1 5 th Integrated Seminar 18.5.2005. 2 FACTORS AFFECTING ON COOLING TOWER PERFORMANCE AND INTRODUCTION TO OUTLINES OF THESIS.

1 5th Integrated Seminar 18.5.2005

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FACTORS AFFECTING ON

COOLING TOWER PERFORMANCE

AND

INTRODUCTION TO OUTLINES OF THESIS

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Factors Affecting Cooling Tower Performance

Wet-Bulb TemperatureDry-Bulb TemperatureHeat LoadGPM, Range and ApproachInterferenceTower Sitting and OrientationRecirculation

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Cooling Tower Performance Curve

Fig 1 – A Sample of Typical Performance Curve

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Wet-Bulb Temperature

• The temperature (WB) of the entering or ambient air adjacent to the cooling tower.

Fig 2 – Sling Psychrometer Fig 3 – Daily Variation of WB Temperature

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Fig 4 – Annual Variation of WB Temperature

Fig 5 – Typical WB Temperature Duration Curve

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Dry-Bulb and/or Relative Humidity

• The temperature (DB) of the entering or ambient air adjacent to the cooling tower.

• The ratio of the mole fraction of water vapor present in the air to the mole fraction of water vapor present in saturated air at the same temperature and barometric pressure.

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Heat Load

• Total heat to be removed from the circulating water by the cooling tower per unit time.

min/33.8 BtuRgpmLoadHeat

where, gpm = Circulating water rate in gallons per minute 8.33 = Pounds per gallon of water R = Range

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GPM, Range and Approach

Fig 6 – Diagram showing of Cooling Range and Approach

Fig 7 – Effect of chosen Approach on Tower Size at fixed Heat Load, GPM, and WB Temperature

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Interference

Fig 8 – Interference Process

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Tower Sitting and Orientation

It is the responsibility of the owner/ specifier.

• Air Restrictions

• Recirculation

• Interference

• Effect on Site Piping

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Recirculation

• Undesirable Situation• Control

– Tower Shape

– Orientation with Prevailing Wind

– Air Discharge Velocity– Fan Cylinder Height

and Spacing

Fig 9 – Recirculation Process

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Fig 10 – Longitudinal Wind Direction concentrates Separate Stack Plumes into one of High Buoyancy

Fig 11 – Effect of Wind Velocity Potential of Round and Rectangular Tower

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Fig 12 – Comparative Recirculation Potential of Round and Rectangular Tower

Fig 13 – Recirculation Potential in a Forced-draft Cooling Tower

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Introduction to Outlines of Thesis

CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION1.1. Problem Outline1.2. Objective of the Present Study1.3. Layout of Thesis

CHAPTER 2 – LITERATURE REVIEW2.1. Electric Melting Furnaces

2.1.1. Arc Furnace2.1.2. Induction Furnace

2.1.2.1. Coreless Induction Furnace2.1.2.2. Core or Channel Induction Furnace

2.1.3. Resistance Furnace2.2. Operating Principle of Coreless Induction Furnace2.3. Features of Induction Melting Furnace2.4. Block Diagram showing the Water Cooling System2.5. Energy Requirements and Coil Cooling Energy Losses

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2.6. Water Cooling System – Important Role in Coreless Induction Furnace2.6.1. Water Requirements2.6.2. Effects of Water Quality2.6.3. Water Purification/ Maintenance2.6.4. Filtration2.6.5. Effects of Impurities2.6.6. Emergency Water Supply and Cooling System

2.7. Cooling Pond System2.8. Spray Pond System2.9. Evaporative Cooling Tower-open Circuit System2.10. Fan-radiator Closed-circuit System2.11. Water/water Heat-Exchanger Dual System2.12. Dual System with Closed-circuit Cooling Tower2.13. Selection of Cooling System

CHAPTER 3 – COOLING POND – CURRENT STATUS OF RESEARCH AND PROJECT

CHAPTER 4 – DESIGN AND CALCULATION OF COOLING POND SYSTEMCHAPTER 5 – CLOSED RECIRCULATING SYSTEM WITH COOLING TOWERCHAPTER 6 – RESULT, DISCUSSION, AND CONCLUSION

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