POST HARVEST SEED MAINTENANCE

Screening of seeds and removing infected and discolored seeds before storage

Packing in Dry and disinfected (Malathion) bags

Maintaining a moisture content of less than 8%

Using synthetic antioxidants like BHA-Butyrated hydroxy anisole or

BHT- Butyrated hydroxy toluene if needed

Post harvest pest management- use of botanics- Nochi (Vitax negundo) leaf powder @5%

Preventing microbial lipase activity

Storing the seeds in dry and cool place

Periodical seed inspection to detect fungal infection

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Kernels (Defatted protein)Water purificationEffluent procesingPharmaceuticalFood processingTextilesPetrochemicalSteel industryNuclear power stationsDye industryDesalinisation

FRUITS LEAVES WHOLE PLANT BARK

SHELLSEEDS

HULL

KERNELS

Crude OilBiodiesel - LubricantIllumination - Phorbolesters:Edible oil Bio pesticidesSoap production (Kill vector snails Other cosmetics of Schistosomiasis)

RodenticdeMedicinal uses

Seed cake or expeller

Animal feed(protein supplement)Organic fertilizerRodent repellant

Anti inflammatory agentsSilviculture

TanninsDyes Erosion control

As a hedgeShelter plant for other cropsRodent repellantSap: Medicinal uses

Fuel, mulch and biogas

Jatropha curcas and its potentials

ACTIVATED CARBON

Water purificationPollution controlMolecular sievesPharmaceutical

Crude oil

(Removal of FFA, Gums & Waxes)

Raw material for soap industry

Transesterification

Bio diesel Glycerin Fuel Pharmaceutical Food processing Explosives Paint industry Lubricant Defrosting Runways/ Roadways

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Oil Crops

Renewable CO2

Used in Automobiles

Environmental benefits of Bio-Diesel – Pertro-Diesel

Biodiesel grade B100 B20 Total unburnt hydrocarbons -93% -30% Carbon monoxide -50% -20% Particulate matter -30% -22% NOx +13% +2% Sulphates -100% -20% Polyciclic aromatic

hydrocarbons

-80% -13%

nPAH 2-nitroflurene,1-

nitropyrene

-90% -50%

Ozone(smog) forming

potentional

-50% -10%

Life cycle emissions Corbon dioxide -80% Sulphur dioxide -100%

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Project Documentation Preparation and review of the Project

Periodic verification & certification

• Project Idea Note• Project Concept Note• Project Concept Document (or equivalent)

Baseline Study and Monitoring and Verification Plan (MVP)• Project Design Document • Baseline study and ER projections• Monitoring and Verification Plan

Validation process• Validation protocol and report

Negotiation of Project agreements• Project Appraisal and related

documentation• Term sheet• Emission Reduction Purchase Agreement• Host Country Agreement or equivalent

Construction and start up• Initial verification report

• Verification report• Supervision report

Project completion

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Project design: identification, preparation, review

Negotiations of purchase agreement

Validation Report and Opinion

Baseline Study, Monitoring Plan

CER’s Project Cycle

Project Implementation and Initial Verification

Transfer ERs to Participants accounts

Periodic verification & certification of ERs

Production of ERs and monitoring

PCF payments for ERs to Project Entity

OILS plc

GROWING E N E R G Y SOLUTIONS


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Dr. Clive RichardsonD1 Oils plc 100 Pall Mall London SW1Y 5HP

www.d1plc.com

1 5th Global Forum on Sustainable Energy Vienna, 11-13 May 2005 1 Sustainable Development Communications Network Enhancing International Cooperation on.

Documents

sustainable energy vienna

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sustainable future slide

renewable energy

india slide

nepal slide

philippines slide

jatropha curcas slide